Ingeniería Mecánica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1908
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Ítem Acceso remoto para el control de variables de un intercambiador de calor de banco y tubosMuñoz Beltrán, David Leonardo; Moreno Matiz, Maryam Melissa; Arias Henao, Camilo Andrés; Arias Henao, Camilo Andrés [0000-0002-8846-2984]Due to the need to implement virtuality in education to carry out laboratory practices during the year 2020, the control and visualization of data of a co-temporary project of design of a bench and tube heat exchanger was developed; the physical structure will be made available to the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, technological campus and although it will be possible to carry out face-to-face practices it also has access through virtual control, using software for remote connection to the computer, so now any student, no matter where they are or the mobile device they own, be it a computer, tablet or cell phone, can now do their internship in the area of thermal sciences, in conditions and with real instruments, collecting the data obtained, thanks to the interface created in LabVIEW with connection to Arduino; which only requires an internet connection and a remote access program like AnyDesk.Ítem Actualización del plan De Gestión Integral Residuos Peligrosos de la Empresa Claro, Aplicando los Componentes de la Logística InversaSegura Rodriguez, Freddy; Rojas Tovar, Alejandro; Parra Campos, Jose Julian; Guerrero Salas, HumebrtoThis document attempts to update the management comprehensive Plan of conventional solid waste and hazardous waste from the enterprise course including procedures, records and applying the reverse logistics components with respect to the handling, use, storage and disposal of hazardous waste that make up certain elements or parts of equipment containing rooms technicians of telecommunications operation or components also called unidirectional headwaters of television of some rural populations of the company Claro solutions fixed, postulating a few guidelines as the basis for an environmental policy, complying with regulations, local, regional, national and global.Ítem Admisión, permanencia y graduación de las mujeres en el proyecto curricular de mecánica en la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas en Bogotá D.C.Rubio Valbuena, María Paulina; Acuña Hereira, Yisselle IndiraCurrently, there is an international and national search, by different entities, for gender equality in admission to higher education, however, there remains a "gap" due to myths, images or ideas commonly accepted by society that contribute to that the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics careers - STEM careers, have a low percentage of participation of the female gender. Globally speaking, in higher education, only 35% of students enrolled in STEM-related careers are women (UNESCO, 2017) and particularly the enrollment in engineering, manufacturing and construction is 8%. (Unesco Bangkok Regional Office of Education for Asia and the Pacific, 2017). In addition to the above, in Colombia, between 2001 and 2018, 3 out of 10 graduates in technical, technological and university STEM majors were women (Patiño, 2020), in this same sense, in recent figures provided by the Ministry of Education It is shown that the percentage of female enrollments in higher education in Mechanical Engineering and the like is only 9% (Gender Identities Approach for Inclusive Higher Education Policy Guidelines, 2016). In the local Colombian context and of the Capital District, Bogotá, is the Francisco José de Caldas District University - UDFJC, this has the Technological Faculty - FT where a modality of training of engineers is offered by levels that requires for their entry to possess the title of technologist. It is in this faculty where the curricular project of Mechanical Technology - TM and Mechanical Engineering - IM is located. These were created from the years 1994 and 1998, respectively. Since 2017, there is a qualified registry for the Mechanical Engineering program articulated by preparatory levels with Technology in Industrial Mechanics - TMI. Now, on average, for the periods between 2016 and 2019, only 10.9% and 7.8% of students who entered Industrial Mechanical Technology and Mechanical Engineering, respectively, were women (Francisco José de Caldas District University, Proyecto Mechanical Technology Curriculum, Technological Faculty, 2020) Although this quantitative information on the percentage of income is available for said period, there is not ample and concise information regarding the admission, permanence and graduation of women at the levels of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical and Industrial Mechanics Technologies, over time. Given this situation, what this project is about is to characterize these aspects of admission, permanence, desertion and graduation of the female gender, at the levels and mentioned university, based on the search, location, classification and systematization of databases collected from sources from the District University in order to take the first step to generate strategies on how to increase diversity in terms of gender in the TM, TMI and IM curricular project at UDFJC, FT.