Ingeniería Mecánica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1908
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Ítem Desarrollo de una línea de negocios para filtros tipo cartucho de líquidos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Vargas Rojas, Lady Michelle; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio [0000-0003-4436-9443]This internship project focuses on the development of a business line aimed at the commercialization of special cartridge filters designed to purify liquids such as chemicals, oils, solvents, pharmaceutical solutions, and other critical fluids used in product manufacturing. It also includes essential liquids consumed by the general population in Colombia and by factories across various economic sectors, such as water. Vital Filter S.A.S is a company with a presence in the national market, specializing in the commercialization and manufacturing of air filters that meet both national and international standards. However, many of its clients must ensure the quality of their final products by eliminating unwanted particles and impurities that compromise product purity and hinder the proper functioning of equipment and machinery in industrial processes. This creates a need to support these industry players with a new line of filters focused on liquids, designed to meet technical specifications that do not alter manufacturing variables such as pressure, temperature, and flow rate. The project involves analyzing and comparing key performance characteristics related to input, output, design, and control variables involved in cartridge-type filters. Based on this analysis, a catalog of products that meet these requirements will be selected from the international market. The most commonly used references in the national market will be identified through a market study, pinpointing the filters most useful in production processes. Subsequently, negotiations and importation of the merchandise will be carried out with a supplier that meets the aforementioned technical specifications. The process will conclude with obtaining the ozone layer protection certificate and the environmental license granted by ANLA, ensuring proper nationalization and commercialization within Colombian territory. Finally, the results of the aforementioned activities will be compiled into a report detailing the costs of the merchandise delivered in Colombia and the technical datasheets of the products selected from the international market.Ítem Influencia del aire bajo flujo turbulento en diferentes velocidades sobre sistemas fotovoltaicos en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cruz Salcedo, Nelson David; Candela Lopez , William; Candela Lopez, William [0000-0002-4775-6820]This paper presents a comparison between two operating conditions of a photovoltaic system for converting solar radiation into useful electrical energy in residential applications. The system was evaluated under four fan-generated airflow incidence distances (100, 300, 600, and 1000 mm), considering two panel orientations: horizontal (0°) and vertical (90°). Reference fans LFCV-A and HEE 250-T were used, operating at a constant flow rate.Ítem Diseño de una hoja de calculo para costeo de mantenimiento, reparación y alteracion de tanques según el estandar api 653(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Martinez Rosales, William; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio [0000-0003-4436-9443]Dominion S.A.C., through its metalworking division, participates in the development of projects involving the design, manufacturing, assembly, and maintenance of storage infrastructure across various industries. Currently, in Peru, the petrochemical sector is experiencing a surge in project demand due to the need to expand storage capacity, comply with routine maintenance plans, and modernize aging infrastructure that has been in operation for between 40 and 60 years. In this context, Dominion S.A.C. has the opportunity to execute multiple construction and maintenance projects for storage tanks. This project aims to implement a spreadsheet tool that serves as a foundation for cost evaluation, enabling efficient resource planning and providing references for future estimates, thereby reducing time and minimizing risks associated with financial projection errors. This study focuses on aboveground storage tanks, which are built in accordance with API 650 standards for new projects and API 653 standards for the maintenance, repair, or alteration of existing tanks.Ítem Diseño de envasadora y dosificadora automática de productos viscosos y liquidos para la catleya ac sas(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) León García, Sebastián Camilo; Briceño Jurado, Juan Sebastián; López Candela, William Fernando; López Candela, William Fernando [0000-0002-4775-6820]The purpose of this project is to design an automated packaging and dosing machine for packaging high-viscosity products such as detergent, emulsified Varsol, and King-size soap in sizes up to two liters. The design was developed for a cleaning products company located in Bogotá. This design process begins with an analysis of the company's needs and constraints, and continues throughout the entire design process. This process leads to the manufacture of an automatic four-nozzle viscous product packaging machine capable of producing approximately 3,000 units per day.