Maestría en Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/22
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Ítem Modelo de aprovechamiento sustentable para los residuos sólidos orgánicos generados en Bogotá D.C., involucrando organizaciones de recicladores de oficioSandoval Duarte , Ángela Sandoval; Rodríguez Miranda , Juan PabloThis research proposes a model for the sustainable use of organic solid waste generated in Bogotá, with the involvement of professional recycling organizations. The model’s construction was based on the characterization of the city’s public sanitation service and relevant international case studies. These served as references to identify key technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, which were used to create the theoretical model and develop strategies for its implementation. One of the strategies consisted of developing an integrated management plan for solid organic waste generated in households that included: awareness-raising, separation at the source, selective collection, transportation and use of composting and vermiculture systems. Another strategy was the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to generate a priority management zoning proposal for organic waste generated at the locality level, as well as the generation of some strategies for the commercialization of products derived from the transformation processes in the utilization plants. A pilot test of the model was conducted in four neighborhoods near the Doña Juana landfill, involving 200 families and a recycling organization. During this test, the families’ and recyclers’ responses to the model were evaluated. With this information, the initial theoretical model was adjusted, and scenarios were developed for its implementation, as well as the generation of a proposal for a tariff framework for the use of organic waste by professional recyclers.Ítem Evaluación de macrófitas como bioindicadores de la contaminación por metales pesados en el RDH Capellanía, Bogotá – ColombiaGalindo Acuña, Luis Alberto; Córdoba Sánchez, Mireya Patricia; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0678-7323Heavy metal pollution is an environmental issue due to its persistence, non-degradability, and toxicity to living organisms. Bioindication is one of the recommended methods as it provides information not only on the pollution level but also on the bioavailability of elements and their biological impact. This study aims to assess the ability of Schoenoplectus californicus (commonly known as Bulrush) to accumulate heavy metals in the Capellanía wetland and to establish its capacity as a bioindicador acumulativo of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) contamination. To achieve this, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were determined. Data were collected in triplicate for sediment, roots, and stems matrices at three different sites within the wetland. Results revealed that the Bulrush exhibits higher metal accumulation in the roots followed by the stems, and the quantifications in the plant are related to the values found in the sediments. A significant accumulation of Cr, Ni, and Pb in the roots was observed, with BCF values exceeding 1.00 at site three. However, the Translocation values for Cr, Ni, and Pb in the plant were below 1.00, suggesting a restriction of these metals in the roots and limited translocation to other parts of the plant. For As, Cd, and Hg, no presence was detected as their values were below the detection limit. This indicates that the Bulrush plays an important role as an effective macrophyte for phytoremediation and phytostabilization of some heavy metals.Ítem Índice socioambiental de la calidad del agua para consumo humano en fuentes subterráneas rurales, Cota Cundinamarca (Colombia)Fiquitiva Sierra, Andrea Carolina; Gamboa Castellanos , Miguel Ángel; Fiquitiva Sierra, Andrea Carolina [0009-0007-3315-5091]Water sources have historically been one of the bases for the development of the human population. Since ancient times, human settlements have been located near riverbeds for the development of various activities, such as livestock, agriculture, and communication. The general objective of this work was to develop a socio-environmental index to evaluate the conditions of water quality in underground supply sources in rural areas of the municipality of Cota, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The research question focuses on: What are the social and environmental analysis indicators and criteria that can improve the evaluation of water quality through the development of a socio-environmental index in the rural area of the municipality of Cota? Physicochemical parameters such as iron and turbidity were identified, which were outside the regulatory ranges, possibly due to deficiencies in the treatment systems, the lack of sewage and the inadequate disposal of wastewater, which contribute to water pollution. The index construction process was divided into three stages. The first consisted of the recognition and compilation of information in the literature about the most used indicators in the evaluation of water quality, followed by validation through semi-structured surveys that are applied in the rural area of Cota, specifically related to water sources. underground. The second stage consisted of the selection of socio-environmental indicators using an already established methodology, combined with the Delphi method and the applicability of the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP). Subsequently, information from public entities in Cota was incorporated to improve the applicability of the index. In the third stage, the data obtained from the selected indicators are quantitatively related, assigning them relative weights. An equation for the index is proposed, and the physicochemical parameters of water quality are selected. Scales were established that allowed evaluating the human impact on the municipality's underground water sources in rural areas, showing that quality of life indicators have a high impact for the municipality.