Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1967

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Sistema transmisión-recepción 5G usando la técnica de acceso no ortogonal NOMA con dispositivos de radio definida por software
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Lara, Daniel Felipe; Morales Ramírez, Ronald Sebastián; Pedraza Martínez, Luis Fernando
This paper addresses the issue of significant latency and lower user capacity of the access technique in the context of 5G OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) wireless telecommunications compared to NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access). This situation highlights the need to develop a more efficient communications system. To this end, a 5G transmit-receive communications system has been implemented using software defined radio (ADALM PLUTO) in the downlink and the NOMA technique, known for its ability to support up to three times more users in the same frequency band and reduce latency by 50% compared to OFDM [1]. The system was modeled and designed using MATLAB, a tool that allows simulating and analyzing various aspects of the system, including signal transmission and reception, wireless channel and NOMA algorithms. Specific NOMA algorithms were developed and optimized with the Adalm Pluto equipment, focusing on power and resource allocation to maximize system performance. This allowed evaluation of key metrics such as bit error rate (BER), system capacity, signal power and spectral efficiency. The results were presented in a user-friendly graphical interface, providing detailed information about the system behavior under practical conditions. The research question guiding this project is: What are the optimal parameters that allow the 5G transmit-receive system using NOMA with software defined radio devices to be a viable solution with respect to other access techniques?
Pasantía en el marco del convenio 1082 de 2023 entre la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UD) y la Unidad Nacional de Protección (UNP) para el apoyo técnico y administrativo en el diseño de recomendaciones de mejoras del sistema de monitoreo de redes y del centro de operación de red (NOC) de la UNP
Díaz Ríos, Jhonnatan Steven; Escobar Díaz, Andrés
This document, as a degree project developed within the XUE research group of the Universidad Distrital and in support of the agreement between the University and the National Protection Unit, seeks to contextualize the different activities carried out during the project. The document presents the objectives set from the beginning and how they are developed in different stages seeking to support the research group with documentary topics in the National Protection Unit, as well as to give recommendations for possible improvements within the NOC and the monitoring tools of the Unit. The National Protection Unit is an entity with the constant responsibility of reforming and improving all its internal procedures, therefore, this report aims to investigate the different aspects of the NOC and the monitoring tools, such as national and international standards of good practices in the management/implementation of the NOC and each of its attached processes and also comparisons of different monitoring platforms that allow expanding the knowledge and scope that these tools offer in the global market. Finally, some of the recommendations developed during the internship are included so that the XUE research group can share them with the National Protection Unit for their execution. These recommendations include the different transversal Colombian technical standards that lead to good practices within the NOC and also recommend always carrying out a deep and exhaustive review of the different monitoring platforms on the market before implementing them within the entity.
Desarrollo de una herramienta de monitoreo y análisis predictivo mediante una técnica de machine learning para redes móviles 4G LTE
Hernández Martínez, Jean Carlos; Lizarazo Prieto, Santiago Enrique; Cely Callejas, José David
This project describes an automated monitoring and alerting system to manage the percentage of downlink Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) usage and user traffic over a given number of base station radio access network cells. Using Python and different APIs as data analysis tools, the system analyzes real network conditions, extracting logs from a database, while continuously and uninterruptedly monitoring the status of PRBs and traffic in each cell, in order to efficiently determine the status of a large number of cells in a very short time. The solution generates visual alerts via a bar graph on a web dashboard when there is a high usage of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), and when a low usage of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) is detected. These alerts will allow telecom operators to make proactive decisions without having to wait up to weeks for a team to manually identify cell by cell. In addition, the project incorporates machine learning (ML) techniques and statistical models, using Meta's Prophet library to make predictions about the percentage of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) usage in the downlink of cells. These predictions allow anticipating the behavior of the network 30 days or more ahead, facilitating proactive planning and improving the response capacity to possible congestion or underutilization of resources.
