Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/23

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 73

Análisis de las relaciones socioeconómicas entre comunidades locales, recursos forestales y otras contribuciones del bosque en un frente de deforestación de la Amazonia (Solano, Caquetá)
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Lorenzana Velosa, Wendy Katherin; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Ortiz Bahamón, Javier; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]
During the "restoration decade," the Colombian Amazon faces high deforestation rates, warranting restoration endeavors. These efforts focus on population groups with meaningful economic interactions with forest resources for subsistence. Hence, it becomes imperative to incorporate the communities’ perceptions and livelihoods for restoration interventions that influence local socioeconomic dynamics. This study uses network analysis to prioritize socioeconomic relations inKoreguaje indigenous communities, focusing on forest contributions. The methodology applies IPBES' concept of nature's contributions to people (NCPs). Data collection involved monitoring forest products, workshops, interviews, and analyses to assess socioeconomic networks and prioritize forest contributions. We found patterns of high self-consumption and limited commercialization. Forest and traditional agricultural system ("chagra") contributions center around "food," "energy," and"materials." Products like chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes), uva-caimarona (Pourouma cecropiifolia), andmambe (containing Cecropia sp.) are prioritized for sale, while caimo (Pouteria caimito), cumare(Astrocaryum chambira), and canelo (Mespilodaphne quixos) are self-consumed. The main local NCPs differ from NCPs prioritized in national and Latin American analyses related to forest restoration. Findings suggest integrating socioeconomic aspects in restoration strategies implies including "food,""energy," and "materials," and recognizing the importance of the "chagra." Additionally, commercialization in Koreguaje territories, alternative approaches prioritizing non-monetary objectives and enhancing local networks are crucial.
Análisis funcional de rasgos xilemáticos y biomasa aérea en bosques húmedos tropicales de la Orinoquia Colombiana
Díaz Cortés, Sebastián Emilio; Aldana Serrano, Ana Maria; López Camacho, René; López Camacho, René [0000-0003-2026-0371]
The following document contains the results and analysis of the project "Functional Analysis of Wood Traits and Above Ground Biomass in Tropical Moist Forests of the Colombian Orinoquia". The thesis is based on two general research questions: what is the relationship of functional diversity, generated from wood traits, with above ground biomass stocks and storage rates? and, which are the characteristics of plant functional types, generated from wood traits, that condition above ground biomass and productivity? Due to the phases necessary to meet the objectives of the project, this research was elaborated in 3 chapters that cover the specific objectives of the initial project: determine above ground biomass stocks and storage rates; characterize functional diversity, based on wood traits of dominant species; and interpret patterns of relationship between functional diversity and above ground biomass.
Análisis funcional del secuestro de carbono en el gradiente sucesional de un bosque seco tropical del valle del río Magdalena
Triana Diosa, Wilber Alfonso; Correa Sánchez, John Jairo
The objective of the present study was to show the variations of carbon sequestration in three successional stages of a tropical dry forest from the functional ecology approach. Eight functional traits were measured in 42 species, functional plant types (TFPs) were identified in the successional stages from the analysis of hierarchical conglomerates, characterized by analysis of contingency tables, principal components and comparisons of means. Two TFPs associated with acquisitive strategies and two conservative ones were identified; their abundance and dominance were found in the successional gradient, as well as the community weighted average (CWM) of the wood related traits. This suggests that the abundance-dominance of TFPs, as well as the CWM of wood traits, may be useful as an indicator of carbon sequestration in ecological restoration processes.