Ítem Modelo para la predicción del riesgo por inundaciones en Bogotá D.D., mediante la simulación de escenarios hidrometeorológicosAcero Cifuentes, Carolina; Hernández Peña, Yolanda Teresa; Hernández Peña, Yolanda Teresa [0000-0002-2846-7273]For the city of Bogotá D.C. The development of a flood risk model with the conditions and characteristics of the area is not evident. Where, the risk of flooding associated with phenomena of hydrometeorological origin is predicted, however, the localities in the studies carried out by the local risk management and climate change councils characterize different risks, but have not carried out the simulation of these, for Therefore, residents do not know when they could anticipate a risk of flooding and the conditions that make them vulnerable, to take preventive actions, avoiding great economic losses and human lives. The research seeks to generate different projections of these scenarios through the model and simulation, to evaluate the possible effects of climate variability, establish vulnerable areas and anticipate the city of Bogotá D.C. in the face of the climate risk of flooding planned for the year 2040.Ítem Modelo de evaluación de sustentabilidad de la estrategia de sustitución de cultivos ilícitos como pilar en la política pública antidrogas de ColombiaCastelblanco Moreno, Gloria Alejandra; Caicedo Cuervo, Carlos JorgeThis research explores the circumstances and intricacies of the illicit crop substitution strategy as a cornerstone of Colombia's public anti-drug policy, through the study, adaptation, and application of an evaluation model that analyzes the sustainability of said strategy from a qualitative approach. Thus, a systematic literature review is conducted regarding public policies aimed at managing the phenomenon of illicit crops during the period from 2011 to 2022, to identify trends, approaches, instruments, and principles upon which they are built. A statistical method of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is applied as an intermediate treatment to recognize grouping patterns and factorial planes arising from their relationships, leading to a cluster analysis. Subsequently, based on this relational analysis, a list of variables corresponding to the criteria detected in the systematic review and their statistical examination is consolidated, forming the key input for the adaptation of the sustainability evaluation model based on the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) tool designed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), criteria addressed in the Global Drug Policy Index (GDPI) (Bewley-Taylor and Wall, 2021), and the principles of the International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC) (IDPC, 2016). The adaptation of the evaluation model is validated through a panel of 16 experts, endorsing 75 criteria as relevant assessment aspects within the framework of the illicit crop substitution strategy, leading to the evaluation phase, where the substitution of illicit crops is addressed through the dimensions of Good Governance, Environmental Integrity, Economic Resilience, and Social Well-being. This corresponds to a qualitative analysis that highlights the limited performance of the illicit crop substitution strategy since its implementation, from a sustainability perspective.Ítem Modelo de caracterización y focalización del espacio público desde el enfoque de ciudad sustentable e inteligente. Caso Bogotá(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Parra Pulio, Roger Alejandro; Hernández Peña, Yolanda Teresa; Hernández Peña, Yolanda Teresa [0000-0002-2846-7273]This research proposes to identify, through spatial indicators, intervention and prioritization zones to transform the city of Bogota into a sustainable and intelligent city in the future. The study is based on the selection and analysis of concepts of possible city models that incorporate resilient, environmental and social conditions, among other characteristics. Finally, two avant-garde approaches are integrated: smart cities and sustainable cities, in a single city model. Subsequently, a review and selection of indicators and relevant variables for a city to be considered sustainable and smart in terms of its Pedestrian Public Space was carried out. A total of seven indicators were selected. Once defined, these indicators were diagnosed in the city of Bogotá, incorporating a spatial component that made it possible to categorize the city's zones according to the selected indicators. Based on this diagnosis, an index was constructed that combines the spatial component, which made it possible to prioritize the areas that require urgent intervention in the short term, in order to initiate the transformation of the city toward a sustainable and intelligent model. The final chapter presents a short-term scenario through the materialization of the spatial prioritization model, which would positively influence the transformation of Bogota into a sustainable and intelligent city, specifically in the variables and indicators that require urgent intervention. This analysis reveals that the main problems are found in the peripheral areas of the city, with Suba, Usaquén, Usme and Ciudad Bolívar being the localities with the greatest urgency for intervention. The proposed research offers an alternative to analyze and propose different city models, such as resilient cities and green cities, in aspects such as security, health, recreation, sports and culture. The development of research in this field and methodology will allow the elaboration of more objective and accurate development plans, as well as the implementation of policies, programs and projects focused on technical variables, which can be linked to social and governance issues.