Ingeniería Topográfica
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Ítem Diferencias entre las uav enfocadas a la topografía(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Montes Parra, Mariana; Barragan Zaque, William Benigno; Barragan Zaque, William Benigno [0000-0002-8234-1874]This paper will evaluate the differences between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), in this case the study was conducted with the Mavic 3 Enterprise aircraft, which was used for the generation of photogrammetry of the study area and the Matrice 350 RTK equipped with a Zenmuse L2 Lidar sensor focused on three-dimensional surveys of Lidar type. The study was carried out during the development of the internship as a degree work option, comprised in the period from June to December 2024 in the company DRONE NERDS TECH S.A.S., which had as objective the analysis of the mentioned aircrafts and the influence in this area of engineering in order to determine under which circumstances it is more viable to use one technology or the other. The study was carried out in the municipality of Fúquene Cundinamarca, performing two flights with unmanned aircraft carrying out the techniques of photogrammetry and Lidar for topographic surveys.Ítem Acotamiento de la ronda hídrica de la quebrada El Cajón en el perímetro urbano del municipio de Sesquilé, Cundinamarca.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cañaveral Bermúdez, María Fernanda; Reyes Corredor, Lisbeth Dayana; Cepeda Rendón, José MiguelThe internship was carried out at CIGMAP S.A.S. and aimed to delineate the buffer zone of the El Cajón stream within the urban perimeter of the municipality of Sesquilé, Cundinamarca. The study focused on applying Geographic Information Systems and topographic analysis to technically define the watercourse protection area. Cartographic, hydrometeorological, and satellite data were collected and processed to produce thematic maps on soils, vegetation cover, slopes, and land use. The results made it possible to establish a preliminary delineation of the buffer zone and identify areas under anthropic pressure and flood risk.Ítem Evaluación financiera y formulación de estrategias de crecimiento empresarial para la Empresa de consultoría en geomática INFRA TECH(Universidad DistritalFrancisco José de Caldas) Briceño Saldívar, Isaac Jesús; Alvarado Torres, Jhon EdissonThis document details the development of the degree project entitled, “FINANCIAL EVALUATION AND FORMULATION OF BUSINESS GROWTH STRATEGIES FOR THE GEOMATICS CONSULTING COMPANY INFRA TECH”, a company whose main goal is to lead geomatics consulting in Colombia in the long term. The text is framed in the monograph modality, which is regulated by Agreement 012 of December 13, 2022. The business plan is described, along with the entities that promote entrepreneurship in the country, the concept of a company and its classification, steps to establish a company, the legal framework, and the other necessary foundations for creating a business. A market study is conducted, detailing the social, economic, and political environment, identifying the needs to be addressed by the venture, and analyzing supply and demand, as well as the strategies to confront external market conditions. In the financial evaluation, the projections necessary for the business model to be viable are determined through initial data.Ítem Inspección de redes secas y húmedas para el estudio de enterrados por medio de RTK y georradar para el proyecto metro línea 1(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Zuleta Páez, Andrés Camilo; Orduña Diaz, John Alexander; Orduña Diaz John Alexander [0009-0001-9533-5502]This internship report was developed at GEOINGLOBE SAS over a period of three (3) months, between October 21, 2024, and January 10, 2025. Its purpose is to provide accurate information on the location, trajectory, and condition of the buried dry and wet networks in the area of the first metro line (ML1), which are involved in its construction in the areas between Av. Calle 1 and Carrera 24, continuing in the corridor between Av. Caracas and Calle 1, and ending at Av. Caracas and Calle 80. The lack of this information generates delays, additional costs, and risks to the safety of both workers and the community, since ruptures in the sector's networks can occur, leading to accidents in the intervention area.