Licenciatura en Física
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/44
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Ítem Ablación por plasma de argón/oxígeno y fotocatálisis UV VIS para tratamiento de polietileno de baja densidadMora Montañez, Erik Duvan; Flores Pérez, Jose Manuel; Jiménez Borrego, Luis CamiloThe work is dedicated to experimentally review and evaluate the mechanical changes of elasticity, hydrophobicity and surface morphology in sheets of low density polyethylenes to which an ablation treatment [9] with plasma in luminescent argon and oxygen discharge plasma was implemented. [10] at pre-vacuum pressures with low current. Therefore, it is proposed to solve What are the mechanisms of ablation with DC2 luminescent discharge plasma in oxygen reactive gases with argon? and How do they allow changing and / or transforming the mechanical, structural properties of low density polyethylene (PEBD)?Ítem Un acercamiento didáctico al modelo de Alfvén para las manchas solaresRodríguez Bonilla, Rustbell; Monroy Cañón, Ignacio AlbertoThis allows us to recognize various phenomena directly related to the Sun, since it governs not only gravitational stability in the solar system. On earth it directs various biological processes such as photosynthesis in plants, sleep cycles in most living beings and recently it has been tried to link the planet's climate with solar activity. This is why various entities worldwide such as NASA of the United States, ESO of the European Union have worked in collaborations such as the Hemispheric and Solar Observatory (SOHO) or the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which are missions that work in recognition of the king star, which have educational content and free data for the dissemination and teaching of its various phenomena. It can be said that this monograph contributes to this teaching and dissemination process, since a model of spots is presented, which, approached through the methodology of astronomy didactics, becomes a tool for the teaching of astronomy and science. natural.Ítem Actividades didácticas asociadas a la enseñanza de la física, en la Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.Acero Robayo, Cristian Javier; Gómez Lugo, Naiara; Reyes Roncancio, Jaime DuvánTaking into account the importance of the Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources of the Universidad Distrital, since through physical-mathematical models allow us timely solutions to the environmental needs we have today, due to this and various adverse situations to the university we proceed to propose the formulation of didactic activities focused on two courses of the faculty, led by Professor William Castro for the course of vibrations and waves and Professor Edier Bustos for the course by special mode of Calculus of Variations; The aim of these courses is the implementation of diversified didactic guides where there will be step-by-step guides with solutions, step-by-step of some proposed exercises plus some challenge exercises, and others more focused on the context and concept to encourage the student to analyze the scientific thinking that led to the formulation of mathematical models. The module aims to bring the intern closer to the classroom through the use of virtual resources to be able to play a teaching role in front of the students, for this purpose it is intended to develop activities focused on the matrices and demonstrate the applicability of planimetry and physics using this type of algebra, showing the correlation of the model with reality itself and the importance of understanding the concepts, in order to promote real solutions to our needs.Ítem Actividades innovadoras en la enseñanza de la física: el docente en formación en el Colegio Ciudadela ColsubsidioGutierrez Muñoz, Wilmer Fabian; Arcos Martínez, Fabio OmarThis internship report will show the model they implement in the Colsubsidio schools, the desired teaching profile and their participation. It is intended to highlight the role and action of the teacher within the framework of the educational model that is used in the institution, therefore a space is opened to the perspective of the passing student to learn in the practice of knowledge that the teacher has developed, said knowledge will not only give continuity to the model but also develop it through innovative proposals. The activities that were carried out were strengthened by collective reflection between teachers and internsÍtem Actualización del plan de área de física del Colegio Cooperativo Unión Social Bajo los lineamientos establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional para la media y media vocacionalCastillo Castellanos, July Andrea; Flórez Pérez, José ManuelUpdating the plan physics area Social Cooperative Union College, in compliance with the guidelines established by the Ministry of Education through the area plan validation by an instrument to evaluate curricula.