Ingeniería Mecánica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1908
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Ítem Diseño de un banco de pruebas para las bombas de serie Meganorm, Etaline, Etanorm, Movitec y Multitec de la empresa KSB Colombia para la evaluación del rendimiento hidráulico basado en la norma ISO 9906Gutiérrez Agudelo, Sergio Andres; Alomia Muñoz, Juan David; Muñoz Bello, Nicolas GabrielPumps, although they often go unnoticed, are fundamental components for the proper functioning of various systems. Their silent but vital role makes them crucial to efficiency, availability and operational reliability. The pump test bench is positioned as an indispensable tool for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), contractors, operating companies and pump manufacturers in general. This component plays a fundamental role in the verification and guarantee of pump characteristics, ensuring their optimum performance and reliability in various applications. This project proposes the design of a pump test bench, whose main objective is to recreate the real operating conditions of the pumps and allow them to be subjected to and allow them to be subjected to performance evaluations. Through this process, it will be verified that the pumps comply with the flow, pressure, power and efficiency standards established by the ISO standard, power and efficiency standards established by ISO 9906. Regardless of whether the pumps are intended for water supply systems, irrigation, wastewater treatment, power generation or any other industrial application, the test bench will ensure that the evaluated pump series operate optimally, preventing premature failures and optimizing processes. The data obtained in the test bench constitutes a solid basis for the certification of pump performance, guaranteeing that the pump series will operate optimally, preventing premature failures and optimizing processes.Ítem Efecto de los parámetros de impresión en la resistencia mecánica de engranajes rectos fabricados por impresión 3D FDM en material PLAMonroy Sánchez, Johan Alejandro; Verú Neira, Víctor Daniel; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio [0000-0003-4436-9443]The main objective of this project is to determine how printing parameters such as infill density, wall thickness, layer height, face width, among others, affect the torsional resistance of the manufactured gears. To this end, mechanical resistance tests were carried out and the results obtained through the experimental design method were analyzed with the help of statistical software, allowing to establish the relationship between the manufacturing parameters in the printing process and the mechanical resistance of the gears, providing a basis to optimize the manufacture of critical components with additive manufacturing. Based on the results obtained from the proposed model, it was concluded that the most influential manufacturing variables in the mechanical resistance of the gears are the filling density and wall thickness.Ítem Plan de negocio para la conformación de un laboratorio de diagnóstico automotriz especializado en inyección(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Triana Gutiérrez, Jorge Andrés; Gonzáles Colmenares, MauricioThe idea of forming an automotive diagnostic center, named JV INJECTION, was born when identifying a need in the workshop and mechanics sector of the municipality of Villeta, this city being a key place to undertake and implement new business ideas thanks to the fact that it is the main city of the Gualivá province which covers 12 municipalities which finally converge to said city to carry out automotive maintenance and repair processes, in addition to also being one of the main routes of the road corridor between Bogotá and the north of the country. The offer presents weakness in the use and diagnosis with automotive technology equipment, using the visual, auditory or suspicion inspection method, for which in the development and constitution of this business plan it seeks to change the way of carrying out these procedures. To achieve this, we seek to provide a quality service by implementing modern auto parts diagnostic equipment. For the development of the business plan, this report aims to evaluate the minimum factors necessary for its constitution and implementation in the future. For this, the starting point is to carry out a SWOT analysis that allows us to know key aspects of the business, propose the offer of services that, in response to the current needs of the market, propose the position profiles necessary to cover and provide a good service, on the other hand. , a cost standard is proposed for each of the services to be offered that allows us to be competitive in the market to be entered.Ítem Propuesta de plan de mantenimiento preventivo para los equipos rotativos de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de EcopetrolMartínez Páez, Juan Camilo; González Colmenares, MauricioIn this project, a proposal for a preventive maintenance plan is developed for the rotating equipment of the sludge dehydration section of a wastewater treatment plant of an oil company.