Ítem Análisis de características de modos de operación en bombas centrífugas.Sanchez Sanchez, Jesus Samuel; Torres Rativa, Cristian Alejandro; HURTADO CORTES, LUINI LEONARDOThe present work has the purpose of showing the analysis of the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the main failure modes, the components that are affected and can generate one failure or another, all this to be later analyzed by the software. Initially, the theoretical and conceptual foundation of the central element of the work, the centrifugal pumps, their operation and structure, components and functionality in the system of which they are part, main applications and uses that are given industrially and of course, not less will be delved into. importantly, their failure modes, causes that cause them and the elements involved in them, as well as the computer tools that will be used later, their characteristics and functions. Then the treatment of the data obtained from the centrifugal pump to work is carried out, these data must be organized and arranged in such a way that they can be processed by the software used, data previously selected from pumps with a certain number of failures will be imported, extracted for another number of experiments that will shape the data matrix that will be worked on. Finally, a model will be used that allows the extraction of the characteristics, using condition indicators that belong to different domains that, through a tool selection process, allow obtaining results to analyze and thus determine causes of failures and related elements that affect them provoke.Ítem Análisis de eficiencia energética para un horno monoestrato de cocción de losas cerámicasMorales Ruiz, Juan Miguel; Maldonado Valencia, Juan Esteban; Arias Henao, Camilo Andrés; 0000-0002-8846-2984; Arias Henao, Camilo Andrés [0000-0002-8846-2984]The energy consumption of a ceramic tile firing process is considerably high and in different firing techniques, it is not clear how the energy investment is divided to achieve a certain manufacturing goal. The analysis described in this document allows us to understand the energy behavior of a ceramic tile firing kiln. For this purpose, the main zones of the kiln must be identified and thermodynamic variables must be identified using a system to determine whether they are energy input or output values, characterizing the losses. The entire analysis focuses on the thermal variables of the process, establishing mainly mass flows of air, fuel, product for firing, heat energy transfers to and from the system and the environment. Finally, based on different measurements, variables are calculated and different heat transfer ratios are identified, recognizing maximum and minimum results. Based on this study, the efficiency of each zone of the kiln and the overall efficiency are evaluated. This will allow for proposals to be considered that open up new lines of research focused on controlling losses or utilizing the energy that is not fully consumed in the process.Ítem Análisis de falla asociado a un eje de un sistema de bombeo electrosumergible para el levantamiento de hidrocarburosRamos Rojas, Daniel Esteban; Doria Rivera, Jonny Andrey; Alvarado Moreno, AlexanderThe importance of oil over time has been dimmed due to the implementation of various other renewable energy systems, but it is still considered a fundamental energy product and will remain so until renewable energy reaches its full peak. Worldwide. Fossil fuel provides a high percentage of the energy generated in Colombia, and is the main sector on which the country's economy depends. The development and obtaining of this is essential for use in daily life, from fuel for transport vehicles with combustion engines, to obtaining domestic elements such as plastic and natural gas. There are different ways to obtain this raw material, one of them is artificial lifting, which consists of implementing mechanical aids to ensure that the crude oil reaches the surface. A failure of these components is lethal, since they generate high-value cost overruns, because production stops, specialized equipment is needed to carry out the Pull-in (return to the surface), additional costs in transportation, repairs, and must add payment for guarantees for all non-productive time (No Production Time NPT), which is why ways to avoid component failures must be sought as much as possible. This is why it is important to review the failures, analyze and disclose the root cause in order to determine an appropriate solution and a justified cause, seeking to mitigate NPT as little as possible, managing to reduce costs and repairs. unnecessary, and thus giving reliability to customers and generating loyalty to the company's products due to their good quality. So, in search of achieving these objectives, a recognition of particular failures was developed at the Alkhorayef Petroleum company, where a common failure 13 was found , which consists of the sudden rupture of axles, a specific case was the discovery of a failure in the intake system (gas separator), where the root cause of failure is not known, but it did impact costs. Likewise, continuous failures were evident in protector axes at the same point, for this reason, it is necessary to carry out the respective analysis of the probable failure and provide a possible solution to them. During the development of this document, different types of tests will be carried out using the resources that are available (scanning electron microscope, metallographic tests, ink tests, radiographs, ultrasound, non-destructive tests, etc.). analysis based on the results, a possible root cause of what happened will be provided, attaching conclusions and recommendations to avoid the continuity of failures for this same reason.