Análisis multitemporal de la transformación del paisaje en áreas periurbanas del norte de Bogotá D.C. para el periodo 1956 – 2021
Mayorga Guzmán, José Manuel; Mora Gamboa, Jair
Getting to know the historical changes in the territory are a good reference for the management and conservation of ecosystems located in peri-urban areas of big cities. This study was located in the north of Bogotá D.C. which is a territory with forest reserves and a complex water system made up of wetlands, rivers, streams and canals that are in constant urban expansion tension. The change in cover and its effect on the loss of natural covers and ecosystems over time were analyzed quantitatively. The transformation of the peri-urban territory of the north of Bogotá was analyzed, determining the spatial transformation of the covers and ecosystems for four times corresponding to years 1956, 1977, 1998 and 2021. A visual and supervised classification of covers was carried out, including photo-interpretation for each year applying the four initial levels based on the methodology done by Corine Land Cover (CLC). Spatial multi-temporal analysis of coverage was performed, quantitatively determining the change in coverage over time. Additionally, the calculation of landscape metrics was carried out to identify potential areas to improve structural connectivity. Between the period 1956 and 2021, percentages and the increase or decrease were assessed by calculating the relative variation rate that allowed determining that the forest coverage presented an increase of 1.3% and an increase of 6.64%, currently representing a 20.89% of the territory; water surfaces of lakes, fences, reservoirs, canals increased by 1,02% and the rate increased by 139%; the coverage of humid areas of wetland ecosystems decreased by 7,42%, representing a decrease of - 485%; coverage of agricultural territories decreased by 6.23% with a rate decrease of - 34%, meanwhile the grasses reduced its area by 22,65%with a decreased rate of -71% being in magnitude of area one of the most transformed coverage by the dynamics of change; urbanized areas increased by 22,11 of a total area with an increased rate of 1483.9%. Currently, 68.28% of the study area is natural, semi-natural and agricultural coverage with spatial continuity, ecological attributes, structural connectivity potential, additionally 49.72% of the analysis area has different categories of ecosystem protection included within the Main Ecological Structure (EEP) of Bogotá DC; These areas spatially constitute continuous areas with strategic proximity to manage and improve structural connectivity, conservation, adaptive management and ecological restoration.
Análisis Socioecológico De La Iniciativa De Restauración Liderada Por Autoridades Ambientales En El Distrito Regional De Manejo Integrado Guantiva La Rusia (Santander)
Duarte Hernández, Doris; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés
Restoration is a process in which some stages of succession are imitated to encourage the recovery of ecosystems, in which social participation is key to sustainability and development. A socioecological analysis was carried out on the restoration project implemented in Guantiva La Rusia, Santander, Colombia, which was developed in stages, with the definition of socioecological criteria, social, ecological characterization, and data processing. The management status of the initiative led by environmental authorities was evaluated as good (61/100) according to the criteria defined and according to social analysis (64/100) and ecological (57/100). The linking of actors was at the social level the criterion valued as very good, in contrast to the conceptual and methodological clarity; incorporation of conservation practices, use and exploitation; participation in the management and contribution of voluntary work qualified as regular and that jeopardize the project. The two ecological criteria evaluated as good were the priority in the recovery of ecosystem structure, function and services, and monitoring mechanisms; while the adequate application of temporal and spatial scales and the control of potential threats were regular. The number of native or endangered species was considered insufficient because of the low diversity of species used, dependence on the availability of plant material in nurseries in the region and the use of plants introduced in areas of assisted restoration that altered the process to not to be part of the successional trajectories and the ecosystem of reference and to compromise the sustainability of the project and the integrity of the ecosystems. The social and ecological criteria identified constitute a contribution of the research and could be replicable or used as a reference for future analysis of restoration initiatives in the country.
Asociaciones de co-ocurrencia entre grupos epiedáficos de hormigas depredadoras, colémbolos y termitas en forestaciones comerciales de la Orinoquía colombiana
Duarte Núñez, Dayssy Anyely; Pinzón Florián, Olga Patricia; 0000-0002-5858-4083
In the Orinoco sub-region, commercial forestry is a promising socio-economic opportunity that contributes to reducing the existing pressure on natural forests. However, documenting the role of afforestation in conserving soil biodiversity as an input to promote sustainable forest management and its associated diversity is scarce. For this reason, in this study, we evaluated the co-occurrence of predatory ants with termites and springtails based on changes in their abundance to better explain the assemblages observed in different land uses and two contrasting climatic seasons. For this purpose, samples of ants, termites, and springtails were collected from 2, 6, 8, and 14-year-old Eucalyptus pellita plantations, pastures, and gallery forest remnants in November 2014 and May 2015. Specimens were processed and identified at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Forest Health Laboratory. The co-occurrence analysis between predatory ants with termites and with springtails compared the relative abundances of each group (ants, termites, and springtails) for each cover and contrasting climatic season. A positive correlation between the abundance of termites, springtails and predatory ants occurred in plantations, gallery forests, and pastures. Besides the influence of vegetation coverage, the climatic season also affected the assemblages of ants, termites, and springtails. Also, dominant ant species are generalists and respond seasonally to the supply of termites and springtails in the different coverages. Therefore, it is presumed that the spatial and temporal co-occurrence among the groups analyzed does not necessarily indicate predatory interactions between ants and their potential prey, termites, and springtails.
