Tecnología en Construcciones Civiles
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1922
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Ítem Diagnóstico y estudio de alternativas para el manejo de las aguas residuales domésticas en la Vereda Kasiano Chak, en el Resguardo Indígena de Guambia - Departamento del Cauca(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Morales Muelas, Carlos Andrés; García Ubaque , César Augusto; García Ubaque, César Augusto [0000-0002-6959-6610]The Indigenous peoples of Colombia face major environmental challenges due to the inadequate management of domestic wastewater, which affects both their natural environment and their systems of knowledge. In the case of the Guambía Reserve, located in Silvia, Cauca, the lack of land-use planning, housing built without technical assistance, and the absence of environmental education exacerbate sanitation and public health problems. This situation reflects a debt on the part of the State, which lacks updated data on sanitation coverage in Indigenous territories, thereby failing to comply with the recommendations of international organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to implement public policies with a differential approach that integrate ancestral knowledge with modern techniques, strengthening the capacities of the cabildo and the community to manage their resources sustainably and in harmony with nature.Ítem Trabajo de grado en la modalidad de pasantía en la empresa CODEMAK S.A.S. departamento de área de dibujo y construcción de obras civiles. Proyecto, estudios y diseños para la rehabilitación del espacio público Parque Intersección el Maizaro Cra 33 al Parque del Hacha en el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta e Instructivo para procesos de rehabilitación urbana en Villavicencio Meta(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Hernández Suárez, Juan David; Mena Serna, MiltonThis final internship report presents key criteria for properly carrying out urban rehabilitation within the framework of territorial planning in the municipality of Villavicencio, Meta. It addresses topics such as the requirements for an urban regeneration project to be funded by the General System of Royalties (SGR); the identification of shortcomings in public space rehabilitation throughout the municipality of Villavicencio, Meta; the applicable regulations for this type of project; the presentation of a case study within the municipality; and the provision of a guideline for urban rehabilitation processes.Ítem Manual para la interpretación de pruebas de esfuerzo en cimentaciones profundas.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Guerrero Niño, María Paula; Clavijo Rincón, Andrés HoracioQuality control in deep foundations is a fundamental aspect for ensuring the safety and durability of structures. In this context, Pile Integrity Testing (PIT) and Dynamic Load Testing (DLT) are consolidated as essential tools for verifying and validating pile performance. The non-destructive PIT test, based on wave propagation, allows for the identification of anomalies in the cross and longitudinal sections of piles, ensuring their structural continuity. The DLT test, for its part, evaluates pile bearing capacity by analyzing force and velocity signals, complemented by numerical modeling that breaks down the contribution of the shaft and tip. This paper presents the theoretical foundations, the field execution methodology, and the criteria for interpreting the results of both tests, in accordance with ASTM standards and national regulations (NSR-10). In addition, the main actions to consider when rejecting piles and alternative reinforcement or redesign options are presented. This study seeks to contribute to the professional practice of civil engineering by providing a technical approach that strengthens the understanding and correct application of these tests in deep foundation projects.Ítem Informe pasantía como auxiliar de ingeniería en la empresa: construcciones & remodelaciones l.d.m(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Fonseca, Laura Daniela; Bueno Pinzón, MauricioThis report describes the activities carried out during the internship at the company Construcciones & Remodelaciones L.D.M, in the city of Bogotá D.C., as a requirement for obtaining the degree of Technologist in Civil Construction from the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. The main purpose of the internship was to support the administrative and technical management of various construction and remodeling projects, reinforcing the skills acquired in the academic program through practical experience both in the field and in the office.Ítem Auxiliar de ingenieria en la empresa Ingecona S.A.S(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rubiano Moreno , Bryan Nicolas; Pinzon López, HéctorThis report reflects the main activities carried out during my internship at Ingecona S.AS. These activities focused on the use and management of the SECOP I and II platform for public bidding and data optimization to improve the preparation and presentation of proposals in SECOP I and II.Ítem Análisis de patologías estructurales en columnas y los ensayos aplicables en los laboratorios de Cemex(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Camacho Maldonado, Jhonatan David; Clavijo Rincón, Andrés HoracioThe inspection of concrete columns is essential to ensure the structural safety and durability of buildings. Early detection of structural issues allows for the identification of deficiencies before they develop into critical failures, thereby ensuring the integrity of the structure. Preventing accidents and material damage is another key aspect, as the failure of a column can lead to collapses that endanger occupants' lives and cause significant economic losses. The durability and functionality of concrete structures largely depend on the integrity of their load-bearing elements, with columns being particularly important. However, various factors can compromise their performance, giving rise to what is known as concrete pathologies. Our own technical preparation as engineers and technologists is the best path to minimizing defects and failures in construction. Since concrete pathologies are wide-ranging, this study will focus specifically on all structural pathologies affecting columns, the treatments applied to them, and the research conducted.