Ítem Modelo de gobernanza ambiental para el uso sustentable del Parque Ecolólogico Distrital Humedal el Tunjo Bogotá, ColombiaMayorga Correa, Zully Andrea; Gamboa Castellanos, Miguel ÁngelThrough an environmental governance model for the El Tunjo Humedal District Ecological Park, where the different modes of environmental governance are addressed, through literature review through bibliographic search systems, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, identified four modes of environmental governance in wetlands (hierarchical governance, privatizing governance, co-governance and self-governance) in application contexts such as coastal wetlands, urban wetlands and rural wetlands. Under the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts, Responses - DPSIR method, the current state of the wetland was presented, the pressures to which it is subjected, impacts, economic factors. drivers, responses were presented with proposals based on the different modes of governance associated with each factor and those executed to date; The governance network was formed with strategic actors involved in wetland management, highlighting their roles, interests and strategies; in environmental governance, with the systemic work of the community, seeking common objectives to obtain a better quality of life and the environment. With the use of Vensim software, dynamic socio-environmental modeling was carried out to simulate and validate the different temporal scenarios to which the wetland may be exposed in the future. Finally, environmental governance strategies are proposed that generate correct environmental management for the wetland, through the articulation (through joint work) of the institutions in charge of protecting the wetland, the community, and private companies, through training, training for people interested in the protection of the wetland, continuous monitoring in zoned places in the ecosystem area, community work tables, where the participation of community action boards, educational institutions, terrestrial and aquatic maintenance through public companies such as the Bogotá Aqueduct and Sewer Company, and Aguas Bogotá, which through fines and sanctions seek to protect the wetland from environmental impacts, such as invasion of public space, throwing garbage and construction debris, are also sought. encourage research by university students to carry out their documentary processes, theses, and other academic activities.Ítem Evaluación de la gestión del turismo sustentable en la reserva forestal protectora Cerro Quininí en Tibacuy, CundinamarcaLópez Cortés, Julián David; Hernández Peña, Yolanda Teresa; Hernández Peña, Yolanda Teresa [0000-0002-2846-7273]This research evaluated the management of sustainable tourism in a context of nature protection as is the case of the Cerro Quininí Protected Forest Reserve (RFPCQ) in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. To achieve this, indicators and variables were defined through a bibliographic review of the last decade. Subsequently, the tourism management system was described based on the relationship between 5 management categories and 7 variables were established as appropriate to evaluate the administrative performance of tourism in this context. Finally, a forum of experts was convened to qualify these variables, and the results were compiled for analysis, identifying that at present the tourism performance of the RFPCQ tends towards sustainability, but does not achieve an effective coordination between public institutions and resident communities, being this an area of improvement necessary to achieve an effective sustainable development in the territory.Ítem Modelo de priorización de áreas geográficas para la gestión ambiental de los residuos orgánicos residenciales, en BogotáGómez Torres, Laura Isabel; Gamboa Castellanos, Miguel ÁngelThis study develops a geographic area prioritization model for the environmental management of residential organic waste in Bogotá, Colombia. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis, the model integrates geospatial, environmental, socioeconomic, and waste management factors to identify priority intervention zones. The research included a comprehensive review of zoning models and waste treatment technologies, followed by the development and implementation of the prioritization model. The results provided a map of Bogotá with areas classified according to their priority for organic waste management. For high-priority zones, specific treatment technologies such as anaerobic digestion, gasification, and larval treatment were proposed, considering local characteristics. This approach offers a valuable tool for decision-making in urban waste management, promoting adapted and sustainable solutions that may be applicable to other cities facing similar challenges.