Biología Reproductiva De Una Población Espeletia Curialensis Var Exigua Rodr-Cabeza & S Díaz, (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia)
Velasco Salcedo, Verónica María; Jácome Reyes, Jorge Hernán
Espeletia curialensis var. exigua Rodr.-Cabeza & S. Díaz , is an endemic species of the Colombian Eastern Cordillera. Its restricted distribution, the presence of very isolated and dispersed populations and the decrease in reproduction rates recorded in the monitoring during the last 10 years, increases the importance of knowing its state of conservation through the characterization of its reproductive biology. For this reason, the formation and maturation of capitula between june of 2015 and january 2016 were followed up on 19 individuals of three height classes with evidence of previous blooms. Mature seeds were taken at three different dates, for each one of the three classes of height of the individuals; and afterwards, they were subjected to germination and viability tests. It was possible to describe the complete reproductive process of the population during the 7 months they were inspected, from the registration of flower buds to seed dispersal. The production of chapters does differ between evaluated height classes; the highest reproductive contribution is generated by the lowest height class. Feasibility tests can only be applied to seeds collected in November, which show less than 5% of achene with developed embryos. A viability of 65% was obtained for the middle height class and 100% for the low height class and a null seed germination capacity for the three height classes evaluated. These results allow inferring that the reproductive capacity of the species is really low, condition that limits the population expansion of the species in situ
Caracterización de la inflamabilidad de especies leñosas en el Chaco semiárido de Argentina, a partir del análisis de rasgos funcionales
Santacruz García, Ana Carolina; Bravo, Sandra
Knowledge about plant strategies for adapting and tolerating the environmental disturbances is a fundamental purpose to promote biodiversity conservation, in the current climate change scenario. Our objective was to evaluate the flammability of native species from Western Chaco region through a functional approach, analysing seasonal variations and the effects of disturbances on flammability. We evaluated eight functional traits, six of them related to flammability and two referred to growth habit and foliar persistence, in eleven native woody species of the region. Those traits were compared in forest with different disturbance history (FDDH): closure and disturbances as fire and roller chopper applications. The 80 % of plant cover from Western Chaco region forests have Medium to High flammability degree (FD). Functional traits more incident on flammability were twig and leaf dry-matter content (TDMC and LDMC), foliar persistence and growth habit. The unique species with Very High FD was Senegalia gilliesii, a shrub with complex architecture and high TDMC and LDMC. Lowest flammability species (Medium FD) were tree species with low TDMC. We identified two flammability peaks, one at the end of fire season and the other at the end of rainy season, related to foliar persistence and climatic conditions during fire season. There were no significant differences in the FD for studied species in FDDH. These results represent a significant advance for fuels flammability studies in the Chaco region and it will contribute to improve the activities of fuel management, prevention and firefighting.