Ítem Control de asentamiento y desplazamiento estructural de edificios Proyecto Nova Tramonte – Constructora Bolívar(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Reyes Romero, David Leonardo; Rivas Diazgranados, MariamThis undergraduate thesis aims to develop and apply monitoring and control techniques for structural settlement and displacement in towers two, three, four, and five of the Nova Tramonte Project, carried out by Constructora Bolívar. To achieve this, high-precision instruments such as a total station (in reflective target and prism-less modes) and an optical mechanical level were used, implementing two complementary methodologies: one based on the use of reflective targets to record horizontal displacements and vertical settlements, and another using differential leveling and prism-less measurements to capture displacements in hard-to-access areas. The measurements, conducted biweekly, allowed for the detection of millimetric variations in the structure, the identification of behavioral patterns, and the assessment of geometric stability throughout the construction process. The results showed a stable structural behavior, with no critical deformations and a trend toward settlement stabilization in the final monitoring cycles. This rigorous monitoring validated the structural design, supported timely decision-making during construction, and proposed an effective topographic methodology for similar projects. Additionally, limitations were identified, such as the limited range of the instruments, time-consuming operations, and the inability to detect the underlying causes of structural movement—highlighting the need to complement geometric control with geotechnical studies. This work underscores the importance of systematic monitoring in buildings to ensure their safety, functionality, and durability, contributing to applied topographic engineering in highly demanding urban construction contexts.Ítem Apoyo en la elaboración del diagnóstico de la información catastral en el área rural del municipio de Argelia Cauca en el marco del proceso de actualización catastral con enfoque multipropósito(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Erira Miranda, Julian David; Barragan Zaque, William Benigno; Barragan Zaque, William Benigno [0000-0002-8234-1874]The internship was carried out at the Project Subdirectorate of the Colombian Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (IGAC), with the objective of supporting the preoperative stage of the multipurpose cadastre updating process in the rural area of the municipality of Argelia, Cauca. The work focused on preparing a diagnostic study through the identification, analysis, standardization, and consolidation of primary and secondary sources of alphanumeric, legal, and geographic data. The methodology implemented included the cleaning and normalization of information, legal and graphic analysis, as well as the cross-checking of sources to generate markers and identify land parcels with possible variations in their physical, legal, and alphanumeric components. The main results included Operational Treatment Zones represented through heat maps, a basic diagnostic report with consolidated alerts, a statistical file of parcels, and an interactive dashboard that facilitated the visualization and analysis of the territorial situation. These products constitute strategic inputs for subsequent phases of the updating process by providing structured, precise, and georeferenced information. The experience highlighted the role of the surveying engineer in cadastral management and strengthened skills in geographic information systems (GIS), databases, cadastre, cartography, and automation, contributing both to the achievement of IGAC’s institutional objectives and to the advancement of the multipurpose cadastre in prioritized territories with a PDET approach.Ítem Revisión de obstáculos aeronáuticos: apoyo técnico y gestión de base de datos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Aeronautica Civil de Colombia) Quiroga Velasco, Andrea KAterin; Quintana, RobinsonThe internship was carried out at the Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aviation of Colombia, focusing on the management and review of aeronautical obstacles, which are essential for aviation safety. By 2022, the available information was scattered across 1,327 Excel files, making consultation, analysis, and traceability difficult. The project involved designing and implementing an automated mechanism through the development of two Python scripts that enabled the extraction, cleaning, and consolidation of technical, administrative, and geographical data. One program processed files with a single coordinate point, while the other handled files with multiple points. The outcome was the creation of the BASE_2022 database, consolidating 4,405 records structured into administrative, technical, and georeferenced fields. This solution improved efficiency, reduced human errors, and strengthened decision-making in operational safety. The internship highlighted the importance of automation in aeronautical data management, providing a modern and reliable tool for the civil aviation authority.Ítem Apoyo a la gestión y adquisición predial para restablecer la conectividad vial entre el corregimiento de Curisí y el municipio de Pajarito.