Ítem Adaptación al cambio climático y su relación con la seguridad alimentaria en municipios de BoyacáDuarte Durán, Carlos Alberto; Alacaron Hincapie, Juan Carlos; Alacaron Hincapie Juan Carlos [0000-0003-0872-6116]The present research is based on evaluating the effects that CC has on agricultural systems and food security (FS) in eight municipalities of Boyacá by 2040 and generating different adaptation strategies that can be developed to reduce the impact on SA. because this could be affected due to the direct relationship between climatic variables, especially the one that is focused on systems that present a high vulnerability to these changes in temperature and precipitation.Ítem Propuesta de índice de evaluación de sustentabilidad con enfoque hidrosocial para la comunidad de La Vereda El Rosario, Choachí- CundinamarcaCortés Martínez, Zayra Alejandra; Gutiérez Malaxechebarria, Álvaro Martín; 0000-0002-2306-1610The general objective of this research is to develop an index for the evaluation of sustainability with a hydrosocial approach for the Rosario village (Choachí), located in the zone with a buffer function of the Chingaza PNN, as a tool for the assessment of the integration of social groups. . and politicians around water resource management. The first specific objective of the research is to carry out a review of the water management approaches associated with rural communities during the years 2011-2022 based on national and international reference information, where the systematic literature review methodology was used. . . The second specific objective of the research consists of the development of the proposal for a sustainability evaluation index with a hydrosocial approach, based on the methodological proposal of Rengifo et al. (2019) and Santa María & López (2020). In this phase, the indicators and variables were defined based on the dimensions studied, which are: biophysical environment, social reproduction practices, cultural practices, ideological constructions and mechanisms of appropriation and control. Using research carried out in the study area and information from interviews applied in field work as a source of information. In this phase, the mathematical validation of the sustainability index with the proposed hydrosocial approach was also carried out through Poisson statistical distribution. Subsequently, the third objective was divided into three phases. In the first of them, the identification of the constituent elements of the hydrosocial system of the village was carried out. The Rosary, which was developed following the methodology proposed by Budds (2012); Puerto (2021) and Rondón (2017), where, on the one hand, the search for secondary information was carried out in different national and regional entities, and in databases in order to obtain information regarding hydro-climatological aspects, and hydrogeomorphological aspects of the El Rosario village. And, on the other hand, the tool of semi-structured interviews was used in order to collect information of primary origin. This tool was aimed at obtaining results in reference to the identification of the elements of the hydrosocial system, its delimitation, and the characterization of actors that manage these elements, as well as the identification of the conflicts that occur around water in the territory. The second phase was the validation of the index through its application in the El Rosario village and, finally, according to the findings, the formulation of sustainability strategies for said system was carried out aimed at improve the articulation of the social structure with the management of water resources.Ítem Modelo de granja integral con enfoque en economía circular para pequeños productores agropecuarios estudio de caso: Finca el Encenillo Nuevo Colón, BoyacáRodríguez Arias, Gladys Claudina; González Ramírez, Luisa Fernanda; 0000-0001-8489-6761This document develops the research that aims to generate an integral farm model from the circular economy approach for small farmers, which is simulated for the case study of the El Encenillo farm located in Nuevo Colón Boyacá, Colombia; The model is based on the postulates of circular economy proposed by Ellen MacArthur, as well as a characterization of the state of knowledge worldwide between 2002 and 2021 through a systematic review of literature in the Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases, examining circular economy technologies applicable to the agricultural sector, This model is aligned with the thematic approach of environmental sustainability of socio-cultural and economic processes of the Master's Degree in Sustainable Development and Environmental Management. Subsequently, a simulation of the proposed model was carried out in the agricultural unit called Finca el Encenillo located in the municipality of Nuevo Colon in the department of Boyacá Colombia, using the Vensim© program, obtaining as a result an internal rate of return on capital of 36%. However, an investment of approximately fifty-one million one hundred and seventy-four thousand six hundred and sixtyseven pesos ($ 51,174,667) is required, which should be provided through an agricultural incentive since small farmers do not have the capacity to assume it, which implies a challenge in public policy for the agricultural sector.