Los códigos de barra de ADN como herramienta en la identificación de las especies del género Micropholis (Griseb.) Pierre ((Sapotaceae)
Sánchez Callejas, Shirley Dayana; Cortés Ballén, Rocío; Richardson, James
The genus Micropholis (Sapotaceae) is diverse and ecologically important in lowland tropical wet neotropical forests. In general, species are difficult to identify in the absence of reproductive traits and in juvenile stages. As a result we may underestimate the biodiversity of the forests where these species grow that is an impediment to forest management and conservation decision making. Alternative techniques to identify species are based on molecular characters using DNA barcoding. This study assessed the ability of molecular markers ITS2, matK and rbcL in differentiating species of the genus Micropholis. Neighbor-Joining analysis, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference showed that ITS2 was the best marker for species identification with an efficiency of 70% in discriminating species, with sufficient interspecific and intraspecific divergence to identify 15 of the 20 species used in the analysis. The two additional chloroplast markers did not improve species determination. Thus, we propose ITS2 as a potential barcode marker for identifying species in Micropholis.
Conocimiento y percepción comunitaria en torno a algunos elementos de la biodiversidad de un área urbana protegida en Bogotá D.C
Baquero Rojas, Julio César; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela
At the Entrenubes Mountain Ecological Park - where nature-based tourism is one of the main activities- main values, knowledge and stakeholders involved were identified through participatory mapping, semi-structured interviews and discussion groups with local communities and visitors. Results showed that the environmental value was the most outstanding nearly followed by the recreational value. Nevertheless, local knowledge on the park’s flora and fauna was very low compared to lists and inventories of the area. High sense of ownership was identified among local communities, mainly by the San Cristobal village. The foregoing, coupled with 21 stakeholders somehow involved with the park suggest high possibilities for developing a real community-based ecotourism strategy, as it has occurred in other urban protected areas of major cities of the world.
Descomposición de madera muerta por termitas xilófagas en bosques de galería de la Orinoquía colombiana
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Rico, Geimmy Alejandra; Pinzón Florián, Olga Patricia; Ramírez, Beatriz H.; Romero Rico, Geimmy Alejandra [0009-0002-3174-9682]; Pinzón Florián, Olga Patricia [0000-0002-5858-4083]
Termites are key contributors to wood decomposition and carbon cycling in tropical ecosystems. The decomposition process is influenced by wood properties, global and local climate, and decomposer organisms principally termites and microbes. In this study, we explore the impact of wood density, seasonality, and termite diversity on decomposition rates in the gallery forests of the Orinoquía. This research investigates how these factors influence termite activity and their role in biomass loss. The results indicate that wood density partially explains the mass loss of bait due to termites, with denser wood being more frequently attacked during the wet season. However, no significant differences in decomposition rates between softwood and dense wood were observed. Although wood density is an important trait in decay resistance, the relationship between density and decomposition rate is not always linear, suggesting that other factors, such as wood chemistry and anatomy, also play a significant role. The most abundant termite species, Heterotermes tenuis, was responsible for the highest mass loss, emphasizing its importance in decomposition processes. These findings underscore the complexity of termite-driven decomposition and highlight the need to consider multiple factors, such as wood properties and environmental conditions, when evaluating their role in carbon dynamics. Our study contributes to understanding how termite activity impacts ecosystem functions and stresses the importance of conserving dead wood in maintaining termite diversity and gallery forest health.
Descripción del régimen de incendios del bosque seco tropical de la cuenca alta del Río Magdalena y su relación con la variación climática
Díaz Timoté, Jhonatan Julián; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela
Fire is a disturbance that has modeled the dynamics and diversity of many ecosystems over time. In ecosystems such as the Tropical Dry Forest (BS-T) of Alto Magdalena, a large number of forest fires have been reported, but their occurrence and dynamics are unknown over time. The objective of this work was to describe the fire regime of the BS-T, based on the annual and multiannual climatic variation of precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and extreme events such as the El Niño phenomenon. First, the occurrence of fires in the dry forest cover was obtained between 2000 and 2017. This was done through the classification of annual forest maps with the use of Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images and overlapping with the thermal anomalies of the MODIS sensor for the same period. Second, the climatic variables precipitation, relative humidity and maximum temperature obtained from local stations were spatialized. These climatic variables were correlated with the number of fires and their temporal distribution. 424 fires were found, as well as two fire hotspots in the municipalities of Ortega and Coello, in the department of Tolima, with a frequency of up to 5 fires in 18 years. In terms of the relation of fires and climatic variables, the severity of the dry season measured as the accumulated rainfall was correlated with a high probability of occurrence of fires. Likewise, a relationship was found between the occurrence of fires and the El Niño phenomenon. From these results, the presence of fires in the BS-T and its strong relationship with the severity of the dry season and its distribution in the upper Basin are recognized in recent years, allowing detailed information on the threat and areas to prioritize in departmental and municipal risk management plans, as well as early warnings and fire risk management.