Ítem Realizar el apoyo administrativo en los procesos de autoevaluación y acreditación en el Proyecto Curricular de Tecnología en Construcciones e Ingeniería Civiles de la Universidad Distrital.(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Chiquillo Ruiz, Wilman Andrey; López Palomino, Paulo Marcelo; Medina González, Magda Liliana; Medina González, Magda Liliana [0009-0006-2237-8962]This document constitutes the final individual report of the activities carried out during my internship at the Francisco José de Caldas District University. The main objective of this report is to provide a detailed and reasoned account of the tasks and responsibilities assumed, as well as the results obtained within the framework of the administrative support for the self-assessment and accreditation processes of the curricular projects in Civil Construction Technology and Civil Engineering. Throughout the 192 hours of the internship, various activities were carried out aimed at solving the objectives set forth in the 2024 Civil Construction Improvement Plan. These activities included the analysis of relevant information, the digitization of reports, the preparation of opinion documents and recommendations, and the collection of input to complement the work completed on digital platforms such as Word, Excel, and forms. The content of this report reflects the completion of 100% of the hours established for the internal internship, as well as the commitment and dedication demonstrated in each of the assigned tasks. It is hoped that the information presented here will contribute to a better understanding of the self-assessment and accreditation processes and serve as a basis for informed decision-making in the future.Ítem Ladrillos de concreto con agregado grueso reciclado y limadura de hierro(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Castañeda Padilla, Daniel Felipe; Abril Montoya, Michael Steven; Lopez Palomino , Paulo MarceloThis monograph analyzes the production and evaluation of concrete bricks made from coarse recycled aggregate (RCA) sourced from construction and demolition waste, combined with iron filings, in order to assess their structural viability and environmental sustainability. Several mixtures with varying percentages of iron filings were designed and tested, following an experimental methodology aligned with national (NTC) and international (ASTM) standards, supported by previous research on alternative concrete materials. The samples were tested for physical and mechanical properties, including compressive strength, water absorption, and apparent density. Results showed that using RCA alone significantly reduced the material's strength, whereas the progressive addition of iron filings considerably improved its performance. A maximum compressive strength of 32.03 MPa was achieved with 7.5% iron filings, surpassing conventional concrete brick standards. This study demonstrates the technical and environmental feasibility of producing masonry units by reusing solid waste, reducing the ecological footprint of construction practices, and supporting the Sustainable Development Goals.Ítem Pasantía como asistente de ingeniería en construcciones civiles en la unidad administrativa para la gestión de riesgo de desastres(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) bravo diaz, adriana lucia; Velandia Rodriguez , Carlos HerbertyI completed my internship at the Special Administrative Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UAEGRD) in the department of Cundinamarca. During this internship, I provided technical support through on-site inspections, agreement monitoring, and risk prevention and mitigation activities. The UAEGRD, guided by Law 1523 of 2012, works on risk management in the department's 116 municipalities. As part of my work, I developed a guide to guide the public on managing disaster risk reduction (PQRS). This experience allowed me to apply the knowledge acquired during my training as a Civil Construction Technologist. My contribution contributed to strengthening risk management in the region.Ítem Evaluación de las afectaciones en el hábitat por fenómenos naturales en zonas de conflicto armado y su incidencia en la sustentabilidad del territorio(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Páez Gamboa, Mary Estrella; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo; Pineda Jaimes Jorge Arturo [0000-0002-0953-9745]This work arises from the research project "Narratives of truth, memory, and restorative justice for peacebuilding with an intersectional gender perspective," endorsed by the Office of Research (ODI) under SICIUD code 4-160-670-23 in Call 01 of 2023. This document describes the use of a multicriteria analysis methodology as a tool for evaluating natural factors that translate into flood and landslide threats in regions of the country impacted by the armed conflict. This evaluation focuses on the following municipalities: Florencia and La Montañita (Caquetá), Vistahermosa (Meta), and Valencia (Córdoba). To evaluate threats within the framework of DRR, a multicriteria analysis tool was implemented, establishing evaluation criteria and defining ratings for the variables that constitute the threat posed by the phenomena studied. The implementation of this methodology made it possible to establish the hazard levels associated with flooding and landslides in the aforementioned municipalities. This result was achieved through several stages of work, which included data collection and characterization of the physical environment. This methodology allowed for the identification, classification, and ranking of the areas with the highest hazard levels within the selected municipalities, establishing differentiated hazard maps for flooding and landslides. These results not only contribute to the spatial understanding of risk in vulnerable rural areas, but also constitute a basis for technical support in territorial planning processes, the development of land use planning instruments, and the design of adaptation strategies to the effects of climate change.