Ítem Dimensionamiento de un sistema solar fotovoltaico para una máquina despulpadora de café en la finca la cordillera municipio de Marquetalia Caldas(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldás) Espinosa Parra|, Cristian Guiovanny; Londoño Rodríguez, Julian; Arias Henao, Camilo Andres; Arias Henao, Camilo Andres [0000-0002-8846-2984]The project aims to evaluate the feasibility of using photovoltaic solar energy to operate a coffee pulping machine on the La Cordillera farm, located in Marquetalia, Caldas, due to the intermittency in the electrical supply caused by the geographical conditions of the region. Several factors were analyzed, including the necessary electrical consumption, historical consumption data, periods of higher crop productivity, solar irradiation conditions and shade. For this, the photovoltaic system was sized and the necessary equipment was selected, evaluating the shading conditions using the PVsyst software, which allowed calculating the performance, losses and carrying out a financial analysis of the project. The simulation showed a monthly nominal power of 154 kWh/month, confirming that the sizing and selection of equipment was adequate, despite losses of 3.3% due to the location of the panels. A financial analysis was also carried out to determine the costs associated with the acquisition and installation of the equipment.Ítem Estudio metrológico del durómetro (Gnehm Swiss Rock) del laboratorio de metalografía Facultad Tecnológica.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldás) Oviedo Ávila, José Alejandro; Romero Pinzón, Joan Nicolas; González Colmenares, MauricioAs a higher education institution, the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas possesses specialized equipment for observing phenomena related to various branches of engineering. Each measuring device is located in its respective laboratory, which has the necessary implements and spaces for the corresponding practices. Therefore, if the established guidelines for handling the equipment are followed, both students and other institution personnel can manage it properly and obtain acceptable results. This project will focus on the metallography laboratory of the Faculty of Technology, where we will find the Hardness Tester (GNEHM Swiss Rock). It is necessary to understand that, operationally, a piece of equipment can function moderately well. Unfortunately, with the phenomenon of globalization, operational standards must be more rigorous to benefit quality and metrology. In this regard, it is advisable to subject measuring equipment to performance evaluations known as calibrations and/or verifications. These performance evaluations aim to assess the equipment and its state of precision. The study of this project is based on a Metrological Analysis of the Hardness Tester (GNEHM Swiss Rock). The proposed analysis aims to evaluate the condition of the measuring equipment. The following guidelines must be followed: the standard practices for hardness evaluation in different materials, especially evaluating the repeatability of the equipment; uncertainty analyses, linearity tests, among others, will also be conducted. This is just for the measurement exercise, but due to the nature of metrology, more than one measurement should be taken, including evaluations of range, bias, hysteresis, etc. Even the order of measurements, as a normative guideline, requires characterizing the equipment and being informed about the measurement methods and characteristics of the test specimens for the different hardness tests. All these processes aim to ensure that the reliability of the hardness tester is not affected by poor procedures. In this case, calibration will not be employed, but the same principle will be followed.Ítem Aplicación del software flexsim para modelamiento de procesos productivos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldás) Serrano Galindo, Daniel Ramiro; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio [0000-0003-4436-9443]This degree project begins with an exhaustive review of the state of the art on the essential knowledge that a mechanical engineer must have in process simulation at a global level. Below is a detailed explanation of the CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) methodology, which is fundamental for the training of engineers in the context of modern education. Subsequently, three practical cases are presented that reflect real situations in manufacturing and service processes. These cases serve as a basis for the development of specific solutions. Finally, tutorial guides are prepared using the Flexim software, addressing and solving the problems raised in the case studies. These guides not only provide practical solutions, but also serve as educational tools for future engineers interested in process simulation.Ítem Predicción de fallas por grietas longitudinales en soldaduras de acero aisi 1045 con el proceso smaw mediante análisis por elementos finitos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldás) Colmenares Andrade, Julian Camilo; Arcila Delgado, Mateo; Alvarado Moreno, AlexanderThis project focused on addressing the issue of failures in AISI 1045 steel welds using the SMAW welding process, employing modeling techniques and finite element analysis. The need to prevent and understand these failures was critical for improving the reliability of structures incorporating this type of welding. The project was based on an exhaustive review of scientific literature and the generation of specific three-dimensional models for V-joints in AISI 1045 steel, considering realistic working conditions. These models allowed for the simulation of loads and temperatures to which the welds would be subjected, and fatigue analyses were conducted to evaluate the lifespan of these joints in this specific context. It was anticipated that the results of this research would contribute significantly to a deeper understanding of longitudinal crack failures in AISI 1045 steel welds performed using the SMAW process. This, in turn, would lead to improvements in the quality and safety of structures employing these welded joints. Furthermore, the methodology developed could be applied and transferred to similar analyses in other materials and situations, benefiting both industry and the academic research community in the field of materials and structural engineering.