Transformada Z en sistemas de telecomunicaciones: revisión y aplicaciones
Molina Ruíz, Paola Andrea; Vacca González, Harold; Vacca González; Harold [0000-0001-7017-0070]
Introduction: The paper explores the various applications of the Z-Transform in Telecommunications, focusing on modulation, demodulation, and DTMF with the Goertzel Algorithm. Problem: There is a need to deepen the specific applications of the Z-Transform in the engineering field, particularly in telecommunications. Objective: To analyze the applications of the Z-Transform in engineering found in recent research on implementing Goertzel's Algorithm in DTMF systems. Methodology: A bibliographic study was carried out on the applications of the Z-Transform in the engineering field. Applications were categorized in control and automation, biomedical processing and telecommunications with DTMF, a simulation of the Goertzel Algorithm in MATLAB was performed and compared with FFT. Results: Several applications of the Z-Transform were found and with the simulation the efficiency of the Goertzel Algorithm in terms of efficiency for detecting DTMF tones was proved. Conclusion: The Goertzel Algorithm is presented as a good application of the Z-Transform in telecommunications and is an efficient alternative to the FFT for the detection of DTMF tones. Originality: The study combines the literature review on the Z-Transform and the Goertzel Algorithm with a comparative analysis of their efficiency in DTMF. Limitations: The simulation is limited to an example with few frequencies for the Goertzel Algorithm. Separate studies are required to evaluate performance in more complex situations.
Aplicación basada en SVM y programación paralela para estimar los indicadores de disponibilidad de los servicios de telecomunicaciones en las principales ciudades de Colombia
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Sánchez Acuña, Carlos Orlando; Jiménez Rodríguez, William Camilo; Hernández Martínez, Henry Alberto
This project develops an application based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) and parallel programming to estimate the availability indicators of telecommunications services in the main cities of Colombia. Using data collected by the Ministry of Information and Communications Technologies, the model estimates availability indicators, allowing telecommunications companies to optimize their services and take proactive measures to avoid penalties and loss of users. The application seeks to improve the quality of service and offer a strategic tool to guarantee the continuity and reliability of telecommunications.
Sistema de alerta temprana para la detección de gases Tóxicos (Monóxido de carbono y Metano) en zonas residenciales utilizando un modelo de Red ad-hoc
Castiblanco Arguello, Jonathan Steven; Bejarano Leon, John Alexander; Hernández, Henry Alberto
This work presents the development of an ad-hoc network model using sensors for the detection of Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and methane in residential areas. For the detection of toxic gases, MQ type sensors are used, because they can only be detected by sensors, since they are colorless, odorless and tasteless gases [1]. The project proposes to implement a system capable of monitoring the levels of carbon monoxide and methane in a residential area and generate an alert on the devices that are connected to said network and generate an alert remotely that reaches mobile devices through text message, an ad hoc network model will be used, in this way each node participates in the routing and sending of data to another central node which will act as a server container, thus managing the information dynamically, facilitating flexibility and autonomy, without prior network infrastructure.
Diseño y extensión de redes inalámbricas en entornos rurales para sistemas de vigilancia y monitoreo de seguridad en tiempo real
Santamaria Castañeda, Douglass; Martínez Peña, Laura Vanessa; Gómez Gómez, Edgar Leonardo; Gómez Gómez; Edgar Leonardo [0000-0002-9544-0265]
Limited access to communication networks in rural areas is a critical challenge affecting communities around the world. These areas, characterized by their dispersed population and challenging topography, face significant difficulties in obtaining reliable and fast connectivity. This lack of access to telecommunications and broadband networks not only restricts communication opportunities for rural residents, but also impacts economic development and the provision of essential services. In particular, sectors such as rural beekeeping experience significant losses due to lack of connectivity, affecting security, production, and economic sustainability. This report presents a proposal to address this problem by designing and implementing a wireless network at the APINORTE apiary, located in the Llano Grande village of the municipality of Soatá, in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. The apiary, dedicated to beekeeping, lacked immediate access to telecommunications and electricity services, which had generated vulnerabilities in terms of security, production losses and risks for beekeepers. The project sought to provide stable connectivity for a telemetric monitoring system based on image and motion sensors, improving the safety and efficiency of the apiary. Through a structured methodology and the adoption of recognized standards, it was possible to design an effective wireless network that would overcome the challenges of rural conditions and provide a replicable solution for other beekeeping and agricultural communities in general. The different sections of this report will be detailed below, including the problem statement, objectives, methodology used, results obtained and conclusions. Each section will be addressed in a rigorous manner, supported by a detailed analysis, with the aim of providing a comprehensive view of the project and its implications.