Ítem Estado del arte. Propiedades mecánicas y sostenibilidad de la Guadua Angustifolia Kunth como material de construcción(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cañate Rivero, Juliana; López Palomino, Paulo MarceloThis monograph provides a state-of-the-art review on the mechanical properties and sustainability of Guadua Angustifolia Kunth as an alternative construction material. Its mechanical characteristics were compared with traditional materials like concrete and steel, and its positive environmental impact in construction processes was analyzed. The descriptive methodology involved a comprehensive literature review (studies, books, articles, and theses) at both national and international levels. Findings indicate that guadua exhibits remarkable mechanical behavior, with high flexural and tensile strength, and excellent energy dissipation capacity, making it a safe option for earthquake-resistant structures. Furthermore, its rapid growth, contribution to erosion control, and significant CO2 absorption position it as a sustainable alternative. Although its implementation faces challenges such as low industrialization, the need for skilled labor, and lack of regulation, the study concludes that guadua is a strategic resource for sustainable construction, ecosystem restoration, and local socioeconomic development, particularly in tropical regions. Its capacity to complement conventional materials is highlighted, as well as the importance of training programs to overcome adoption barriers.Ítem Análisis Micro-petrográfico de secciones delgadas extraídas del batolito antioqueño en el Municipio de Barbosa, Antioquia.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Peña Rincón, Anny Micheel; Corredor Jorge, José Bernardo; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo; Peña Rincón, Anny Micheel [0009-0004-0908-8616]; Corredor Jorge, José Bernardo [0009-0001-6310-0549]; Pineda,Jorge Arturo [0000-0002-0953-9745]This study focuses on the microscopic petrographic analysis of thin sections obtained from the Antioquian batholith, specifically in the municipality of Barbosa, Antioquia. The study focuses on evaluating the mineralogical composition and the effects of weathering on residual and paralitic soils at different depths. The methodology employed includes the use of petrographic microscopy to analyze the thin sections and characterize the differences in composition, texture, and microstructure of the samples. The analysis seeks to quantify the proportion of minerals present through the use of fractal geometry, a method that allows the measurement and characterization of mineral particle sizes and shapes. Finally, the research seeks to contribute to the development of a micro-petrographic index, based on the mineralogical characterization of the samples, that complements previous studies and, with chemical analysis, allows a better understanding of residual and saprolitic soils derived from granodiorite.Ítem Estudio deselección de una solución de energía solar en los edificios techné y lectus de la Facultad Tecnológica(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas.) Romero Barrera, Sara Valentina; Vargas Torres, Gissell Andrea; Mena Serna, Milton; Mena Serna, Milton [0000-0002-7377-2787]The present research evaluates the feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic solar energy system at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, considering technical, structural, economic, and environmental factors. The study highlights how the integration of solar panels in buildings has increased over the last decade, driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Different types of solar panels and their support structures are analyzed, considering the challenges associated with their installation in urban buildings, such as weight, resistance to adverse weather conditions, and thermal efficiency. Additionally, government policies that promote the use of renewable energies and the long-term economic benefits of these systems are reviewed. The study concludes that the adoption of solar energy at the university would not only significantly reduce its carbon footprint but also serve as a model for other educational institutions, fostering research and awareness about renewable energies. Likewise, it would contribute to positioning the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas as a benchmark in sustainability and technology applied to education. Keywords: solar system, solar panels, solar energyÍtem Estado del arte de los nanobots (mems) para la salud estructural del concreto en Colombia(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) González López, Nicolas Alejandro; Mena Serna, MiltonConstruction plays a crucial role in Colombia's economy, serving as a key driver for infrastructure development and social well-being. However, the industry faces significant challenges related to the quality and durability of concrete structures, essential elements for ensuring the long-term safety and functionality of buildings. In this context, accurate methods for monitoring the internal conditions of concrete during setting and throughout its service life are essential. Traditionally, assessment