Determinación de cambios de distribución de especies por efectos del cambio climático en el Parque Municipal Natural Campo Alegre y Parque Regional Natural Ucumarí en Risaralda Colombia
Lara Ballesteros, Diana Carolina; Nieto Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel
Protected areas can be vulnerable to climate change, a problem that has concentrated most of the efforts for their protection worldwide. In this context, the present study determined whether the forests of Campo Alegre Natural Park and the natural regional park of Ucumarí in Risaralda-Colombia will retain their forest species indicative of possible climate change, since there is a great concern regarding displacement or Extinctions. For that purpose, 20 plots of 0.25 Ha were measured, distributed in the altitudinal gradient of 1700-3500 meters of altitude. The results are presented in two chapters; In the first one, the determination and characterization of the forest types were carried out, in which analyzes of structure, diversity, richness, climatic characterization and determination of indicator species were carried out, where three types of forests were statistically differentiable in composition and six indicator species Which presented the best fit to the CAO model. In the second chapter, we present the results of the modeling of the changes in its distribution in the event of a possible climatic change in the year 2050. In this model the restricted additive ordering technique (CAO) was used, with three models of the representative route RCP 2.6. It was established that the species Heliocarpus popayanensis will probably increase its abundance when there are temperature changes below 8.9 ° C (calculated average), otherwise it will happen for the species Aniba muca. Modeling predicts that protected areas will conserve species, but will lose key areas of current distribution; There will be observed migration phenomena towards the area of the Natural National Park of Los Nevados, with a clear reduction of the abundance of the indicative species in areas predicted in the current distribution and the gain of other suitable areas of greater elevations to the year 2050.
Determinación de la capacidad bioremediadora de las especies Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers Y Verbesina crassiramea S.F. Blake sobre suelos contaminados con arsénico
Cepeda Hernández, Ingrid Katherine; Echavarria Pedraza, Monika Cristina
Arsenic (As) is a pollutant that is released naturally and can generate alterations to the environment and health; hence, it is considered to use the bioremediation technique as a solution. The objective of this research is to determine the bioremediation capacity of two species from Asteraceae family on arsenic contaminated soils. The species were sown in commercial soil with the required nutrients for survival and adapted to greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of adding arsenic in concentrations of 0.5, 5 and 10 ppm to three groups of ten individuals, and a control group without arsenic. The analysis of the individuals was carried out weekly for 9 weeks, the Chlorophyll Concentration Index (CCI) was determined, as well as growth variables of root, stem and number of leaves. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of arsenic in the soil, root, stem and leaves of all individuals in each group was analyzed. The results showed that Baccharis latifolia and Verbesina crassirame had characteristics of arsenic absorption and inhibition. The analysis of variance of the CCI with respect to the arsenic treatments, showed a slight variation for the two species in the last weeks of the experimentation, as well as the growth variance analysis indicated that some changes occur especially in the root. Finally, in terms of removal, it was identified that only the species B. latifolia has characteristics to accumulate heavy metals in its different organs. It can be concluded that the two species are suitable to recover areas that present arsenic concentrations, fulfilling different functions.