Ítem Propuesta de plan de mantenimiento preventivo para la sección de las prensas de la empresa Challenger S.A.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Nieto Huertas, Nicolle Stephany; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio [0000-0003-4436-9443]The Colombian company Challenger S.A., faces important challenges in the press section, where significant levels of failures have been registered in comparison with other areas. In response to this problem, this study focused on the development of a specific preventive maintenance plan for critical equipment in the press section. These critical equipment were identified using a quantifiable methodology that comprehensively addressed all aspects related to the machine, without distinction of tonnage or relevance given by production.Ítem Modelamiento del comportamiento mecánico de las cuerdas vocales expuestas a una presión variable durante la fonaciónRamirez Murcia, Juan Sebastian; Cruz Soracipa, Nicolle Sellene; Bohorquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis study focuses on three essential components of the vocal folds, the body and ligament (considered linear elastic materials) and the lamina propria (considered viscoelastic material). Little attention has been paid to the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials, and models such as the Kelvin-Voigt Model and the Maxwell Model have been explored, although they do not fit natural behavior. The Standard Solid Model has been chosen to compile the aforementioned models. Pulmonary pressure causes changes in the vocal folds due to their viscoelastic properties, leading to significant morphological alterations at a time of biological relaxation. During the research, discernible variations in mechanical behavior were observed, related to changes in vocal fold tissue, suggesting that these changes could reflect actual natural displacements.Ítem Estructura de un plan de negocio para una microempresa del sector de autopartes a partir de elementos de competitividad basados en el servicioLeón Gonzalez, Cristhian Camilo; Sánchez Caro, Carlos Alberto; González Colmenares, MauricioThe business plan for the microenterprise of the auto parts sector will be oriented to provide quality products and services in everything related to the beautification and preventive and corrective maintenance of automobiles, within the central environment of the city of Bogotá D.C., having as elements of competitiveness the personalized attention of customers, based on the prompt response and on site, seeking to be the first choice of the consumer by providing timely and safe care.Ítem Diseño parametrizado de dispositivo celofanador para estuches de lociones para maquinas sollaMendivelso Sánchez, Laura Vanessa; Arévalo López, Nicolás; Sicacha Rojas, Germán; Sicacha Rojas, Germán [0000-0002-8596-8031]This project focuses on streamlining design processes in companies, especially those that involve routines and handle similar input variables (measurements) for a group of tasks, by using CAD engineering software. Currently, in the industry, machines are used to carry out the process of cellophane wrapping boxes. These machines require a set of ten parts for each reference where the height, width, or length varies. The manufacture of these sets can take between three and four weeks due to the complexity of the design and manufacturing process. The objective of this project is to reduce the time in the design stage, specifically in the routines of part modeling and the generation of deliverable files, which include drawings and 3D parts. To achieve this purpose, information will be gathered from a cellophane wrapping machine, followed by the generation of all necessary work cycles in an engineering design. This includes the measurement of design times, the characterization of materials, the quality review process.Ítem Comprobación del material elaborado de residuo de cuero-resina de poliuretano como disipador de vibraciones(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Morales Martín, Luis Fernando; García Cárdenas, David Alejandro; Alferez Rivas, Luis Ernesto; Alferez Rivas, Luis Ernesto [0000-0002-7888-0015]Following the investigative progress we made in 2019, where we characterized the mechanical properties of a compound made of polyurethane resin and leather processing waste, which will be named Cuerol (Morales & Garcia, 2019), the need arose to find a practical application in the field of mechanical engineering. Based on the results obtained: an elasticity modulus of 1.4785 MPa and tensile strength of 3.1 MPa, it was determined that the material could have an application as a vibration isolator, since these elements are made of rubber and share very similar values: rubber with an elasticity modulus of 1.4 MPa (erika dureza, 2023). In industry, the problems generated by the presence of vibrations in machinery, due to the environment, place of fixation, imbalance, or its coupling