approaches have relied on external measurements, which do not provide reliable information on critical internal parameters such as temperature and humidity. This limitation can cause defects in the setting process and lead to premature pathologies, such as corrosion, that compromise structural integrity. The humid tropical climate of various regions of Colombia, characterized by high temperatures and constant rainfall, intensifies the risks derived from extreme variations in temperature and humidity within the concrete. These adverse weather conditions can negatively affect concrete performance, making the implementation of more accurate and effective internal monitoring systems even more urgent. In recent years, major infrastructure projects have been undertaken in Colombia, such as hydroelectric plants, dams, and bridges, requiring continuous monitoring to ensure their long-term structural performance. Given this scenario, this research proposal explores the use of nanobots, specifically microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as an innovative solution for nondestructive monitoring of internal concrete conditions. MEMS are state-of-the-art nanobot (MEMS) devices for the structural health of concrete in Colombia. Miniaturized devices integrate micrometer-scale mechanical and electronic components, allowing their insertion into the concrete mix without affecting its properties. These nanodevices enable real-time data collection on critical variables such as temperature and humidity, providing continuous assessment of concrete condition and facilitating informed decision-making during the construction process. Nanotechnology, and more specifically the development of nanosensors, has represented a significant advance in the monitoring capacity of concrete structures. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of using MEMS sensors to measure essential variables within cementitious matrices, enabling precise and continuous measurements. This approach not only improves building quality but also optimizes construction processes, ensuring safer and more durable buildings.Ítem Estado del arte sobre el método del túnel de viento en Colombia para medir su fiabilidad(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Orjuela Gaitan, Michael Esteban; Mena Serna, MiltonThe measurement of wind loads on structures is a fundamental part for the design resistant to adverse effects, the NSR-10 in title B (Loads) presents 3 models for this analysis through the simplified procedure, analytical procedure and wind tunnel; The wind tunnel procedure is used when the results of the previous methods are not sufficient to determine the stability of the structure, to supply this problem the structure is modeled to scale to subject it to stability tests and estimation of forces simulating wind conditions as close to reality as possible. Many of the investigations for load problems have been done through the wind tunnel procedure, at the time and one of the most famous is the fall of the Tacoma Narros Bridge (USA, 1940) part by which research of this type of forces were encouraged, in that investigation through a conventional wind tunnel and over the years in different projects its fall is adjusted by the Resonance effect (determined by the Natural frequency of the structure), in recent research from the University of the Basque Country. In Spain, it was concluded that its fall was actually due to an effect called fluttering due to combined suction and pressure forces. This leads us to question the veracity of the results of other investigations and leads us to our main problem.Ítem Estado del arte sobre métodos de monitoreo de salud estructural(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Hende Barajas, Santiago Andrés; Mena Serna, MiltonStructural health monitoring (SHM) has become an essential tool in civil engineering to ensure the safety and performance of infrastructure, especially in the face of aging structures and the occurrence of extreme events such as earthquakes or hurricanes. The central theme of this work is to analyze and classify the most appropriate SHM methods according to structural characteristics, addressing both traditional techniques and recent innovations such as wireless sensors and artificial intelligence. The justification for this study lies in the increasing complexity and age of civil infrastructure, which requires efficient monitoring systems that can detect damage and plan appropriate maintenance. Furthermore, the work seeks to provide engineers, technologists, and policymakers with a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions about the implementation of SHM systems, optimizing resources and improving public safety.Ítem Fortalecimiento de la transmisión de las tradiciones y conocimientos ancestrales a través de la construcción y mejoramiento de la casa de pensamiento del resguardo de Chiles del gran pueblo de los Pastos en el Departamento de Nariño(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rivera Soto, Johan Sebastian; Zambrano Urbano, Harold León; Zambrano Urbano, Harold León [ 0000-0002-7395-2286 ]Las culturas indígenas siempre han tenido espacios dedicados a compartir la palabra mediante las mingas de pensamiento, pero lamentablemente estos lugares se han ido perdiendo por el descuido de la comunidad. Ante esta situación, surgen alternativas que buscan visibilizar estos espacios, siendo uno de ellos el proyecto "Fortalecimiento de la transmisión de las tradiciones y conocimientos ancestrales a través de la construcción y mejoramiento de la casa de pensamiento del Resguardo Indígena de Chiles del gran pueblo de los Pastos." Este proyecto se considera viable por varias razones fundamentales, como el enriquecimiento cultural, la preservación de la identidad y el fortalecimiento social dentro de la comunidad del Resguardo Indígena de Chiles. La propuesta