Ítem Modelo para la gobernanza del agua en las veredas Molino, Río Negro y San Agustín en el municipio de Ubaque, CundinamarcaTorralba Dotor, Ana Isabel; Gutiérrez Malaxechebarria, Álvaro-Martin; 0000-0002-2306-1610Water governance is developed at the international level as a tool that seeks the comprehensiveness of state actors, private actors, social community and environmental actors with the purpose of managing, operating and conserving the water resource and promoting its sustainable environmental management. Similarly, water governance focuses on decision-making at the community level. Therefore, the objective of this research work is to propose a water governance model for the Molino, Río Negro and San Agustín villages of the municipality of Ubaque Cundinamarca, with the purpose of mitigating negative impacts such as; stagnation in agricultural economic development, water contamination in high areas of the river due to poor agricultural practices, discharges without any type of treatment, water scarcity attributed to climate change. Additionally, conflicts arise between communities due to illegal water withdrawals. In this sense, to identify the water governance model for the Molino, Río Negro and San Agustín villages of Ubaque Cundinamarca, a review of the literature was carried out, a social, economic, environmental and water management characterization was carried out, additionally visits were made. field with the objective of making a social cartography, semi-structured interviews and a workshop to identify the actors for water governance, as a result of the above, a modeling of future scenarios was carried out for the proposal of the water governance model through the program Vensim. As a result, some model assumptions were evident (See Figure 9) that helped simplify and analyze the dynamic model process. For the development of socialization, a guide document is presented in booklet format with a summary of the research work for the community of the villages, which was socialized with the interested parties of the villagesÍtem Líquenes como bioindicadores de la calidad del aire en seis estaciones de la Red de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. (Colombia)Peláez Pulido, Rouchi Nadine; Zafra Mejía, Carlos Alfonso; Zafra Mejía, Carlos Alfonso [0000-0002-4061-4897]The present study was carried out in the city of Bogotá- Colombia using lichens as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution through the Atmospheric Purity Index (IPA). The research was carried out in the green areas surrounding six air quality-monitoring stations (Kennedy, San Cristóbal, Fairs, High Performance Center, Suba and Guaymaral), taking the Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. (Urapán) species as a phorophyte, with 25 species of lichens in total. Data were obtained on the environmental variables and the criteria pollutants PM10, PM2,5 and O3 for each monitoring point for the years 2015 to 2019 this to find the Atmospheric Purity Index (IPA) and the Bogota Quality Index of the Air (IBOCA); Statistical correlation analyzes were performed with the data obtained from these three indices. It was found that lichens are affected by particulate matter PM10, PM2,5 and are tolerant to Ozone (O3), it was also found that the results of the IPA which resulted in poor air quality for the study areas does not have significant relationship with the data provided by the ICA and IBOCA since they register a regular to good air quality for the studied areas, which indicates that monitoring by means of lichens through the use of IPA is a tool with greater sensitivity to pollutants. The areas reported with the best air quality according to the IPA were as follow: Suba station followed by Guaymaral and Centro de Alto Rendimiento. The stations with the worst air quality were San Cristóbal, Ferias and Kennedy (Lichen desert). Canoparmelia carneopruinata, Lecanora caesiorubella, Physcia decorticata, and Flavopunctelia flaventior were identified as tolerant to contaminants, and Alyxoria varia, Caloplaca epiphora, and Parmotrema bangii as sensitive species.Ítem Evaluación del efecto del cambio climático en la oferta hídrica superficial del departamento de Cundinamarca y el Distrito CapitalPedraza Lancheros, Yuli Andrea; Alarcón Hincapié, Juan Carlos; Alarcón Hincapié, Juan Carlos [0000-0003-0872-6116]The climate participates in the provision of energy and water to ecosystems and living beings. Its natural dynamics grant particular characteristics to the different portions of the Earth, some more or less habitable than others for man. Any change in the climatic conditions of a particular area necessarily entails changes in ecosystems, in river flows, in increased frequencies of landslides, droughts or floods, in the relationships between living beings and alterations in daily activities. of the man. Taking into account the above, a conceptual and methodological framework is proposed that allows identifying the current climatic conditions of the department of Cundinamarca and its effects on the territory in the face of future changes (climate change scenarios). To develop such a proposal, the climate has been represented with the average annual temperature and the average annual precipitation for the reference period 1981-2010. Subsequently, spatial models of the relationship between climate and runoff and climate and aridity conditions were carried out. These models were validated through the comparison of the modeled and observed values, which were obtained from secondary observed information. Using IDW interpolation to carry out the modeling, the result was spatial information with a distance between points of 900 meters applicable to the entire department. After validating the models for the reference period, the climate values were modified with the information from the RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0 scenarios of the Third Climate Change Communication, applicable for the period 2011-2040. As a result of this research, twelve modeling models were obtained that show the changes in temperature, precipitation, runoff and aridity index caused by the climate modifications proposed in each of the scenarios. Such changes are evident when comparing the climate modeling of the reference period with each modeling resulting from the scenarios. Subsequently, it was possible to recognize that climate modifications, due to anthropic effects in each RCP scenario, would cause effects on the availability of water resources in the department. Some of these effects could cause disappearance or serious damage to the paramos, appearance of new ecosystems (associated with excess precipitation and/or increases in temperature), increases in the frequency of floods, mass removal phenomena, increases in areas susceptible to fires, and in general decrease in the sustainability of the department. Finally, the factors that favor climate change are identified and based on these, some adaptation proposals for the Department and the Capital are presented.