Ítem Estudio de las propiedades acústicas y mecánicas de un material compuesto de resina epóxica y fibras de cáñamo en proporciones de 80/20 y 70/30 como potencial ecológico en la industria de fabricación de paneles insonoros(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Velandia Arias, Brayan Esteban; Ladino Tenorio, Kevin Nicolas; Muños Bello, Nicolas GabrielThis study focuses on evaluating the mechanical and acoustic properties of acoustic panels made from an innovative composite material, using an epoxy resin matrix reinforced with natural hemp fibers. The research explores the viability of hemp fibers as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional reinforcements in the manufacture of these panels. The developed acoustic panels aim to improve the quality of the acoustic environment, mitigating the negative effects of ambient noise and offering a sustainable solution in the commercial sector.Ítem Comparación de módulos de análisis de tolerancias en ensamble mecánicos mediante los software CAD SolidWorks e Inventor.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Acosta Peña, Breiner David; Salazar Carrascal, Daniel Fernando; Ruiz Rosas, Víctor Elberto; Ruiz Rosas, [0000-0002-6798-2534]An experimental study is being conducted on the assignment of dimensional tolerances in mechanical assemblies with the aim of comparing the results obtained from the different CAT tolerance analysis modules TolAnalyst (SolidWorks) and Tolerance Analysis (Inventor). This comparison seeks to develop skills and evaluate the reliability of both tools so that users can interpret, apply, and analyze critical dimensions within an assembly. This knowledge expands and contributes to professional training, with higher standards and capabilities within the industry. The study consists of the selection and design of two mechanical assemblies, one static and one mobile, in the commercial software SolidWorks and Inventor, establishing the dimensional tolerance values for each part of the assembly based on its mechanical operation to define the independent and dependent values that are necessary for tolerance analysis. An experimental design method is established, in which the design of each part, dimensions, tolerances, assembly order, etc., is the same in each CAD program, and control dimensions are established to compile the results in each of the CAT modules. Finally, the results obtained in each module are analyzed using a data analysis tool, obtaining knowledge of important data, data trends, graphs, among others, by comparing the results of each TolAnalyst (SolidWorks) and Tolerance Analysis (Inventor) module with respect to the theoretical values to determine the reliability of the analysis for each previously selected assembly and thus determine the reliability of these CAT modules.Ítem Simulación numérica de estructuras biomiméticas para la captación de agua ambiente(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Olaya Herrera, Sebastián; Rodríguez Torres, Emerson Leonardo; López Candela, William Fernando; López Candela, William Fernando [0000-0002-4775-6820]The shortage of drinking water affects millions of people, with a particular impact on rural areas of Colombia. In view of this situation, passive, low-cost, and low-maintenance solutions are explored that are capable of harnessing ambient humidity as a complementary source of water. In this context, biomimicry offers valuable references: organisms and natural surfaces that favor the formation, transport, and collection of droplets. This work investigates, through simulation in ANSYS Fluent, the behavior of bioinspired geometries—such as capillaries, edges, and perforated surfaces—to evaluate their hydrodynamic performance in condensation processes under different temperatures, relative humidities, and air velocities. This project aims to simulate, using the ANSYS Fluent software, different bioinspired geometries in order to evaluate their hydrodynamic behavior in condensation processes. The methodology was organized in several stages: theoretical review, CAD modeling, numerical simulation, and comparative analysis. First, the factors that govern nucleation, growth, and coalescence of droplets were identified, as well as the most relevant natural structures to replicate. Then, geometric models were built integrating relevant features (for example, scale changes, edges, and perforations), and were implemented in Fluent by activating heat-transfer and species-transport models, with boundary conditions representative of the environment. A parameterization strategy was employed to compare configurations and sensitivities, with mesh refinement in critical zones (orifice edge, recirculation region, and boundary layers). Based on the quantitative indicators employed—mass flow difference and liquid volume fraction—the best-performing configurations were: spine (diameter 3, scenario 9), with mass flow difference = 0.033287 and volume fraction = 0.000063163; tela 2 (scenario 3), with mass flow difference = 0.0073575 and volume fraction = 0.000031907; and capillary (diameter 1, scenario 3), with mass flow difference = 0.083538 and volume fraction = 0.000035246. Taken together, capillary D1–E3 presented the highest mass flow difference, whereas spine D3–E9 achieved the highest local liquid volume fraction; these findings allow prioritizing these geometries for experimental validation and fine adjustments in subsequent stages.