Estado del arte sobre métodos de monitoreo de salud estructural

Abstract

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become an essential tool in civil engineering to ensure the safety and performance of infrastructure, especially in the face of aging structures and the occurrence of extreme events such as earthquakes or hurricanes. The central theme of this work is to analyze and classify the most appropriate SHM methods according to structural characteristics, addressing both traditional techniques and recent innovations such as wireless sensors and artificial intelligence. The justification for this study lies in the increasing complexity and age of civil infrastructure, which requires efficient monitoring systems that can detect damage and plan appropriate maintenance. Furthermore, the work seeks to provide engineers, technologists, and policymakers with a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions about the implementation of SHM systems, optimizing resources and improving public safety.