Solución tecnológica integral para la automatización y gestión avanzada de una red de tiendas, mediante la integración de sensores virtuales de conteo de personas y la infraestructura de VPN de la Empresa Followup
Alvarez Reyes, Henry Danilo; Silva Munevar, Yeferson Manuel; Hernández Martinez, Henry Alberto
Integral technological solution for the automation and advanced management of a network of stores, through the integration of virtual people counting sensors and Followup's VPN infrastructure. Due to its great growth, the company Followup has become a benchmark in the management of consumer experience in the retail industry, which is why it requires a tool that allows it to optimize and better manage the time in which its employees at the operational level verify the status of the Xovis sensor and perform the configuration of the network parameters, this device is an IOT technology for people counting through AI extensions where through its 3D stereoscopic vision technology allows you to accurately track and count the people passing through the field of view of the sensor. The focus of the project is the design of a graphical management interface for the company Followup to visualize three options that are: Sensor status where the information of the current NTP protocol of the sensor, connection status, temperature, activity, data sheet is displayed; as a second option the network parameters will be displayed where the IP, Gateway, DNS, Subnet Mask of each sensor can be verified and configured according to the use or requirement of each client or store; and finally a Data Push option where the user must configure the different servers to which the information modified in the previous option will be sent. Through this information it will be sought to improve through the management tool the way in which the configuration is performed allowing through time comparisons to validate the efficiency between the time currently involved in this task vs. the time where through the solution is performed, thus verifying the usefulness in the configuration of these sensors.
Pasantía con apoyo técnico al contrato interadministrativo 1579 de 2023 y al convenio interadministrativo 1082 de 2023, entre la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UD) y la Unidad Nacional de Protección (UNP) como apoyo técnico y administrativo orientados a la optimización de la red LAN según los requerimientos expuestos en el anexo técnico de línea de servicio en sede
Bejarano Rojas, Julian Camilo; Escobar Diaz, Andres
The national protection unit (UNP) in the process of generating digital transformation, carried out practices for improvement and optimization of technological services based on the practices of ITIL standard in its latest version, in addition to generating a correct process of implementation of the LAN network within its new headquarters. The Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, in its interadministrative support between different areas, generates through the contract 1579 of 2023 in which it seeks to generate a transformation within the entity. The UNP being a national security entity, in charge of generating, articulating and executing protection services at national level to those determined through the national government and in addition to that, that by virtue of the activities at general level where life is preserved as victims in different political and/or cultural situations that require such support and everything related to its mission, seeks to manage services where it involves generating a technological transformation and everything required for the issue of information technology and communication where it is possible to perform an effective protection of whoever is required. In that order of ideas, the UNP in search of supplying the needs described above and in order to fully comply with its mission, sought an ally to provide a complete solution to the technological services that the entity had, with the existing resources within the same. Given this request, it is considered appropriate to hire the services of the District University, since it requires an entity with the necessary experience to provide the technology and telecommunications service that allows the complete and full compliance of the mission functions provided by the UNP. So, under certain guidelines the different service lines are established, where we have the central services line and the service management line, which aim to generate the digital transformation that is required and is where the internship is developed. The implementation of the LAN network in the new headquarters is focused on generating a correct interaction between users and the network in general, also supported by the help desk (MDA) and generating the good practices promoted by the ITIL V4 standard. This allows to achieve a correct management of the cases presented within the entity and to solve the problems that arise in the LAN network, giving a prompt solution to the failures presented in the same and to maintain in its correct mission the IT resources provided by the entity, providing a better service and giving the fulfillment of the same.
