Evaluación de macrófitas como bioindicadores de la contaminación por metales pesados en el RDH Capellanía, Bogotá – Colombia

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is an environmental issue due to its persistence, non-degradability, and toxicity to living organisms. Bioindication is one of the recommended methods as it provides information not only on the pollution level but also on the bioavailability of elements and their biological impact. This study aims to assess the ability of Schoenoplectus californicus (commonly known as Bulrush) to accumulate heavy metals in the Capellanía wetland and to establish its capacity as a bioindicador acumulativo of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) contamination. To achieve this, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were determined. Data were collected in triplicate for sediment, roots, and stems matrices at three different sites within the wetland. Results revealed that the Bulrush exhibits higher metal accumulation in the roots followed by the stems, and the quantifications in the plant are related to the values found in the sediments. A significant accumulation of Cr, Ni, and Pb in the roots was observed, with BCF values exceeding 1.00 at site three. However, the Translocation values for Cr, Ni, and Pb in the plant were below 1.00, suggesting a restriction of these metals in the roots and limited translocation to other parts of the plant. For As, Cd, and Hg, no presence was detected as their values were below the detection limit. This indicates that the Bulrush plays an important role as an effective macrophyte for phytoremediation and phytostabilization of some heavy metals.