Ítem Análisis de la influencia de la cementación en el tratamiento térmico de temple desde temperaturas intercríticas y revenido en un acero AISI/SAE 8620Piñeros Torres, Jainer Santiago; Porras Moreno, William Hernando; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoAbstract— This article shows the influence of the cementaation an AISI 8620 heating treated to achieve new mechanical properties, which are used in the industrial field and various applications. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of cementation in heat treatment and quenching from intercritical annealing temperatures in an AISI 8620 steel in it´s tensile mechanical properties, hardness and their microstructures identified in various processes, performed in this study, currently there haven´t been enough studies in a local level, to obtain this steel with different characteristics to include more applications industry.Ítem Análisis de la influencia de los parámetros de corte en La rugosidad superficial de un Acero AISI 1045 templado desde temperaturas intercríticas y revenido.Gutiérrez Bermúdez, Oscar Yesid; Gutiérrez Quintero, Cristian Camilo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis article, about of the influence of the cutting parameters in the surface roughness of a steel AISI 1045 hardening and tempering. It is shown what are dual phase steels and their implementation in the industry, along with a theoretical framework. Then, is shown the cutting parameters to be reckoned with. Following this, is shown a design of experiments conducted for obtaining the number of specimens and tests. Later, it recounted how the tests were performed, both steel without receiving any treatment and the steel hardened and tempered with the data collection of the machined specimens. At the end you will find all the analysis and conclusions regarding the variation of roughness depending on the cutting parameters and the type of heat treatment used, together with a financial assessment.Ítem Análisis de la Resistencia a la tensión y dureza de un acero SAE 1045 sometido a diferentes tratamientos térmicos: temple, criogenia y revenido a 400 ºCAlfonso Guzmán, Nicolás; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoCryogenics is the method par excellence used industrially for Different materials at temperatures close to -170ºC producing Change in microstructure not observable at other temperatures. It is well known that metals exposed to high temperatures vary Its physical and mechanical properties; Knowledge is relatively inferior Of the variation of such properties at temperatures below 0, and more specifically less than 100K. To eliminate such a gap, in the university Francisco José de Caldas faculty Technological studies have been carried out on the subject of Cryogenics, showing different types of trials. To continue said Research, the present work aims to show the change of properties Physical and mechanical properties of the cryogenic steel and bringing it to Less than 100 K.Ítem Análisis de las diferencias entre la tensión de un Acero ASTM 572 habitual y sometido a los tratamientos térmicos de criogenia temple y revenido a altas temperaturasHerrera Bernal, Jefferson Leandro; Bohorquez Avila, Carlos ArturoIt is intended to incite, with the present work of degree, the need to look for determined properties in steels, especially of A572 steel, agreeing to favor the improvement of the deep cryogenization technique as a heat treatment, since it is a technology that is currently in constant development, thus offering a variety of possibilities to achieve constant development and innovation for metals. This has shown an improvement in the mechanical properties for metals, this is the reason why it is becoming a thermal treatment of high demand for the industry. Additionally, the market is crossing borders, expanding the use of this technology throughout the world as a method to preserve organic samples, therefore the manufacture of these equipment is on the rise and likewise, the need to improve their performance in terms of mechanical properties refers to this increase, adapt and improve these equipment makes it work very well in adverse conditionsÍtem Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de tensión, tenacidad y dureza de un acero SAE 1045 mediante los procesos de tratamiento térmico de temple, criogenia y revenidoPinzón, William Alexander; Ramos Rosero, Gustavo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoPurchased the material was commanded to machine according to standards on which we base, then the heat treatments were performed to then do the tests as tension impact and tenacity for the last to do our analysis of results.