Modelo de identificación y clasificación de ataques de intrusión basado el conjunto de datos de “detección de intrusión en IT” del repositorio KAGGLE mediante la implementación de un algoritmo evolutivo
Torres Céspedes, Alfonso Iván; Carrion Parca, Julian Felipe; Hernández Martínez, Henry Alberto
This study develops a model for the identification and classification of intrusion attacks in IoT networks using the “Intrusion Detection in IT” dataset from the KAGGLE repository, by implementing an evolutionary algorithm. The main objective was to improve the accuracy of the intrusion detection model by optimizing a deep neural network using a genetic algorithm. The research was performed in a processing environment based on online code execution platforms, which provided advanced capabilities for handling large data volumes and complex models. The focus was on evaluating how data preprocessing, dimensionality reduction, and the application of an evolutionary algorithm influence the effectiveness of the deep neural network to classify intrusion attacks.
Desarrollo de una aplicación basada en software para el monitoreo de características de equipos o procesos disponibles en una red IPv4 mediante el protocolo SNMP
Murcia Lara, Juan Camilo; Hernández Martínez, Henry Alberto
This document presents the development process of an SNMP data collection system for a variable number of agents developed in Python language with open source libraries and asynchronous logic, a graphical interface for its use and configuration by a user using web technologies, seeking as a result a friendly and intuitive interface with a good response to the request for a large number of data.
Diseño e implementación de un sistema de vigilancia aérea portátil de bajo costo, basado en tecnología ADS-B
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Grimaldos Rincón, Ariel Santiago; Vargas Solano, Daniel Felipe; Gómez Gómez, Edgar Leonardo; Gómez Gómez, Edgar Leonardo [0000-0002-9544-0265]
This document presents the implementation and development of a prototype area surveillance system based on ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast) technology. The main purpose is to offer a solution to the existing limitations in the current systems, such as geographical areas of difficult access and high costs associated with amateur aviation, the focus of the project will include the integral development of a low cost prototype, addressing both the software and hardware necessary for the operation of the ADS-B receiver and its graphical interface. The independence of the designed graphical interface is emphasized, differentiating it from existing platforms. The ADS-B surveillance system uses transponders on board aircraft to transmit real-time information on their position, speed, altitude and other relevant data. The implementation of ADS-B in Colombia has been gradual but steady; by 2022 there were 26 systems in operation and by 2026 it is expected to have 14 revitalized stations. This technology has been integrated into air traffic management systems to improve airspace surveillance and safety. The proposed system uses ADS-B transponders installed on aircraft to transmit real-time data on their position and flight information. This data will be collected by the ground receiver which will emit the data. AIRCARFT data will be processed and later displayed through the interface, giving as a final result that the user can see in real time the position of the different aircrafts in the uds-b.xyz page. Based on the preliminary project and the investigation of existing ADSB systems, the final design was achieved, the practical implementation of the prototype was carried out, ensuring its portability and ease of deployment in various contexts of aerial surveillance. Effective integration between the ADS-B receiver and the graphic interface was a priority, backed up by field tests to verify correct operation in real time.
Actualización de la interfaz gráfica y página web de un dispensador de bebidas alcohólicas con tecnología IoT
Segura Castañeda , Fabian Alejandro; Rodelo Navarro , Ramon Nicolas; Nixon Giraldo , Frank; Nixon Giraldo, Frank [0000-0001-8407-1831]
This project aims to update the graphical interface and website of an alcoholic beverage dispenser, implementing IoT technologies. The proposal, developed at the Francisco José de Caldas District University, is aimed at improving the user experience and operational efficiency of the dispenser by creating a more intuitive interface and a website that facilitates inventory and transaction management, using MySQL for the database, Java for the backend and React for the frontend. The project arises due to the deficiencies observed in the current interface of the dispenser, which is not very intuitive and generates confusion for users. In addition, the website does not provide a clear visualization of the data, which negatively affects its ability to fulfill its informative function. The proposal seeks to correct these problems through technological research that allows the design and development of a more efficient and attractive interface. A methodology is proposed that includes requirements analysis, technological research, graphical interface design, website development and usability testing. These improvements are expected to not only increase user satisfaction, but also optimize dispenser operations, facilitating decision making and reducing operational errors.