(Universidad Disrital Francisco José de Caldas) Gutiérrez Cabezas, Luisa Fernanda; Cañón Buitrago , Elkin Darío; Cañón Buitrago, Elkin Darío [0000-0001-7899-5093]This report presents the internship carried out at the Instituto Nacional de Vías (INVIAS), within the Subdirectorate of Sustainability, supporting the Land Management and Acquisition Group. The main objective was to contribute to the technical land component of contract No. 3015 of 2024, under a declared state of emergency to restore road connectivity between the corregimiento of Curisí and the municipality of Pajarito, Boyacá. The internship involved active participation in the review of land diagnoses and technical files, georeferencing of the topographic strip, and validation of documentation required for the acquisition of two strategic properties. Technical support was also provided for other contracts in execution or closure stages, ensuring compliance with current regulations. This experience provided a comprehensive understanding of land management processes, highlighting the importance of coordination among stakeholders, the application of topographic methodologies, and the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) to enhance process efficiency.Ítem Análisis de Impacto Ambiental y Levantamiento topográfico del proyecto “Plan Maestro de alcantarillado sanitario y pluvial en el municipio de San Juan de Rio Seco”Molina Pulido, Meliza; Uribe Betancourt, Luisa; Pardo Pinzón, JannethThe environmental impact assessment for the project to adjust studies and designs of the Master Plan for Sanitary and Storm Sewerage in the Municipality of San Juan de Rioseco is essential to ensure sustainability and minimize negative effects on the environment. This study identifies, evaluates, and proposes measures to mitigate the environmental impacts arising from infrastructure works. This assessment allows for the identification of potential impacts during the construction and operation phases of the sewerage system, addressing effects on soil, water, air, and biodiversity, as well as the socioeconomic repercussions for the community. The goal is to ensure that the development of sanitary and stormwater infrastructure meets environmental and social sustainability criteria, ensuring that improvements to basic services do not compromise the ecological stability of the territory. San Juan de Rioseco, located in the department of Cundinamarca, has environmentally sensitive conditions due to its topography, water resources, and associated ecosystems. Therefore, this analysis identifies possible alterations to the landscape, contamination of water sources, loss of vegetation, and impacts on wildlife, as well as temporary disturbances for the local population, such as noise and disruptions to mobility. The methodological approach used in the analysis includes the identification of impacts through the Leopold matrix, evaluating their magnitude, duration, and reversibility. Mitigation, prevention, and compensation strategies have been proposed, including emission control, proper waste management, reforestation, environmental quality monitoring, and ecological restoration plans. In addition, indicators are established to monitor environmental impacts throughout the project’s life cycle, ensuring compliance with current regulatory standards. In conclusion, although the project inevitably generates environmental impacts, proper planning and the implementation of mitigation measures will minimize negative effects, ensuring that improvements in sanitary and stormwater infrastructure are sustainable and beneficial for both the community and the environment.Ítem Creación de la empresa topoagro MyG S.A.S, con énfasis en la integración de las nuevas tecnologías topográficas, orientadas al avance de la agroindustria(Universidad Distrital Francisco José De Caldas) Guzmán Mosos, Andrés Felipe; Malaver Peláez, Edison Javier; Benigno Barragán, WilliamThe main objective of this project is the creation and structuring of a business plan for a company called TopoAgro MyG. Its purpose is to provide surveying services to small, medium, and large companies within the Colombian agro-industrial sector, using both conventional methods and new technologies to improve performance, efficiency, and productivity in this field. To build a successful organization, it is essential to have cutting-edge equipment that meets the sector’s demands, as well as qualified personnel capable of executing and developing all types of challenges or projects. Additionally, a clear vision and a business plan are required to support and guide the company’s internal decision-making processes. Currently, surveying engineering offers various alternatives to solve multiple issues across different areas of the country’s socioeconomic development. For this reason, the development of a business plan is proposed for a company focused on the agro-industry, providing the knowledge and technology needed to deliver effective solutions. Various current challenges and needs within the sector have been identified, and this project seeks to make a meaningful contribution to boosting this key industry for national development.