Ítem Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas y la capacidad de proceso de la impresora 3D Creality Ender 3s1 pro con ABS(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rojas Tovar, Jose Alfonso; Chacón Barajas, Stiven Ronaldo; Forero Casallas, John Alejandro; Forero Casallas John Alejandro [0000-0002-5884-1350]The main objective of this project is to evaluate the quality and reliability of 3D printing using ABS on the Creality Ender-3 S1 Pro printer. To achieve this objective, it was decided to focus on manufacturability, providing an evaluation of 3D printing performance with this type of material (ABS) and the specific equipment in question.This process will be achieved as follows: a detailed analysis will be performed to assess the dimensional accuracy of the manufacturing method. Statistical indices such as Cp, Cpk, Cpm, Cpl, and Cpu will be used to obtain measurements such as manufacturing stability and repeatability. This study will identify the sources of variability in 3D printing, allowing decisions to be made when implementing parameter improvements to increase the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained. In addition, consistency over time will be evaluated, which is essential to ensure precision in the manufacturing of parts with tight tolerances, allowing conclusions to be drawn as to whether this method is applicable to the required accuracy and precision.Ítem Creación de la asignatura electiva robótica aplicada a la industria(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cristiano Castelblanco, Javier Eduardo; Guasca González, Andrés Guillermo; Guasca González, Andrés Guillermo [0000-0002-3877-7021]This proposal establishes the creation of the elective course "Industrial Applied Robotics" within the Academic Project of Industrial Mechanical Technology at Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. The course strengthens training in automation and control through the integration of robotic systems. It is structured in six thematic modules that combine theory, practice and simulation under the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach. The objective is to provide students with the skills needed to design, program and operate basic robotic cells, meeting the current demand of the local and global manufacturing industry. This document describes the curricular diagnosis, justification, theoretical foundations, design methodology and work schedule, as well as the thematic structure and feasibility of implementation.Ítem Evaluación comparativa entre automation studio y factory I/O como herramientas para la creación de gemelos digitales de la FMS HAS-200(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Bojacá Maldonado, Erik Sebastián; Rodríguez Nuncira, Marlon Camilo; Forero Casallas, John AlejandroCurrently, the industry has undergone various structural changes in the way it designs, operates, and maintains its equipment thanks to digital twins, which have emerged as one of the most transformative tools in this field, enabling real-time simulation, monitoring, and optimization of processes. These virtual replicas of physical systems have changed the way industries work, improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and minimizing risks. In this context, tools such as Automation Studio and Factory I/O have emerged as leading options for creating such digital twins. This project arises from the need to comparatively evaluate these two platforms: Automation Studio and Factory I/O, in order to determine which one offers better performance for the creation of digital twins applied to the palletizing station of the HAS-200 flexible manufacturing cell (FMS HAS-200).Ítem Desarrollo de una guía para la elaboración de planes de mantenimiento basado en la metodología RCM(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Solorza Dominguez, Jhon Nicolas; Jaramillo Cardona, Eduard Alejandro; González Colmenares, MauricioThe purpose of this work was to develop a practical guide based on the Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) methodology, aimed at optimizing preventive maintenance management in industrial environments. The methodology included an extensive literature review, the analysis of key RCM principles, including its seven fundamental questions, the structured design of the guide under a systematic approach, and its validation through feedback from maintenance professionals. As a result, the developed guide facilitates the implementation of preventive maintenance plans across various industrial contexts, providing a clear, adaptable, and operationally relevant framework. Validation through expert surveys demonstrated that the guide is pertinent, technically consistent, and suitable for professional application. In conclusion, this work achieved its main objective of translating RCM theoretical principles into a practical and applicable tool. This technical document, grounded in international standards such as ISO 14224 and SAE JA1011, establishes a methodological framework that enhances traceability, operational reliability, and alignment with the strategic goals of organizations.Ítem Micromodelamiento del comportamiento mecánico de un acero doble fase empleando el modelo GTN(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Hurtado Morales, Manuel Arturo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos Arturo; Bohórquez Ávila Carlos Arturo [0000-0001-7479-9933]In this paper, a dual-phase steel is micromodeled and its mechanical behavior is studied using the GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) failure model to predict porosity damage in the ductile phases in response to mechanical loading. The microstructure is generated using Neper software, which facilitates the creation of a polycrystal using statistical distributions in Voronoi tessellations. Based on data from the literature on dual-phase materials, a detailed representation of the phases present in the alloy is created. Once the microstructure is defined, the material is characterized in each of its phases using Ansys APDL software. This analysis focuses on adjusting the model parameters to accurately represent the mechanical behavior of the phases, comparing the values used by different authors in their studies on the Gurson model, as well