Ítem Análisis de los mecanismos que intervienen en la microestructura de un acero inoxidable AISI/SAE 304 sometido a deformación plástica severa (SPD) y en la variación de su microdureza.Galindo Cañon, Leidy Tatiana; Rodríguez Espitia, Cristian Orlando; Correa Murillo, Luis HernandoIn this degree work, the aim is to carry out an analysis based on previous studies on the behavior of AISI / SAE 304 stainless steel when it is subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, in order to investigate what mechanisms influence the the plastic deformation of these steels, what impact this process has on the properties of the material and how it behaves with its new condition, all this from the analysis of the microstructures obtained after the cold deformation process applied, the grain sizes that were acquired and the microhardnesses obtained.Ítem Análisis de viabilidad para la producción de biodiesel en Colombia a partir de pongamia pinnataGarnica Castro, Carlos Antonio; López Martínez, Germán ArturoIn the present work a review of the relevant bibliography is made regarding the production process of Biodiesel from Pongamia Pinnata. The plant is described, from the conditions required for its growth to the by-products that can be obtained in addition to the production of biodiesel. The ponemia is compared with palm oil, since it is the main base of biodiesel production currently in the country. The existing norms in the Colombian legislation are evaluated in order to land the experiences of other countries to the National reality.Ítem Análisis metalográfico en Matlab a través de la herramienta SVM con enfoque estadísticoSalamanca Ramírez, Yeferson Alexis; Correa Murillo, Luis HernandoThe following document will present the results obtained after apply the SVM tool in Matlab and be able to quantify the amount of pearlite and ferrite in a metallographic image through the reading of images by means of the software. The chosen steel is SAE 1045 in its commercial state, this image metallographic is subjected to different thresholds to determine its properties and after this the statistical study is carried out. On the other hand, the SVM application was used for three metallographic images, as well as that in the previous section SAE 1045 steel was used to describe its behaviour. The values obtained when applying SVM seeks to have an approach of this tool for further investigation.Ítem Análisis Microestructural de los Aceros Inoxidables Aisi 316, 420 Y 430 Utilizando la Técnica de Metalografía a ColorHernandez Rodriguez, Laura viviana; Romero Muñoz, Daniel Alberto; Correa Murillo, Luis HernandoThe demand and interest in the alloys leads to permanent improvement and optimization techniques metallographic characterization, because this allows for a quality control in materials and is a great tool for new metallurgical investigations. Metallography color allows identification and quantification, by the color contrast, several phases and constituents present in the microstructure of a wide variety of alloys. It is a technique that has been employed for several years in order to facilitate achieving recognition microstructural extract more information from it. During the development of this project takes aim metallographic study color for stainless steels 316, 420 and 430 in a detailed and comparative manner with traditional processes (based on image processing to gray levels where chromatic reflectivity is lost) because a technique is little used or addressed in the study of materials.Ítem Análisis microestructural del tratamiento termoquímico de cementación y temple a temperaturas intercríticas, con revenido posterior, en un acero 1020.Rodríguez Peña, Miguel Ángel; Ramírez Cortés, Christian Camilo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThe present document aims to show the results of a research in which a microstructural characterization of an AISI 1020 steel has been carried out. This steel has previously gone through to a carburizing treatment with a subsequent water quenching. After this, the steel has been submitted to an annealing process at a temperature of 390°C through three different amounts of time: 5, 10 and 15 minutes, being quenched in water afterwards. The aim of this research is to evaluate the microstructural behavior of the base material with the treatment of cementation and tempering at intercritical temperatures, since these are not commonly used in the industry when carrying out such treatments, and the effect of different annealing times using the temperature obtained by calculating a martensite start temperature (Ms). In order to achieve these objectives, after the previous thermal treatments, the samples of treated steel are analyzed microstructurally with a metallographic microscope and this study is complemented with the use of electronic scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the hardness profiles of each one of the samples will be evaluated from the outer edge towards the center, taking into account the phase change of the material after being exposed to the carbon. Finally, the obtained microstructures and the percentage of carbon present in each of them will be analyzed.