Ítem Modelo de evaluación de la contaminación descargada en humedales producto de la escorrentía urbana: metales pesados en sedimentos vialesOsorio Sánchez, Juan David Sebastián; Zafra Mejía, Carlos Alfonso; Osorio Sánchez, Juan David Sebastián [0000-0002-2364-252X]; Zafra Mejía, Carlos Alfonso [0000-0002-4061-4897]This study presents the results of an assessment model for heavy metal pollution in the Capellanía Wetland, focusing on its correlation with total solids. Through principal component analysis, it was identified that total solids were a significant variable in relation to heavy metals, leading to the development of five linear regression models for each specific metal (chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc). Subsequently, a dynamic modeling software was used to establish the connection between the wetland's hydrological behavior and the results of the linear regression models. This enables the quantification of heavy metal concentrations within the wetland, as this variable is not commonly measured in routine water quality assessments. Integrating hydrological dynamics and regression models allows for a comprehensive understanding of heavy metal pollution in the wetland. Using results from granulometric tests conducted in various locations, linear regressions were developed using R® software, obtaining coefficient of determination values ranging from 0.48% to 0.99% of explained percentage. These findings highlight the models' capacity to explain the relationship between total solids and heavy metals in the wetland. In addition to considering these relationships, the model also incorporates other relevant variables, such as the area of the wetland's contributing basin, its area, volume, depth, inflow and outflow rates, average annual precipitation, resuspension rate, sedimentation rate, and hydraulic retention time, all crucial for dynamic modeling carried out with Vensim® software, where an estimated 25.4 tons of heavy metals enter the wetland each year. To validate the model, two methods were employed. The first method involved using Vensim® software, applying the Monte Carlo method to assess sensitivity. The second method consisted of a direct comparison between real data obtained from secondary documentation and the modeled data. This comparison yielded the following statistical metrics: mean squared errors (MSE) and mean absolute errors (MAE), ranging from 0.0001 to 0.003 and from 0.6% to 3.9%, respectively. These values indicate the model's precision in predicting pollution and its variability. The combination of these validation approaches allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the model's performance and its ability to accurately represent the dynamics of heavy metal pollution in the wetland.Ítem Financiamiento de la adaptación al cambio climático a nivel local. Un análisis desde la autonomía territorial y los esfuerzos de descentralización en Colombia tomando como caso de estudio el departamento de CundinamarcaMartín Ramírez, Fanny Adriana; Díaz Lozano, Aura YolandaClimate-resilient development at the local level requires sufficient flows of climate finance. However, securing the necessary resources to fund climate change adaptation can be challenging in centralised state models with limited territorial autonomy. Centralised decision-making on climate finance increases territories' vulnerability and limits the actions that must be urgently taken locally to respond to the climate crisis. This work addresses the relationship between climate change adaptation financing at the local level and decentralisation. Multivariate statistics were utilised to thoroughly examine the variables of the fiscal performance index and the climate change risk index for all municipalities located in the Department of Cundinamarca. The findings reveal that the municipalities within the department heavily rely on national transfers, highlighting the extent of decentralisation and territorial autonomy. Under this context of limited territorial autonomy, we have identified the factors that impact the municipalities' ability to access climate finance. The following five key factors are outlined to increase climate finance flows for adaptation in the country and ensure alignment with climate-resilient development. The urgency of implementing adaptation measures appropriate to the different territorial contexts, the strengthening of territorial autonomy, the inclusion of a specific item for adaptation in the allocation of transfers from the General System of Participation, the adoption of more comprehensive climate finance schemes and the decentralisation of the National Climate Change System.