system with other machines presenting unusual vibrations, generate premature damage in wear elements such as bushings and bearings, among others, even leading to cracks and breaks in fixation bolts. In relation to the above, in the maintenance area, one of the determining factors for the good performance of a machine corresponds to predictive maintenance techniques. Vibration analysis is one of the most widely used strategies to monitor and predict anomalies such as wear, misalignment, imbalance, and damage in bearings. These procedures are vital for the correct functioning of internal elements, as continuous operation under high vibration conditions can affect the useful life of internal components such as bearings and gears, among others. Based on previous research (Morales & Garcia, 2019), and knowing that the elasticity modulus of Cuerol is similar to the base material from which vibration isolators are made, the present investigation seeks to determine the feasibility of Cuerol as a vibration damper through vibration analysis of a one-horsepower motor under normal and unbalanced operating conditionsÍtem Documento de desarrollo de : manual para el diseño de tubería en plantas industrialesHoyos Bojacá, Diego Fernando; Giraldo Valencia, Didier Alexander; Alvarado Moreno, Alexander; Alvarado Moreno Alexander [0009-0006-7087-1014]Industrial plants play an important role in today's lifestyles, as they use natural resources to produce energy, heat and power. They make use of natural resources to produce energy, petroleum products (plastics, synthetic fabrics, detergents, paints, solvents, etc.) fossil fuels, mass production of foodstuffs, and in the near future, these plants will be used for the generation and production of biofuels. The design and construction of industrial plants usually requires time, resources and space, therefore, to carry out a project like this, the support of multiple engineering firms is required. Some of those involved are: chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, among others. Each one is in charge of executing a specific task within the design and construction process of a plant. In order to satisfactorily carry out each of the tasks assigned to each engineering department, sub-departments are usually created within them. For example, within the mechanical engineering department usually has sub-departments such as: static and rotating equipment, piping stress, piping design, among others. Based on the above, it is possible to highlight the importance of the piping designers role within the design and construction process, since these professionals are in charge of piping layout, construction deliverables (piping isometrics, plot plan's, piping plan's, etc.) and in some cases support the plant erection process in the field. of the plant. The role of the piping designer is not something that is taught in the vast majority of undergraduate courses at universities in Colombia, this knowledge is usually acquired through work experience, therefore, at the time of starting the learning process, it is perceived that basic knowledge in the area is lacking. That is why it is necessary to implement a document to acquire the basic knowledge and to provide to those professionals who want to work in this field.Ítem Análisis microestructural y propiedades mecánicas de uniones soldadas por proceso de soldadura láser en acero AISI 304LTellez Bareño, Laura Valentina; Pineda Talero, Daniel Mateo; Alvarado Moreno, AlexanderThe project aims to characterize welded joints using laser welding in AISI 304L stainless steel, a material widely used for its corrosion resistance and ease of weldability. The study will focus on analyzing the microstructure of the fused zones and the mechanical strength of the welded joints, through the preparation of samples, under laser welding conditions. Metallographic analysis and tensile tests are also performed. The effect of welding parameters such as power, feed rate and energy density will be evaluated to identify the optimal conditions that ensure defect-free welds with good mechanical properties. The results will help improve manufacturing processes in some industries likely to implement this welding process.Ítem Caracterización tribológica de los recubrimientos de MoS2 + Ni y DLC depositados en los aceros para moldes AISI P20+Ni Y AISI 420 MODPérez Latorre, Tatiana Carolina; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos Arturo; Bohórquez Ávila,Carlos Arturo [0000-0001-7479-9933]The present project studies the tribological characteristics of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) and Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on AISI P20+Ni (IMPAX) and AISI 420 MOD (STAVAX) steels, which were thermally treated. Nevertheless, the samples were analyzed without heat treatment, then with tempering, then with Tufftride, and finally with tempering plus Tufftride for both materials. On the other hand, the coefficients of friction (COF) of the samples were analyzed through scratch tests and profilometry, additionally, the surfaces of the scratch marks were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the nanohardness of the coatings was identified through nanoindentation.