as selecting an optimal element size, taking into account the sensitivity of the generated model to mesh variation. To represent the overall behavior of the steel under loading conditions, the generated geometry is subjected to a variable pressure, recording data related to stress, strain, and void volume percentage. A graphical representation of the results is then performed, allowing a visualization of the damage evolution as a function of the applied load and a variation analysis to determine the influence of the loading direction. Finally, the results obtained were compared with the experimental values reported in the literature. The conclusions indicated that the model was not the most optimal for predicting damage under the loading conditions studied, as the relative error obtained was greater than expected. This suggests that, although the model is useful for simulating certain aspects of the material's behavior, it does not accurately reflect damage evolution in all cases. However, despite these limitations, the micromodeling approach using the GTN model provided a reasonable representation of the behavior of dual-phase steel and opened the door for future research to optimize the representation of this kind of material.Ítem Proceso de estructuración de las actividades del área de diseño en la empresa Frinox ingenieria S.A.S.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Castro López David Esteaban, David; Gonzáles Colmenares, MauricioThis work consists of the restructuring and implementation of the fundamental guidelines that serve as a standard for the production processes at Frinox Ingeniería S.A.S. This initiative arises because the design department lacks a defined procedure for several stages of the process—an issue that has occurred repeatedly within the company and currently causes delays, rework, and complications in the development of the various projects and products manufactured. This shortcoming also directly affects other areas of the production process, such as the warehouse, purchasing department, and mainly the company’s production area. Therefore, addressing this issue is considered of vital importance for the design department, in order to ensure that all products and projects are properly defined. Furthermore, standardizing the design process aims to restructure the different stages involved. This is achieved through the formulation, documentation, organization, and evaluation of the tasks carried out in the design of the products and projects developed by the company. The implemented standard enables a methodological, efficient, and effective approach to the execution of tasks, documents, and evaluations, ensuring improvements in both product manufacturing and project execution within the company. Finally, a standard design model was developed to adapt to the wide variety of projects managed by the company. It was deemed necessary to classify and group the products most frequently developed. Therefore, by describing these products and considering the established classification, the different stages and tasks to be performed in the design process—including their validation—were defined, resulting in a design standard tailored to the company’s specific needs.Ítem Relación entre cambios microestructurales y de dureza a un acero AISI SAE 4340 aplicando ensayo Jominy y tratamiento de revenido a diferentes temperaturas(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Barriga González , Abraham Enrique; Herrera Sánchez, Michael Daniel; Correa Murillo, Luis HernandoThis thesis aims to study the relationship between changes in the microstructure and hardness values of AISI SAE 4340 steel using the Jominy test, starting with total austenitization and subjecting it to tempering at different temperatures (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500°C). The objective is to identify the characteristics of the phases present in the microstructures that determine the variation in the steel's hardness values. The Jominy test will be performed using six specimens, each 25 mm in diameter and 100 mm long, in accordance with ASTM A255. The specimens will be subjected to an austenitization temperature of 850°C for hardening, following the procedure indicated in the standard. Tempering heat treatments will then be applied at different temperatures, and Rockwell hardness (HRC) testing will be performed to evaluate the variation in hardness and analyze the effects of each treatment on the microstructure.Ítem Evaluación del desempeño de un sistema de refrigeración de aire basado en una celda de Peltier, un intercambiador de calor de un paso con fluido en fase líquida y una placa con aletas(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Culma Ortiz, Sergio Esteban; Romero Ariza, Carlos AndrésThis research project presents a comprehensive analysis of the performance and thermal behavior of a thermoelectric refrigeration device under specific heat exchange conditions, such as liquid cooling. The motivation behind its development stems from the limited research available on the thermodynamics involved in the operation of these systems, which are typically analyzed in environments with low-quality heat transfer—either due to the materials employed or the heat exchange mechanisms used.