Simulación del ataque CSRF por medio de una aplicación web con enfoque explicativo
González Ruiz, Anderson Alexander; Rodríguez Angarita, July Paola; Jacinto Gómez, Edwar; Jacinto Gómez,Edwar [0000-0003-4038-8137]
This document presents the development of a simulation that helps understand what happens at the network and protocol level when a CSRF attack is executed. Using technologies such as Java, JavaScript, HTML, Angular, Spring Boot, and GitHub, a web page with functionalities similar to a banking portal was built, allowing different levels of security to be configured. Additionally, a vanilla JavaScript application was programmed to explain step-by-step how to carry out the attack, enabling users to understand the potential impacts and how to prevent them. This project successfully explains in a simple manner the impact that the CSRF vulnerability can have, helps raise awareness when browsing the internet, and reduces the likelihood of falling victim to this type of attack by educating users on the necessary protective measures and best practices.
Sistema de riego por goteo telecontrolado mediante una funcionalidad de pronóstico basada en el modelo hídrico de la FAO
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Torres Matallana, Ana Maria; Toro Vaca, Jeison Santiago; Hernández Martínez , Henry Alberto
This project focuses on the implementation of a drip irrigation system prototype integrating the FAO's water balance model, designed for the cultivation of Diacol Capiro potatoes. The goal is to develop a control mechanism that optimizes water use based on predictions and monitoring of real soil and environmental conditions through web visualization. The project methodology was divided into four key phases. Initially, the physical structure of the irrigation prototype was built, then sensors were programmed and calibrated, later, the sensors were implemented on the Raspberry Pi to enhance control and facilitate the integration of the water balance model, and finally, the water balance model was implemented for the comprehensive operation of the project. The main result of the project was the ability to activate the irrigation system of the prototype at precise moments and with the exact amount of water in collaboration with the water balance model's ability to determine the crop's water needs. It was also achieved, through continuous analysis of data generated by the system, to keep a record on a web page. The implementation of a telecontrolled drip irrigation system demonstrates efficient water use, promoting sustainable irrigation practices. The integration of sensor technologies and predictive models improves water management in crops such as Diacol Capiro potatoes, ensuring efficient and sustainable production.
Pasantía Contrato Interadministrativo 1579 de 2023 entre la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UD) y la Unidad Nacional de Protección (UNP) como apoyo técnico y administrativo en el proceso tecnológico de comunicación de red wan y red lan.
Palomino Silva, Javier Alberto; Escobar Diaz, Andrés
Through this report we want to make known the result of the activities carried out for the internal internship of the Inter-administrative Contract 1579 of 2023 between the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UD) and the National Protection Unit (UNP) in collaboration with the research group XUE Semillero de Investigación Barion of the University. The National Protection Unit (UNP) as a state entity is obliged to define in its action plans to implement a continuous improvement of its processes, and that is why it is currently in a process of digital transformation and one of the mechanisms it advances is to ensure the correct provision of the services owned by the headquarters that enable access to the services that are provided centrally, such as the specialized applications, data center services and internet service. The implementation of the activities developed during the internal internship are presented in a phased manner and focused on solving everyday problems by providing technical and administrative support to WAN and LAN communications. This includes a stage of management of incidents and requirements for the project as well as documentary management of maintenance activities, inventory, change management, problem management, reports and recommendations for improvement. As can be observed in later chapters the three phases in which the internship was established in terms of activities and results was in a structural way in order to be able to understand the different lines of service and the technical contractual annexes, since the main objective of the University with the Unit is to support the digital transformation of the entity and contribute with the missionality of the same, as the channels of communication are fundamental for the articulation and operation of the processes. By managing all the technological and infrastructure services of the National Protection Unit will enable greater efficiency and control of its Processes. Keywords: Internet, Local Area Network, Large Area network, Communications Networks, Communication Systems, Network Topology.
