Análisis de la transmisión de energía sísmica en la desencadenación de erupciones volcánicas según el tipo de suelo: un enfoque en el Volcán Machín

Abstract

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are among the most destructive natural phenomena on Earth. The relationship between these two events is complex and not yet fully understood. One hypothesis suggests that the energy waves generated by an earthquake could trigger a volcanic eruption by altering the pressure and temperature of the magma. Seismic waves may also cause magma to rise or fall, heat up or cool down. Additionally, rock fracturing in areas such as domes, craters, and calderas can destabilize the magma and lead to an eruption. The Machín volcano is an active volcano located in the Central Andes mountain range of Colombia, in the department of Tolima. It consists of a series of volcanic cones separated by depressions or calderas. The regions near Andean volcanoes typically feature a type of soil known as "Andosols," which possess unique physical and chemical properties. The characteristics of the soils in the Machín Volcano area (VCM) may influence how seismic energy is transmitted through the ground. For example, the velocity of seismic wave propagation through solid materials depends on the medium’s density and rigidity. This study evaluates the transmission of seismic energy with a focus on soil properties such as density, plasticity, elasticity, and permeability, and how these factors relate to the behavior of S-waves as they travel through the soil.