Ítem Apoyo técnico en la adquisición de predios para proyecto de infraestructura vial en Instituto Nacional De Vías(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pedraza Medellin, Angela Lizeth; María Fernanda, Galvis Lagos; María Fernanda, Galvis Lagos [0000-0002-5475-7581]This undergraduate thesis presents the experience acquired during an internship at the Subdirectorate of Land Management and Acquisition of the National Institute of Roads (INVIAS), aimed at providing technical support in land acquisition processes for road infrastructure projects. The tasks involved reviewing and validating property documentation, preparing control sheets, documentary inventories, technical reports, and organizing the institutional repository. Additionally, the work contributed to strengthening procedures through the application of technical regulations, the use of GIS tools, and topographic technologies such as drones. This experience enhanced document quality and strengthened professional skills in the context of public land management.Ítem Aplicación del algoritmo dijkstra para la optimización de rutas de recolección de residuos sólidos en Bogotá(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Garay Gómez, Sergio Andrés; Marín Castro, Julian Santiago; Vargas Vargas, Wilson ErnestoThe application of Dijkstra's algorithm for optimizing solid waste collection routes represents a notable innovation in environmental management and urban maintenance logistics. In a context where efficiency and sustainability are essential, this approach offers an intelligent and technologically advanced solution to address the challenges of waste collection. By utilizing optimization techniques and data analysis, Dijkstra's algorithm allows for the design of optimal routes that minimize resources and maximize collection efficiency. This not only involves reducing the distance traveled but also considers factors such as vehicle load capacity and collection schedules. This strategy adapts to the specific needs of each collection area, improving operational efficiency and reducing negative environmental impacts. In summary, the application of Dijkstra's algorithm in solid waste management provides an innovative and effective solution to enhance sustainability and efficiency in waste collection.Ítem Apoyo en la coordinación de proyectos para la ejecución de estudios técnicos orientados a la modelación 3D de túneles mineros implementando tecnología LiDAR SLAM(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Chumbe Rodríguez, Jhoan Fernando; Pardo Pinzón, JannethThis report presents the results of the undergraduate project carried out through an internship at Geoinglobe SAS, as part of the requirements for obtaining the degree of Surveying Engineer. The project focused on supporting the coordination of topographic surveys applied to the 3D modeling of 81 mining tunnels, using LiDAR-SLAM technology integrated with GNSS systems in RTK mode. The main objective of the internship was to develop and implement a work methodology for underground environments, where conventional topographic methods present significant limitations. This was achieved by employing LiDAR-SLAM technology, which enables the capture of high-density point clouds with geometric precision, while GNSS RTK georeferencing ensures the accurate spatial alignment of field-captured data. Throughout the internship, the challenge of effectively integrating and synthesizing this methodology was addressed, focusing on two key project areas: the development of field-works data acquisition protocols and data processing and quality control procedures adapted to underground mining conditions. This experience contributed to strengthening the company’s operational capabilities in this type of surveying work, adding value to the planning and management of mining projects through high-precision 3D models.Ítem Determinación de áreas óptimas a partir de la nubosidad y topografía como factores determinantes para la generación de energía solar en el de partamento de Nariño(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Loaiza Álvarez , Paola Andrea; Rodríguez Herrera, Andrés Fernando; Aldana Boutin, Rose MarieSolar energy production is a technical, environmental, and economic alternative for solving energy coverage problems in remote areas of Colombia. The department of Nariño is a critical case, as there are at least 600 Non-Interconnected Zones (NIZs) there, i.e., localities not connected to the National Interconnected System (SIN). This implies a real loss due to the lack of electricity service, which impedes the social and productive development of these localities (Vivas, 2024). Added to this are the high costs of electricity service, which can reach values close to $785.26 per kWh, and the existing energy inequity, which reflects an economic burden on households (Barrera, 2022). In response to this problem, renewable energy generation systems are emerging as sustainable solutions. Among these, solar photovoltaic energy stands out for its potential for implementation in rural and isolated areas, thanks to the reduction in technological costs, the expansion of systems, and