Ítem Análisis de datos históricos de la calidad del aire y precipitación en Bogotá.Rayo Alape, Julian Mateo; Hurtado Marquéz, AlejandroWithin the framework of development of the research line in simulation, mining and analysis of data of the physics and computer group of the District University, is being developed studies that involve the systematic programming of natural phenomena. In intervention Direct environmental problems caused by air pollution. Your different problems of health associated with the low index of quality of life in urban centers. Its production and relationship with anthropogenic activity. And as an application of information technologies and communication, the continuous study of pollutants and variables is necessary in the city of Bogotá. The purpose is to answer questions such as: how many years has the city been influenced by pollution? What action plans are suggested for the decrease of air pollutants? And how much pollution decreases with precipitation?Ítem Análisis de la estabilidad de las ecuaciones de FriedmannCuevas Cubillos, Nicolas; Herreño, Cesar Aurelio; Avilan Vargas, NicolásThe present work carries out an analysis of the geometric and Lyapunov methods in dynamic systems to analyze the critical points predicted in the Friedmann cosmological equations framed in the general theory of relativity that describe the expanding universe, in addition, the dependence of the dynamic solutions with respect to the curvature parameter of the universe.Ítem Análisis de las leyes de conservación y covarianza por medio del tensor energía-momento electromagnéticoGuarnizo Hernández, Héctor Javier; Herreño Fierro, César Aurelio; Herreño Fierro, César Aurelio [0000-0003-2394-4322]During the internship we studied the laws of conservation and covariance offered by electromagnetism from the energy-moment tensor. Detailing the contribution of density energy and momentum of parallel plate capacitors seen from the laws of conservation of the energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field.Ítem Análisis de las Propiedades de la Cromodinámica Cuántica a partir de la Comparación con las Propiedades de la Electrodinámica Cuántica.Delgado Gómez, Jeicot Giovanny; Munevar, EdwinThe Quantum Chromodinamics or QCD, born as an attempt to know the behavior and the structure of the nucleus, where the atomic model proposed did not explain how could exist a state such a proton-neutron inside of those. This works pretend to be an introduction to QCD for undergraduate students, this going to be achieve by the comparison between this and the most succesful quantum field theory, the quantum electrodinamics or QED.Ítem Análisis de las Señas Utilizadas para la Explicación del Fenómeno de Caída Libre en Lengua de Señas Colombiana por Estudiantes con Discapacidad AuditivaValderrama Beltrán, Oscar Sneyder; Castiblanco Abril, Olga LuciaThis work inquired about the signs used by deaf students to explain a physical phenomenon and were subsequently compared with the sign proposed by fenascol1, to discuss the sense and meaning of the signs used by the students and by FENASCOL in physics learning process .this work was developed with the participation of students with hearing impairment of 11th grade of district school in the city of Bogotá. data collection was based on the development of an experimental practice with intermediation of the interpreter, which was intended to allow the development of the activity in the traditional setting of the students. it was carried out an intervetion qualitative research which was divided into the following research phases: 1) analysis of the context in which it was attempt to intervene 2) preparation of the material and dialogue with the interpreter 3) intervention in class and data collection 4) data analysis. to this was applied a free fall practicum which was divided into three sections: the first was to ask students to observed the fall of two spheres with equal mass. the second was to ask students to observed the fall of two spheres with different masses, and finally was developed a session of questions from what was observed in the two previous sessions. as a general result we can said that the perception of the students study, use the signs proposed by FENASCOL to explain physical phenomena, however, they do not give a scientifically meaning, when they want to delve into explanations, their invent signs, gestures or expressions to expand or define more precisely their explanation.Ítem Análisis de los efectos radiobiológicos generados por haces de fotones de RX de 6 MeV incidentes en un maniquí de pulmón simulado en geant4Avilán Betancourt, Juan David; Florez Pérez, José ManuelIn radiotherapy different ranges of energies are used depending on the area of the body to be treated, to avoid risks and a higher economic cost generally, simulations with established variables are used. The present work presents a simulation generated in Geant4 software whose foundation is the Monte Carlo method. Initially, the physics to be used in the simulation was selected, using the G4Penelope library to obtain greater precision in data collection. Next, a thorax was constructed based on the measurements and densities of the CIRS 002LFC model. A source of X-rays (RX) emitted with the Bremsstrahlung effect is established at an energy of 6 mega-electronvolt (MeV) in the direction of the isocenter of the phantom. Subsequently, a detector is created in the geometric center of the phantom which measures deposited dose and deposited energy. To avoid the dispersion of the photons, a collimator with a conical geometry is produced which focuses the RX beam. In the characterization of the beam, it was necessary to simulate a water tank as a detector to determine the depth dose curve, where the information obtained from the International Atomic Energy Organization in technical report 398.