Ítem Modelo de aprovechamiento del subproducto del cultivo de papa en el ecosistema de páramo en Bogotá ColombiaVargas Cristancho, Luis Jairo; Fernández Gómez, Wilmar; 0000-0001-6339-8050; Fernández Gómez, Wilmar [0000-0001-6339-8050]Since the first environmental movements at the end of the sixties, the importance of caring for ecosystems has been discussed, the environmental crisis becomes evident and questions begin about the impacts generated by the non-adoption of measures to maintain the planet's ability to maintain itself and produce enough goods to be consumed by humanity. The effects of ecological damage caused by human activities are reflected, for example, in the increase in greenhouse gases due to the combustion of waste and the poor disposal of biomass. Although, high mountain ecosystems are areas protected by regulations, crops such as potatoes are predominant in these areas due to their climatic adaptation, In particular, this crop generates a large amount of waste or by-products that are being improperly disposed of on the ground, water sources or into the air through burning. With the purpose of estimating the amount of potato crop residues in the páramo ecosystem, the analysis of the dynamics of the crop production system was carried out in the Vensim software. As a result, the research presented a model for the use of the by-product where two uses of the waste are shown within the framework of sustainable development. In the first case, the model for the use of the by-product of the harvest of this tuber for organic fertilization is presented, in the second case, the use is shown through the generation of alternative energy through biogas. In both cases, the contribution to the Sustainable Development of the communities is evident.Ítem Indicador de huella ecológica turística en el páramo Pan de Azúcar en el municipio de Duitama (Boyacá, Colombia)Peña Reyes, Diana Fernanda; Beltrán Vargas, Julio Eduardo; Beltrán Vargas, Julio Eduardo [0000-0002-9397-7894]The present investigation has as its main objective, the development of an indicator of environmental sustainability to estimate the ecological footprint caused by the development of tourist activities, in the Páramo Guantiva - Russia, Pan de Azúcar sector in the municipality of Duitama (Boyacá, Colombia). ”. Based on developing an evaluation tool that allows understanding the positive and negative impacts that fall on a tourist site and knowing what type of sustainability is contributed with the development of these activities in moorland areas, according to the assessment proposed by (Gallopín, 2003 ), of the types of sustainability, "strong, weak and very weak sustainability", the HET evaluation ranges are established, to propose protection and development strategies, which establish what are the permissible interventions, to what extent and how much it is possible to leave that alternative tourism or ecotourism occurs in these ecosystems, taking into account that the páramo ecosystems, due to their protection status, do not have many opportunities for economic development for the population of these areas. For which, the following three goals are proposed; identify and prioritize methodologies for estimating the ecological footprint in tourism activities in high mountain ecosystems worldwide, through a systematic literature review. Subsequently, the formulation of an indicator to estimate the ecological footprint of tourist activities in páramo ecosystems. Finally, the application of the indicator to the specific case study. Finding that this type of tourist projects make the area visible, strengthen the recognition of the territory and give opportunity for economic development to small municipalities, however, the development of these economic activities, in the Pan de azúcar páramo contributes to the very weak type of sustainable development. , since the substitution of the natural capital of the area is promoted and is not compensated by the generation of social welfare and economic development of the area. Causing irreversible damage to the ecosystem and compromising the availability of natural capital to future generations, mainly affecting the strategic function of the páramo ecosystem as a water regulator.Ítem Estrategia de resiliencia frente a fenómenos de remoción en masa (San Cristóbal Bogotá)Vargas Sánchez, Edna Margarita; González Ramírez, Luisa Fernanda; 0000-0001-8489-6761; González Ramírez, Luisa Fernanda [0000-0001-8489-6761]This research work is born from the need to strengthen those processes that are done in community in the face of natural disasters caused by the phenomenon of mass removal and that are sometimes not taken into account being a fundamental part of the growth and sustainable development of the environment and that to date is one of the biggest problems to be treated at the national level, aims to propose a strategy for strengthening social resilience based on community experience in the face of the phenomenon of mass removal by displacement in the triangulo, manatial and corinto neighborhoods of the town of San Cristóbal (Bogotá, Colombia), within the framework of sustainable development goal number 11- "Sustainable Communities and Cities", for the period 1998 to 2016. This methodology divided into 5 phases was applied that seeks to collect bibliographic information on the subject, a multitemporal analysis accompanied by a process of land recognition, a look at the current processes and procedures that the government presents within the framework of the SDGs and an implementation of validated tools in support of the construction of the strategist, which is represented in a methodological guide for risk reduction in the face of mass removal disasters by displacement, applicable to the community with characteristics similar to those of the study area. It’s expected to be of great use to the community and stakeholders for the benefit of building social resilience seen from it.