Diseño y extensión de redes inalámbricas en entornos rurales para sistemas de vigilancia y monitoreo de seguridad en tiempo real

Abstract

Limited access to communication networks in rural areas is a critical challenge affecting communities around the world. These areas, characterized by their dispersed population and challenging topography, face significant difficulties in obtaining reliable and fast connectivity. This lack of access to telecommunications and broadband networks not only restricts communication opportunities for rural residents, but also impacts economic development and the provision of essential services. In particular, sectors such as rural beekeeping experience significant losses due to lack of connectivity, affecting security, production, and economic sustainability. This report presents a proposal to address this problem by designing and implementing a wireless network at the APINORTE apiary, located in the Llano Grande village of the municipality of Soatá, in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. The apiary, dedicated to beekeeping, lacked immediate access to telecommunications and electricity services, which had generated vulnerabilities in terms of security, production losses and risks for beekeepers. The project sought to provide stable connectivity for a telemetric monitoring system based on image and motion sensors, improving the safety and efficiency of the apiary. Through a structured methodology and the adoption of recognized standards, it was possible to design an effective wireless network that would overcome the challenges of rural conditions and provide a replicable solution for other beekeeping and agricultural communities in general. The different sections of this report will be detailed below, including the problem statement, objectives, methodology used, results obtained and conclusions. Each section will be addressed in a rigorous manner, supported by a detailed analysis, with the aim of providing a comprehensive view of the project and its implications.