Ítem Análisis de Metodologías de Investigación en Enseñanza de la Física y apoyo Técnico al Desarrollo del Grupo de Investigación GEAFCastro Díaz, Jhonatan Erney; Castiblanco Abril, Olga LucíaThis paper is divided into two parts: the first is a description of the technical management work carried out in the investigation group GEAF teaching of physics. the second is the analysis of investigation methodologies, conducted in different groups of the project's degree in physics, taking as an object of study, different degree work performed in each groupÍtem Análisis del pensamiento metacognitivo del profesor de física en formación, cuando se enfrenta a cuestiones epistemológicasSierra Pacheco, Laura Estefany; Castiblanco Abril, Olga LucíaIn this work, we characterize the metacognitive thought of pre-service teachers, when they face epistemological issues in the classroom. Data collection was carried out in the course "Epistemology of physics for teaching" into the program of Licenciatura en Física, at the Universidad Distritral Francisco José de Caldas. Data analysis was on qualitative research methodology, specifically through discourse analysis, from audios and videos of the activities carried out. The thematic sequence of the course dealt with aspects about the observability of Nature, the epistemological profiles of scientific concepts, the epistemological obstacles in the discourses of those who talk about physics and, the visions of the Nature of science. Results indicate that pre-service teachers developed skills for self-evaluation, recognizing their learning process, and projecting their speeches for teaching, also showed self-regulation to enrich their language. Finally, there was evidence about modifications to making sense of the construction of knowledge in physics and, in physics teaching, as well as a process of becoming aware of the importance of assuming metacognition as a guiding criterion for their learning in various aspects.Ítem Análisis del uso del experimento discrepante en la enseñanza de la FísicaUmaña Orozco, Daniel Andreii; Castiblanco Abril, Olga LuciaThis work studies the potentiality of using the discrepant experiment typology in the physics teaching process, from a dimensional perspective of didactics of physics, focusing on the development of scientific thinking skills in eleventh-grade students in a school from Bogota city. It was qualitative research following the intervention research method, for which we record the classes. The data collection was by an observation grid, the transcription of recordings, and written productions in the class. We apply the content analysis technique for the analysis, according to the ordering criteria and detailed microanalysis, and interpretation of data, based on the participants' appreciations and understanding of events throughout the research. At the end of the study, the results were positive for the development of five scientific thinking skills in students, such as the construction of knowledge, argumentative debates, formulation of questions, hypotheses based on physical phenomena, and observation of a physical phenomenon. This typology of experiments presents a valuable opportunity to educate thinking skills development and role changes, not only for students, towards a participant attitude but also for teachers, fostering the creation of the own learning environments by following clear objectives in respect of student’s thinking development.Ítem Análisis dimensional y caracterización física de exoplanetasAgudelo Ovalle, Erika Paola; Cardona Rodríguez, GiovanniThe physical characterization of a planet allows knowing its type and basic conditions, whose information helps to understand the functioning and creation of solar systems. In addition to comparing each planet with the earth, with the aim of looking for a planet similar to this one, and that probably has the necessary conditions to host life. In this degree work, the physical characterization of the planets is used through the variables of mass (m), temperature (T), escape velocity (ve), radius (r), density (d) and orbital period (t), to perform a dimensional analysis which can be compared with the ESI (Earth Similarity Index) and thus use Buckingham's PI theorem as a characterization and comparison tool.Ítem Análisis experimental del proceso de redispersión Σ-p en la reacción γd→K+Σ-p para energías del fotón entre 1.9 y 2.3 GeVVélez Saboyá, Carol Stefany; Munévar Espitia, EdwinOne of the main studies in modern physics is strong interaction, interaction between quarks and gluons that allows them to be found together in the hadrons. The study of the reaction γd→K+Σ-p is the objective of the institutionalized research project and may contribute to the study of these interactions, and in particular to the gathering of information in the dynamics of hadrons containing strange quarks due to the lack of information. In this work, a study of the reaction γd→π+π-pn was made as contribution to the research work, due to the fact that this reaction is one of the main sources of contamination in this research. To study the reaction, methods currently employed in particles physics were used, such as particle selection with Δβ, particle reconstruction through missing mass, and others, until the reaction in interest was filtered. The study is made from the analysis of experimental data facilitated by the CLAS collaboration, recorded with the CLAS (CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer) detector during period g13 in the Hall-B of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory in Virginia, USA.