Caracterización de las propiedades mecánicas a tensión y compresión del filamento pla madera para la obtención de piezas mediante impresión 3D

Abstract

In the current context of increasing demand for sustainable materials and the search for alternatives to traditional plastics, research on biodegradable composites for additive manufacturing has gained significant relevance. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources, has emerged as a popular option in 3D printing. However, its mechanical properties may limit its application in certain areas. To address this limitation, the incorporation of recycled wood into PLA has been proposed as a promising solution. This approach aims not only to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials but also to reduce environmental impact by utilizing recycled materials. The combination of PLA with recycled wood can result in composites that are more durable, lightweight, and rigid, thereby expanding their range of applications in 3D printing. The overall goal of the research is to evaluate the potential of PLA combined with recycled wood as a material for 3D printing, focusing on the characterization of its mechanical properties in tension and compression. To achieve this, the research is based on several fundamental aspects, including the study of the mechanical properties of pure PLA, the selection of the printer capable of using this filament, and the configuration parameters in 3D printing. Specifically, existing literature on PLA behavior under tension and compression, the influence of different types of fillers in 3D printing, ASTM standards such as ASTM D638 for tensile tests and ASTM D695 for compression tests is reviewed. Finally, samples are prepared by designing and fabricating standardized test specimens according to ASTM standards, and 3D printing of the specimens is carried out by varying the printing parameters according to the experimental design. Mechanical tests are conducted using the machine universal Testing Machine WDW-10 recording the force and deformation data for each test. The results obtained are statistically analyzed to compare the mechanical properties of the different samples and thus identify the relationship between the printing parameters and the mechanical properties. It is expected that the results of this research will allow to characterize the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of PLA combined with wood, identify the most effective printing parameters, and evaluate the potential of the composite material.