Ítem Diseño e implementación de plan de mantenimiento preventivo en el área de mecanizado para la empresa Geomotos la 16Fajardo Cabanzo, Cristhian Javier; Veira Arévalo, Sebastián; González Colmenares, MauricioGeo motos la 16 is a Colombian company that is dedicated to the manufacture of spare parts and tools for the maintenance and repair of motorcycles; These products are made through the transformation of steel, bronze, aluminum and engineering plastics, which can be presented in bars or tubes, whether round, hexagonal, or rectangular, of different diameters and thicknesses. The path of the product to the customer's hands begins in the company's industrial machinery, which is responsible for intervening on the raw material from scratch, taking it through different machining processes to its final characteristics in cutting saws, conventional lathes, milling drills, CNC lathes, among others. The use of motorcycles in Colombia has increased year after year, due to factors such as the precarious condition of the roads that generate long traffic jams or the ease with which anyone can acquire this type of vehicle. This growth is generating a variety of factors. that affect several areas of the company, including the maintenance area, an area in which this project will be developed from the creation and implementation of a preventive maintenance plan for its machinery, since the model that the company has managed Until now it is corrective maintenance and since 2021, due to the increase in production, it has been observed that for current conditions this method is no longer profitable, leading the company to generate the design and implementation of a maintenance plan that achieves generate an improvement in machinery downtime and increase the company's production.Ítem Desarrollo del gemelo digital para una máquina de medición por coordenadas (CMM)Castro Parra, James Santiago; Poveda López, Daniel Andrés; Forero Casallas, John AlejandroIn this work we want to develop a digital twin using a coordinate measurement machine (CMM), so first of all, sufficient information about digital twins had to be collected, what they were, their characteristics, applications, etc. Then look for the necessary platforms to be able to develop it, at this point we reviewed several (both those that had a license from the University and those that did not), then we chose 3 final ones, which were SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor and NX Siemens, This is thanks to several tests (ease of use, interaction with the user, available tools, simulations, etc.) that were carried out on each of them to review which was the most complete and, with which we could carry out the development of the more efficiently and comprehensively, solving all the needs that needed to be resolved. After that, we proceeded to carry out the same investigation with the other important part of the work, the CMM, so we reviewed what they were like, what they were made up of, what types there were, if it was possible to work with these platforms on the platforms that had been chosen. or (if it was possible to develop them if not), which brings us to the next point which is the NX platform, which at the time of beginning our investigation we were not aware of its existence, when we delved into the tools and possibilities that it offered, in addition to the availability of having a complete CMM in advance and as close to a real one as it has different configurations, such as its probes and other instruments necessary for the respective measurement processes, which allowed a much more efficient, precise and higher quality development than the other options we had in mind. Finally, the respective user manual was prepared to use the platform, which is intended to provide a clear, concise and easy-to-understand guide, for the benefit of future generations or anyone who is interested in the topic of twins. digital devices such as CMM and measurement processes, regardless of whether they have knowledge of the subject or not.Ítem Análisis metalográfico de microdureza en una unión soldada de acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 420 y acero AISI/SAE 4340 con diferentes postratamientos térmicosLozano Marín, Jim Kevin; Pérez Bernal, Carlos Eduardo; Correo Murillo, Luis HernandoIn this project, a study of the changes and behaviors that occur at microstructural level was carried out by welding two dissimilar steels AISI/SAE 4340 and martensitic stainless steel 420 with filler electrode E309L-16, and subjecting them to different cooling thermal post-treatments. The problem to be solved in this monograph is to analyze the microstructural changes that occur in the heat-affected zone due to welding, after applying the thermal post-treatments, this process is widely used in the industry and presents failures due to the change in temperature in relation to the base materials. For this purpose, a series of specific objectives were proposed, among which are, to make welded samples of the materials and take them to a maximum temperature between 800 to 1000 (°C), then subject them to cooling with water, oil and room temperature, in order to identify the phases that are generated in the areas adjacent to the joint affected by the ZAC heat, and by means of a microhardness test to determine the resistance given the thermal post-treatment. The present paper took as references studies carried out on the microstructural transformation in dissimilar welds of austenitic stainless steel with ferritic stainless steel and weldability in stainless steels and dissimilar steels. It is expected to obtain three samples with heterogeneous microstructural properties due to the different post-treatments, and a change in the microhardness in each of the samples in relation to the base material.