its low environmental impact. This means greater utilization and a direct contribution to climate change mitigation, as it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions (Solmic, 2024; UPME, 2024). However, the viability of solar projects depends largely on local environmental and geographic conditions. Among these most influential factors are cloudiness and topography. In fact, cloudiness is a critical variable, as it reduces incidents of solar radiation through reflection, scattering, and absorption. These phenomena vary according to cloud thickness and density. This direct reduction in radiation affects the performance of solar panels, especially in mountainous and humid regions such as southern Colombia (Contreras, 2016; SolarGIS, 2024). Likewise, topography influences the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, as it influences parameters such as land orientation and slope, as well as shadow projection, all of which are crucial for optimal solar radiation capture (Báez & Gómez, 2020). Therefore, the following research aims to determine the optimal areas for the development of solar projects in the department of Nariño, integrating the spatial analysis of two main variables: cloud cover and topography (slope and aspect). This combination allows for the identification of areas with high solar generation potential that are, in turn, technically viable from the perspective of infrastructure installation. The methodology initially includes a specialized literature review on solar energy and geospatial analysis, followed by the collection of climatic (cloud cover) and topographic (slope and aspect derived from digital elevation models) data. Solar radiation data (PVOUT) provided by the SolarGIS platform will then be used. Information on the national road network from the National Road Institute (INVIAS) will be integrated (2024) to assess the accessibility of the identified areas. After processing this data using a Geographic Information System (GIS), a multi-criteria model will be applied, allowing the territory to be classified into three suitability levels: high, medium, and low. Finally, the analysis will identify the areas with the greatest potential for implementing solar projects in the department, providing technical input for territorial energy planning, especially within the framework of rural electrification and energy transition programs in the ZNI. These results will be accompanied by thematic maps, classification tables, and specific recommendations to facilitate decision-making by government entities, non-governmental organizations, and energy sector stakeholders.Ítem Actualización del monitor de inclusión social en obras de infraestructura vial(Universdad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Lozano Salcedo , Danna Gabriela; Aldana Boutin , Rose MarieThis document presents a thesis project in the form of an internship aimed at updating and improving the Social Inclusion Monitor of the National Roads Institute (Invias). This tool is designed to visualize and communicate information about community participation in road infrastructure projects. The project seeks to optimize current indicators and processes of the monitor to more effectively capture aspects such as citizen participation, access to opportunities, and equitable distribution of benefits, thereby promoting more informed decision-making and inclusive policies in the road sector.Ítem Apoyo en levantamientos GPR y análisis topográfico para la inspección de infraestructura en proyectos de ingenieríaSaenz Gacharna, María Paula; Giraldo Giraldo , Tulio León; Cañón Buitrago, Elkin Darío; Cañón Buitrago, Elkin Darío [0000-0001-7899-5093]This report presents the internship experience at GEORADARES BÚSQUEDAS E INGENIERÍA S.A.S., where non-invasive technologies such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were applied for subsurface analysis in infrastructure projects. Topographic surveys, GPR scans, and data processing were carried out in three contexts: hospital (Duitama), urban (Bogotá), and environmental (Putumayo). The document includes methodology, graphic results, interpretative plans, and technical conclusions, serving as a reference for future geophysical and topographic interventions.Ítem SIG e hidrología: Optimizando el sistema de alcantarillado de Carmen de Carupa(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) Tirado Ortíz, Santiago; Abril Olivos, Levis; Aldana Boutin, Rose MarieThis document presents the results of an academic practice developed, focused on conducting a comprehensive flood hazard assessment in the municipality of Carmen de Carupa, located in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, with the purpose of generating specialized technical information for the modernization of the municipal Sewerage Master Plan. Implementing a methodological approach of spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies using ArcGIS software, combining information from a detailed precision Digital Elevation Model (DEM), meteorological records from the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), and the cadastral database of the current sewerage infrastructure.