Monitoreo de servidores Windows y Gnu/Linux y envío de alertas por correo al presentarse saturación de recursos monitoreados utilizando la herramienta Cacti
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Sanabria Ruíz, Elkin Serafín; Leyva Pérez, Oscar Andrés; Cadena Muñoz, Ernesto
Thomas Information Management Technical Services is a company dedicated to the processing and custody of physical and digital documents for private and government entities. One of the company's clients is the Banco Agrario de Colombia, for which the company developed SIGDOC, a custom software that allows bank officials to review customer documentation for credit studies. The SIGDOC application consists of various services such as databases, reporting, file sharing, proxies, email, applications, among others, which run on servers with operating systems like Windows Server, Linux Centos 6, Linux Centos 7, and Ubuntu. These servers are installed in different data centers that interconnect with the Banco Agrario's private network. It is essential for Thomas Information Management Technical Services to have monitoring systems for these servers that allow it to respond to potential incidents of SIGDOC system unavailability before they occur and affect queries and system performance. Being able to monitor the system allows the entire technology staff to act promptly in the face of any incident. To facilitate the monitoring task of the technology area, the CACTI tool was installed on an Ubuntu server. This tool allows monitoring the status of the servers' technological resources and sending alerts to the technology area staff whenever a saturation occurs on any server using a Zimbra mail server that was also installed on an Ubuntu operating system and parameterized to be interconnected with the monitoring tool. The monitoring tool, together with the alert system, allowed the technology staff to act promptly in the face of any saturation or unavailability incident of the SIGDOC system modules, thus guaranteeing the service level agreements (SLAs) that the company has contracted with the Banco Agrario and improving the quality of service and perception that bank officials have of the SIGDOC information system.
Diseño e implementación de una herramienta basada en guías de laboratorio que permita el estudio del protocolo MPLS por parte de la comunidad estudiantil de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Escandón Cárdenas, Juan Sebastián; Moreno Rodríguez, Jhon Alejandro; Cely Callejas, José David; Cely Callejas, José David [0000-0001-8969-5301]
This article proposes the introduction of an academic tool to the community student of the department of electronic engineering of the pontificia universidad javeriana, based on a series of laboratory guides, related to the mpls protocol (multiprotocol label switching) with juniper equipment, since currently said university does not have a effective methodology to teach this protocol, in addition to the teachers associated with the electronics department are interested in teaching their students the characteristics most important of this technology, so that in this way it allows them to complement their academic training. This is why the laboratory guides will be built based on the three most important characteristics that this protocol has; architecture, operation and application, since they offer an overview of how the protocol works.
Generación de guías de laboratorio para la enseñanza de redes de convergencia mediante herramientas de simulación sobre un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje
Arévalo Zamora, Juan Carlos; Hernández, Juan Gerardo; Cely Callejas, José David; Cely Callejas José David [0000-0001-8969-5301]
This paper addresses the growing need to strengthen teaching-learning processes in higher education institutions, especially in the context of practical laboratory activities and technological development. To face the challenges generated by the global health crisis and the transition to virtual environments [1], it is necessary to rethink the focus of traditional laboratory practices towards virtual environments, as a strategy to improve education quality.
Implementación de modelos de predicción para vigilar los límites de exposición de las personas a los campos electromagnéticos en Bogotá utilizando machine learning
Zarate Diaz, Duvan Alexis; Guzman Escobar, Juan David; Pedraza Martinez, Luis Fernando
This project uses advanced Machine Learning techniques to develop predictive models that monitor and forecast levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields in Bogotá. Based on historical data provided by the National Spectrum Agency, the study aims to understand and manage these levels, aiming to provide tools that contribute to the reassurance of the population in an ever-evolving technological environment

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