Determinación del origen botánico y análisis de la interacción planta-abeja en especies de Meliponinos en un sistema agroforestal (La Mesa, Cundinamarca)
Garzón Tovar, Ligia Nathalya; Solarte Cabrera, Víctor Manuel
In order to analyze the relationships established between the native bees Melipona eburnea, Tetragonisca angustula and Scaptotrigona sp (Apidae: Meliponini) with the botanical resources in an agroforestry system of La Mesa (Cundinamarca), the pollen resources were determined through melisopalinological techniques, and the temporal variation and interaction between bees and botanical species was analyzed with palinograms and interaction networks. It was found the bees use 70 pollen types into 34 families. M. eburnea obtained pollen resources from 51 species of plants, T. angustula of 55 and Scaptotrigona sp of 42. Most of pollen stored by the bees came from arboreal and shrub plants. 90% of the plants visited are native in Neotropics. The use of polliferous resources throughout the year is not carried out homogeneously. There was no correlation between the situation with the richness of the pollen types, nor with the diversity indexes of Shannon-Weaver and Pielou. The interaction network shows a generalist behavior on the part of the three meliponines species.
Determinantes locales del desempeño y la distribución espacial de estrategias funcionales en plantas de un bosque seco colombiano
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Caleño Ruíz, Blanca Luz; González Martínez, Roy Oswaldo
Environmental conditions are determinants of the assembly and coexistence of species in plant communities because they act as ecological filters that impose restrictions on their establishment and performance. Changes in water availability and variability in soil resources govern ecological spaces that can be occupied by species through the selection of particular traits. Moreover, they influence the functioning of the ecosystem (e.g. biomass dynamics) through the effects of functional traits on the performance of species and their primary productivity. On a regional scale, climate and soil fertility have been shown to generate substantial changes in plant communities, but at a local scale factors such as topography can play an important role in microenvironmental conditions that also influence the functional composition of plant communities and the way in which they generate effects on the ecosystem. In this research temporal and spatial data of plants and soil resources (water and nutrients) were analyzed from three permanent 1-ha plots located in a Colombian tropical dry forest to explore how topography can exert changes in soil conditions and how these changes influence plant functional traits and biomass dynamics at the community and species level. Two main objectives were addressed: (a) to evaluate changes in soil resources (water and nutrient content) in three 1-ha permanent plots with contrasting topographic roughness (flat, wavy and hilly), and their effects on the functional composition of plants and demographic changes of tree biomass at the community level; (b) to evaluate how local spatial variations in soil resources (water content and nutrients) and functional traits influence the spatial variation of the standing biomass of the species, as well as their demographic changes (survival, recruitment, mortality and net changes in biomass). Changes in soil water content and nutrients and functional composition of plant communities were associated with differences in the topographic roughness. Soil water content decreased from flat to hilly sites while soil nutrients increased possibly because the low soil water content of hilly sites decreases leaching and increases the concentration of nutrients. This led to a higher dominance of conservative species with dense tissues in flat sites due to nutrients limitation and in hilly sites due to soil water scarcity. The water content and nutrients of the soil had intermediate values in undulated sites which led to a greater dominance of acquisitive species. Despite these differences, the demographic changes of biomass at the community level did not differ between plots, suggesting that the effects of each species may not be differentiated at the community level. In this way, at local scales the topography generates changes in soil water and nutrients modifying plant functional configuration. The spatial variation of soil resources and functional traits had coordinated effects on standing biomass. The highest standing biomass was concentrated in sites with low soil water content and high soil nutrients where conservative species dominated, possibly because their dense tissues avoid cavitation and stem breakage, increasing biomass accumulation. Most of the remaining biomass was concentrated in sites with high soil water content and low soil nutrients where acquisitive species were associated, possibly because in these sites there are more competitive in supplying their rapid turnover rates. However, survival, mortality and net biomass changes increased in sites with low soil water content and high concentration of soil nutrients where there was a higher standing biomass. Thus, the spatial variation of soil resources and functional traits determine the distribution of standing biomass, but sites with low soil water content, high soil nutrients and conservative species promote greater storage and dynamics of biomass in the dry forest.
El difícil camino de la paz y la sostenibilidad. Un análisis del sistema socioecológico de la cuenca del río Amoyá Colombia, bajo el marco IPBES.