Ítem Análisis por elementos finitos de la respuesta de estructuras auxeticas hexaquirales y re-entrantes con coeficiente de Poisson Negativo Bajo Carga Uniaxial en el plano XyBaron Cangrejo, Daniel Alberto; Bohorquez Avila, Carlos ArturoDifferent types of deformable structures with negative coefficient of Poisson, called auxetic structures, have been presented in recent years as an interesting alternative for the industrial, automotive and aerospace sectors as well as for the manufacture of structural, optical, acoustic components, bio-mechanical and thermomechanical. These structures are characterized by high shear, allowing considerable deformation and a low relative density. In this study a computational analysis is performed by the finite element method in the application Ansys Workbench, the elastic behavior of auxetic structures Hexaquirales and Re-entrant with negative coefficient of Poisson in the plane under uniaxial load, by varying the geometry of each structure is to establish the best relationship between topology and deformation for each model, as well as a comparative framework in the responses of the two types of structures. The results show that the mechanical behavior of each structure depends largely on the geometric shape and the type of structure that is. Thus, design parameters using models for future applications auxetic considering its geometric constraints and performance are offered.Ítem Análisis transitorio de un distrito térmico, caso de estudio "la Babilla del Malecón".López Pérez, Gabi Daniela; Arias Henao, Camilo AndrésThe following work presents the development of a thermal-energy simulation using the TRNSYS 17 software for the proposal of the thermal district to be developed in the city of Barranquilla, the project entitled "La babilla del Malecón" was designed by a group of researchers from the energy seedbed of the District University and presented in the first phase of the Thermal Districts contest in Colombia carried out in 2019. It describes the scope, operation and components that make up the simulation, a detailed description of each one of the thermodynamic cycles used and the parameters that were required to execute the adequate simulation with the elements of the system. This work will be developed, through the academic license provided by the District University for the use of the Trnsys 17 software, it is provided to the author with a purely academic focus and in favor of the generation of academic productions in the line of energy and research through simulation with computational tools.Ítem Análisis y optimizacion aerodinámica del prototipo de turbina eólica tipo savonius implementado en la facultad tecnológicaAvila Herrera, Juan Camilo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoWind energy is a great source of clean energy available for consumption, which can be used by people who have difficulties accessing electricity networks as well as by people who have the space available for their implementation . Since the air currents are intermittent and do not have the required power in many cases, this type of energy can present great problems of instability and inefficiency, which raises the need to make the most of the air flows available to the region in which you want to implement these types of systems. Thanks to the aerodynamic optimization of the alabe - structure of the electric generators, the energy efficiency of the same can be increased. This project focuses on the Savonius-type wind turbine built and implemented at the District University.Ítem Análisis y optimización paramétrica de la estructura de Izaje y chasis de semirremolque de la unidad móvil ApuAguilar Montilla, Robert Armando; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThe expectations for the development of new products applied to the oil industry in Colombia have led to the design and manufacture of mobile units for specific jobs within the system, for this reason the company Axure Technologies making use of its projection generates the APU mobile unit in the which is integrated services rendered to oil exploration companies, this product was designed on a standard industrial base which consists of a trailer cargo semi-trailer with lifting structure to be moved by a truck with two or three axles, resulting in a unit with comfortable areas for use in camps and locations as a result of its marketing it is necessary to optimize resources for its manufacture and mobilization, this need is addressed in the following work which consists of the parametric optimization of the chassis and its structure of lifting using technologies l existing impias such as the analysis by finite elements and the office tools available for this purpose, Ansys software will be used to model a system that represents the behavior of the system in its load states in mobilization and in the process of hoisting within an oil location parameterizing the variables that most affect the contribution in mass to the whole, achieving an iterative optimization process of said parameters to finally determine the configuration of the design that meets the initial requirements for this product, guaranteeing the reduction of raw material costs in compliance with the minimum safety factor established.