Ítem Evaluación de la precisión espacial de datos Lidar a partir de la comparación con la topografía convencional en el canal salitre, en Bogotá.(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) Retavisca Bernal, Anderson Stiven; Barragán Zaque, William FernandoIn the context of urban planning and resource management projects in Bogotá, it is crucial to evaluate the accuracy of lidar data compared to conventional surveying. This assessment provides a fundamental basis for ensuring the reliability and usefulness of geospatial data for decision-making. This study evaluates the positional accuracy of a lidar point cloud dataset using the statistical methodology of the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) standard of the Federal Geographic Data Committee. The study was carried out in Barrios Unidos, covering sections of the Simón Bolívar, San Fernando, Doce de Octubre, La Libertad, Entreríos, Julio Flores, Santa Rosa, and Potosí neighborhoods, approximately 6 km of the Salitre Canal. The main objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the lidar data obtained using UAVs and compare it with a conventional topographic survey in the aforementioned area. Differential static positioning and geometric leveling techniques were used, following the standards established in the EAAB (Bogotá Water and Sewer Company) standard NS30 V5.4, to ensure measurement accuracy. The LIDAR point cloud was captured in 2018, while the conventional topographic survey was conducted between January 20 and March 10, 2024. The results showed that both differential static positioning and geometric leveling met established accuracy standards. RMSE values indicate that lidar data are suitable for working scales of 1:1000 to 1:2000 horizontally and vertically. However, for projects requiring higher accuracy, combining lidar data with other data collection methods is recommended.Ítem El catastro multiproposito en Bucaramanaga: avances y desafios en la gestión del territorio(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Bermudez Jaimes , Sergio Augusto; Arenales Ramirez , Julieth Katherine; Galvis Lagos , Maria Fernanda; Galvis Lagos, Maria Fernanda [0000-0002-5475-7581]In Colombia, the multipurpose cadastre has become a fundamental tool for land use planning and sustainable development by integrating physical, legal, economic and social data that improve territorial planning and management. In Bucaramanga, its implementation has been key to face challenges such as informality in land tenure and the lack of modern instruments for territorial management. Between 2020 and 2024, Bucaramanga has made significant progress, such as the incorporation of more than 14,000 new properties and the digitalization of cadastral procedures through an online platform. However, technical, financial and social challenges persist, especially in rural and vulnerable areas. The study analyzes the regulations, institutional structure and achievements, but also points out limitations such as the lack of coordination between entities and the resistance of some sectors of the population. Finally, it proposes strengthening the AMB's human and technological talent, educating the population about the benefits of the multipurpose cadastre, and applying international best practices for more efficient and inclusive territorial governance.Ítem Actualización georreferenciación de zonas de mayor potencial solar para la generación de energía fotovoltaica en la región central RAP-E(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Gallo Loaiza, Luis Fernando; Escobar Diaz, AndresThis study focuses on calculating solar energy potential in the RAP-E Central Region in order to provide preliminary indications of areas where significant solar photovoltaic energy installations could be implemented in the region's transformation to clean energy. Based on the study carried out on the georeferencing of the areas with the greatest energy potential for photovoltaic energy by engineer Ángel Ocasiones in 2020, where radiation values are calculated for the time together with the information obtained in the Atlas of solar, ultraviolet and ozone radiation of Colombia published in 2017 by IDEAM and UPME using the graphic outputs of the areas of average horizontal global radiation of the country and from geoprocesses carried out in the ArcMap software, said plans were vectorized obtaining the information of the areas with the greatest solar potential indicated in a geovisor on the network, calculating the areas obtained from the different levels of radiation that fall on the central RAP-E region, proposing which areas would be viable for the installation of photovoltaic solar energy projects, showing the results in a geovisor on the network, giving a preliminary view for the location of future photovoltaic solar energy projects in the area.