Ítem Rediseño de la metodología para la obtención de datos para el cálculo y análisis de los indicadores de mantenimiento MTBF, MTTR, Tasa de falla y Confiabilidad(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Toloza Daza, Paula Yulieth; Alvarado Moreno, AlexanderEfficient management of industrial maintenance is a key factor in ensuring the availability, reliability, and productivity of equipment in organizations. In this context, the use of indicators such as MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures), MTTR (Mean Time to Repair), Failure Rate, and Reliability, allows for valuable quantitative information to be obtained about the performance of maintenance processes. However, the accuracy and usefulness of these indicators depend directly on the quality of the data collected and the methodology used for their calculation and analysis. The purpose of this proposal is to redesign the data collection and analysis methodology for these indicators, with the goal of improving decision-making within the maintenance area. To achieve this, the development of tools that allow for structured information management is proposed, as well as the incorporation of failure analysis through the creation of an AMEF (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) document.Ítem Caracterización de la dureza superficial de piezas obtenidas por Estereolitografía (SLA) en resina con adición de polvos de mica(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pulecio Villalba, Yordan Esteban; Suárez Martínez, Camilo Andrés; Velasco Peña, Marco Antonio; Velasco Peña Marco Antonio [0000-0003-4436-9443]This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mica pigments on the mechanical properties and surface hardness of photopolymer resins used in stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. Specifically, the study characterized the surface hardness of the resulting parts and examined the effect of mica pigments on the resin's mechanical properties. Resin mixtures containing mica pigments were prepared in three colors: yellow, red, and blue, at concentrations of 0%, 0.025%, and 0.05% by weight. The evaluated properties included Shore D hardness (ASTM D2240-15) and tensile strength (ASTM D638-14). A completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was employed while keeping the layer height, platform speed, and UV exposure time constant. The obtained data were processed using ANOVA and linear regression models with statistical analysis software. This study provides criteria for optimizing SLA printing formulations and suggests that future work use pigment concentrations below 1% or explore alternatives, such as liquid-based pigments. The experimental results and regression models obtained are useful for designing pigmented formulations for applications requiring dimensional control and structural strength.Ítem Optimización de las juntas rotativas en la secadora de café de DESCAFECOL para incrementar la eficiencia y confiabilidad del proceso(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Castro Londoño, Alejandro; Sánchez Pineda, Yohan Estiven; Guasca González, Andrés Guillermo; Guasca González, Andrés Guillermo [0000-0002-3877-7021]This thesis presents the redesign of rotary joints in Descafecol’s coffee dryer, aiming to improve alignment, reduce steam leakage, and enhance the reliability of the thermal process. The proposed design includes a longer shaft, a secondary guide, and improved surface finishes, along with a material comparison for the sealing seat between stainless steel and nodular cast iron. Field tests demonstrated a 68% reduction in leakage and extended service life, validating the impact of applied engineering in agroindustrial contexts.Ítem Análisis por elementos finitos del comportamiento estructural y térmico para la validación del diseño de un horno complex de la empresa AGP S.A(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Morales Moreno, Karen Stefania; Cumbe Sánchez, Juan Sebastián; Álvarado Moreno, AlexanderThe aim of this project is to carry out an analysis of the structure of the Complex furnace, covering both the study of stresses and deformations and a detailed thermal simulation. With the support of information provided by AGP, the aim is to validate the furnace structure so that it can efficiently withstand loads and deformations under thermal operating conditions. The structural analysis will evaluate the stresses and deformations with triangular profiles, in V and in I, determining whether the structure supports the maximum operating weight to which it is subjected. In addition, a thermal simulation will be carried out to analyse heat loss, particularly in the area of the capsule where the glass is bent. The furnace, built with HR (high strength) material in accordance with ASTM 136 and ceramic frames on the rails, has been designed with materials that meet the required technical and safety standards. On the basis of these analyses, the structure and/or materials already selected will be approved to validate the furnace design. The results are expected to identify potential weaknesses in the structure in case of design errors and provide recommendations that will improve the strength and design of the Complex furnace under harsh operating conditions.Ítem Ensayo Jominy desde temperaturas intercriticas en aceros 4140 y 8620(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Herreño Alfonso, Andrés Fernando; González Martínez, Jeysson Hernando; Correa Murillo, Luis HernandoThis project aims to analyze the microstructure behavior of 4140 and 8620 steels after heat treatment. Specimens of each steel will be manufactured according to ASTM A255 using the Jominy method, and then heat treated with intercritical temperatures. Hardness data and microstructure formation will be verified for each specimen. To observe the microstructure formation of each specimen and steel in detail, a metallographic procedure will be performed along the length of each specimen. Finally, any changes found along the length of each specimen, changes that may occur after applying each intercritical temperature, will be observed and documented.