Ítem Análisis molecular de la gravedad de los minerales en la zona del arco volcánico de la placa continental Sudamericana en la que se encuentra ColombiaSutaneme Lizarazo, Jeniffer Alejandra; Jiménez Prieto, Oscar Ignacio; Quintana Puentes, RobinsonIt is proposed to carry out a theoretical model, the gravimetric analysis, which defines the amount of a certain substance based on the pressures, temperatures, densities and surrounding fluids and thus determine if their formation is due to magmatic, metamorphic or sedimentary processes.Ítem Un análisis sobre la turbulencia bidimensionalOsorio Quiroga, Leonardo Antonio; Jácome Muñoz, Carlos EfraínThe objective of this theoretical work was to show the properties or characteristics of a turbulent flow when a two-dimensional nature of two types is required over the flow: confined in a plane and, when this is three-dimensional but does not show variations along one of the axes. Therefore, the reynolds equations, the equations of the vorticity mean field and the energy of the three-dimensional turbulent flow were obtained. These equations were subjected to a transformation of dimensional order reduction given by the conditions, which in the first case, assumed all derivatives along the vertical axis x₃ equal to zero, as well as the component of the velocity mean field and the velocity disturbance field component u₃ 'equal to zero too. On the second case, an invariance along the x₃ axis was the only condition. Finding that in both cases, the dimensional reduction prohibits the phenomenon of stretching and tilting of the vortexes, present in the three-dimensional turbulence. In the first case the absence of this phenomenon is complete, while in the second this phenomenon does not happen only in the vortexes with direction along x₃. It was demostrated that this distinction in the behavior of the vortexes causes a quase-conservative state of the energy of the flow, so that the life time of it is larger compared to the time of life of the three-dimensional turbulent flow, which dissipates the energy with a dissipation rate proportional to U³ / L.Ítem Análisis y reflexiones de estrategias pedagógicas y didácticas para la enseñanza de leyes de Newton en la escuela secundariaBeltrán Castro, Andersson; Venegas Segura, Andres Arturo; Venegas Segura, Andres Arturo [0000-0001-8065-5696]In the educational field, it is essential to recognize the educational experiences that teachers have when exercising their work, a discourse on which the following monograph is focused, analyzing two important phases of educational praxis, such as planning and application of the classroom planning. Working with three teachers from public institutions in the city of Bogotá who guide the area of Natural Sciences and Physics, specifically the subject of Newton's Laws. As a methodology for collecting information, the semi-structured interview tool is used in both phases of the work, applying discourse analysis for its study. Within the development of the planning phase are aspects such as the context, learning goals, strategies, content and evaluation. And in the application phase of planning, aspects such as the relevance of planning, the development of themes, the strategies applied, the materials and resources used, evaluation and the school environment are analyzed in the teaching narrative. With this, the systematization and discursive analysis of the teaching experiences is carried out, where the recognition of the contextualization emerges, the different pedagogical strategies applied to the subject, the discursive relationship of the teachers in their educational praxis to generate a significant learning of the contents and comprehensive training that responds to the needs of a learning environment.Ítem Aplicación de la técnica de rayos X por contraste de fase para detección de lesiones mamariasÁvila Sánchez, Angie Viviana; Hurtado Márquez, Alejandro; Ávila Bernal, Carlos ArturoWe present the acquisition of phase contrast images by free propagation and edge illumination techniques, with the aim of differentiating three types of emulated breast lesions in the CIRS015 phantom: microcalcifications, fibrous structures and tumour masses. This work was carried out in collaboration with Universidad de los Andes in the Research Internship modality. The analysis was performed based on the conventional mammography method, comparing the images with two phase contrast methods, by means of the contrast study and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); the images were taken using the Medipix3RX detector. It was found that the contrast in the images was feasibly improved with both phase contrast techniques, however, the signal-to-noise ratio did not present any significant improvement over the conventional technique. The study involves the use of two types of semiconductor sensor for the detector: Silicon and Cadmium Telluride, finding difficulties in recovering the phase signal in the images with the Silicon sensor. Finally, the three techniques are compared analyzing their potential and feasibility of applying the phase contrast technique to the current medical reality.