Álvarez Cortés, Claudia; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander; 0000-0002-3214-6894; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander [0000-0002-3214-6894]
The Amoyá river basin is an important area for its water supply for farmers, indigenous people, producer organizations and private companies, however, the use of natural resources has represented a series of socio-environmental conflicts in their management. The objective of this work is to analyze the basin from a socio-ecological systems approach and determine scenarios for sustainable territorial management. To this end, the work uses the Intergovernmental Science and Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - IPBES as the main conceptual tool. Giving scope to the IPBES conceptual framework, interviews, workshops, coverage analysis, construction of scenarios and timeline with the community were carried out, as well as a comprehensive assessment of nature's contributions. Tradeoffs of ecosystem services and the influence of local factors on territorial transformations such as coffee crops and global ones such as climate change were identified. One of the central results was the identification of community conservation agreements and strategies in natural relics outside the protected area of the Las Hermosas NNP, despite the history of armed conflict in the region, which are essential to visualize the possibilities of sustainable scenarios. .
Dinámica de la cobertura del suelo y percepción del recurso hídrico en la cuenca del lago de Tota
Wanumen Mesa, Andrea Milena; Rodríguez Eraso, Nelly; López Camacho, René
Land use changes are considered one of the greatest global changes triggers, affecting biodiversity and the services ecosystems provide to society. Understanding the dynamics behind said changes is quintessential for resources’ conservation and management, as well as for the environmental planning of productive landscape. This research analyses the change dynamic in Tota Lake land cover in Boyacá, by examining its spatial and temporal characteristics in the time frame between 1992 and 2013; and assessing the effects such dynamic has over the water resource through local community perception. As results, there was a persistence in land cover of 96.31% between 1992-2000 and 68.65% for the period 2000-2013; where in the years 1992 and 2010 pastures land cover were dominant (41.57% and 41.63% respectively); grasslands (32.8% and 31.85% respectively) were the land cover with more changes in a transition towards pastures (20.3%). Landscape’s heterogeneity is maintained and its biophysical, socioeconomic and use intensity aspects were the associated factors in the maintaining of persistence in the region. Despite this, there are significant differences in the persistence during the analyzed time frames in the municipalities of Aquitania, Cuítiva and Tota. The results indicate that changing process in land cover is stable and its product of the intensification in farming activities over five decades. The local community perceived that there has being an increment in onion crops in the last 20 years due to the giving of licenses and the use of motor pumps, causing impacts on soil and water, deteriorating its quality and diminishing its availability due to its the smallholding condition, which in turn tend to intensify the production. However, the community perceived the benefits that both the lake and its nearby paramos provide to their environment, showing positive disposition towards conservancy of these areas.
Distribución de la diversidad genética de Diomate (Astronium graveolens Jacq) en el bosque seco tropical de Colombia
Morillo Paz, Anjuly Morillo; Thomas, Evert
The Tropical Dry Forest degradation is accompanied by a loss in the genetic diversity of tree species contained in it, limiting opportunities for the implementation of conservation and restoration programs that embrace genetic diversity to enhance the capacity of ecosystems to adapt to environmental changes. We studied the genetic diversity and structure of Astronium greveolens, a representative species of the Tropical Dry Forest ecosystem, in 10 local populations located in remnants of this ecosystem in Colombia. The genetic diversity information was obtained from molecular microsatellite markers and it was compared with the modeled spatial distribution of the ecosystem in the present and past (Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and mid-Holocene (MH)). We identified three genetic groups in the populations. The populations located in the Caribbean region presented the highest diversity ranges. The population located in Guamo, Bolívar in addition to holding high diversity showed evidence of inbreeding. Patterns in habitat suitability under past climates and richness of locally common alleles might explain possible processes of expansion and suggest that the Chicamocha populations harbor the genetic diversity that gave rise to the current A. graveolens populations in the Caribbean region. Most of the populations sampled showed heterozygosity scores close to the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. However, the positive values of inbreeding coefficient found at the Guamo population together with its importance for harboring high levels of locally common alleles, suggest this is a priority area for conservation and restoration efforst. The lowest diversity values are associated with areas with lower niche coverage, such as the “Valle del Cauca” populations, where even in past periods (LGM and MH) the niche suitability is presented in small fragments compared to those identified in the Caribbean region.

Examinar

Examinando Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque por Título