está enmarcada en objetivos que permitirán al residente realizar un acompañamiento constante y control de calidad en la maquinaria y los suministros de la obra, con el fin de llevar un registro preciso en la bitácora de actividades y asegurar el correcto desarrollo del proyecto. Además, se hará un seguimiento sobre el uso adecuado de la maquinaria y herramientas para evitar accidentes, y se llevará a cabo un control exhaustivo sobre el manejo de los residuos, todo conforme a la normativa vigente. Con esta alternativa, se busca trascender y brindar un aporte significativo a un pueblo que no desea ser olvidado, sino seguir transmitiendo sus saberes a las generaciones futuras, para que puedan compartir y aprender de los ancestros, líderes comunitarios, Taitas y Mamas del territorio. La importancia de la construcción y mejora de la casa de pensamiento radica en la preservación de los saberes adquiridos por los ancestros, que de otro modo podrían perderse. Este proyecto se convierte en la base para la preservación de la identidad cultural, ya que en estos espacios se resguardan y fortalecen las tradiciones, rituales y conocimientos ancestrales propios de la población. Los beneficios sociales y culturales de este proyecto son amplios, entre ellos, contar con un lugar donde la comunidad pueda realizar las mingas de pensamiento, aplicar sus usos y costumbres, fortalecer su idiosincrasia e incentivar la tradición oral, todo con el fin de visibilizar a los pueblos indígenas. Durante la pasantía, se llevaron a cabo diversas actividades para la construcción de la casa de pensamiento, como la supervisión técnica de la obra y el control del inventario de materiales, lo que permitió realizar un acompañamiento constante en toda la obra, asegurando que la construcción se cimentara correctamente desde sus bases fundamentales.Ítem Desarrollo de un prototipo de aplicativo móvil en android para la evaluación de factores detonantes de movimientos en masa(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Díaz Arenas, Mayerli; Ravelo Malagón, César Nevardo; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo [0000-0002-0953-9745]In this document we will have the development of DECRIPD (version 1.0) in an Android programming language to detect triggering factors, geological, geomorphological, hydrological aspects, vegetation cover, anthropic activities, among others, that can generate mass movements. The above is developed from the systematic collection of information in the field, with the use of photographs and other direct measurements, contrasting with secondary information collected in the official cartography of state institutions such as the Colombian Geological Service, the IDEAM, the Regional Autonomous Corporations, among others. For this application prototype it is important to acquire examples through photographs and locations, generating patterns of distinction, the cases presented in different places in Colombia in which the environment presents abnormalities were used as a guide. The prototype can make a preliminary diagnosis and provide information about the phenomenon that is presented. For this, the application must be provided with the entire conceptual framework that covers the various mass movements, thus guiding it to have an automatic response to an image provided along with its location. Thus, an application prototype was obtained that can systematically evaluate susceptibility factors to mass movements so that interested communities can use it to help and serve as education of basic concepts associated with risk management for mass movements.Ítem Pasantía como auxiliar de laboratorio en estudio de suelos en Concreservicios S.A.S(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Cortés Pinto, Laura Daniela; Esquivel Ramírez , Esquivel Ramírez; Esquivel Ramírez , Esquivel Ramírez [ 0000-0002-6048-7098 ]; García Barreto, Germán Alberto (Catalogador)This undergraduate thesis presents the internship carried out at Concreservicios S.A.S as a laboratory assistant in the field of soil studies. The main objective of the internship was to apply the knowledge acquired during the academic training by conducting laboratory tests for soil classification and analysis, following regulations established by INVIAS and the Colombian Technical Standard (NTC). During the internship, various tests were performed, including the methylene blue value, sand equivalent, polished stone value (PSV), and organic matter content by ignition, which are essential for characterizing materials used in road infrastructure and civil works. Additionally, experience was gained in managing the "Génesis" database to ensure accurate record-keeping and traceability of samples, maintaining quality control and precision in results. The study also discusses challenges faced, such as material shortages and equipment malfunctions, along with the solutions implemented to maintain workflow continuity. Finally, key learnings are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of precision in soil testing to ensure construction stability and safety.Ítem Prototipo de aplicación móvil utilizando inteligencia artificial para determinar eflorescencias de sal de vanadio en mampuesto de arcilla(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Barcenas Muriel, Lady Milena; Mena, MiltonA practical application prototype was developed to facilitate the work of professionals or users through mobile tools, thus solving problems in the shortest time possible. Therefore, the usefulness of the application regarding masonry pathology is to provide information and resources to construction professionals and building owners on how to identify, diagnose, and solve issues related to vanadium salt efflorescence in masonry. The application includes tools to help users assess the condition of their structures, as well as tips and recommendations for addressing the identified pathologies.