Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/23
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Ítem Efecto de la frecuencia del fuego en la diversidad funcional asociada a la inflamabilidad de un bosque seco tropical de la Cuenca Alta del Río Magdalena(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Tirado León, Alejandra Paola; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela [0000-0002-2480-4009]; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni [0000-0003-3846-4735]Changes in the fire regimes of ecosystems have generated alterations in plant communities, making them more or less susceptible or tolerant to such disturbance. It has been proven that recurrent fires in altered regimes favor the appearance of functional traits associated with flammability. In the case of Colombian tropical dry forests, there are traits associated with flammability, however, it is not known how these traits change with alterations in the recurrence of fires. The objective of this research was to study the effect of fire frequency on the functional diversity associated with the flammability of TDF in the Upper Magdalena River Basin. To this end, the variability in fire frequency in TDF relics in the study area was characterized using Geographic Information Systems. Subsequently, the functional traits associated with flammability were compared between the different fire frequencies, and finally, the changes in the metrics of functional diversity and functional types of plants associated with flammability at the different sites were evaluated. It was found that all evaluated species present some degree of flammability, and that a higher fire frequency generated significant changes in the functional diversity associated with flammability. Thus, two functional types of plants were found, one associated with medium flammability and another with high flammability. Additionally, it was detected that the most flammable species presented a strong association with the dry matter content in branches and leaves, and the basic density of the wood. All the functional traits evaluated presented significance in response to changes in fire frequency. We also detected greater functional uniformity under a higher fire frequency, in contrast to greater functional divergence and dispersion and quadratic entropy in unburned sites. These results suggest that Colombian inter-Andean tropical dry forests could be tolerant to fire, and that a higher fire frequency could be causing these ecosystems to be more flammable. These results should be considered in management and restoration programs of Colombian TDF in favor of their conservation and in the search for less flammable systems in the face of climate change scenarios and alterations in fire regimes.Ítem Modelación de la distribución potencial del ratón andino Chilomys instans (Thomas, 1895)Castellanos Flórez, Ronald; Rodríguez Bolaños, Abelardo; Rodríguez Saza, Freddy; Rodríguez Bolaños, Abelardo [0000-0002-2761-1712]; Rodríguez Saza, Freddy [0000-0001-9709-4258]The Andean mouse Chilomys instans (Thomas 1895) is an endemic species of the northern Andes, little is known about its natural history, evolution, and ecology. This specie has been recorded in relatively well-preserved natural areas in high mountains, leading to the belief that it may be a group with high ecological requirements. The main objective of the study is to describe the potential niche distribution areas for this species, as well as to assess the geographical and altitudinal niche differentiation, identify the environmental variables influencing its suitable habitat, and generate some considerations regarding its conservation. The maximum entropy algorithm was applied to develop predictive models of maximum probability of habitat suitability. These models were produced using presence data and incorporating climatic variables and vegetation cover indices from remote sensors, implementing analyses for altitude, geography, and both aspects combined. An analysis of protected natural areas was conducted by overlaying vector layers of the protected areas system of Colombia and Ecuador with the general potential distribution to estimate the amount of territory the system is protecting for the species' suitable habitat. The models achieved AUC values greater than 0.9. For general model, different temperature variables were important in its construction. Elevation and isothermality influenced the development of models considering altitude. For geographical models, different aspects of temperature and leaf area produced particular potential distributions for each region. In Colombia, suitable habitat covers 186 territories in some management category, with Regional Natural Parks having the highest proportion (40%). In Ecuador, suitable habitat covers eleven protected areas, with a large part being National Parks (206,535.05 ha). The maximum probability of suitable habitat for C. instans encompasses high mountain habitats (> 2100 meters above sea level), from the south of Ecuador to occupying the three mountain ranges of Colombia in different proportions. However, models resulting from altitude and geographical differentiation analysis form distinct potential distributions, allowing the inference of a possible niche differentiation for Chilomys instans, in which altitude, topography, and geography converge in a possible isolation of potential populations initially distributed in the general model. National and Regional Natural Parks, as well as Flora and Fauna Sanctuaries, strictly protect the Andean Chilomys, given the conservation vocation for which they are safeguarded. On the other hand, a significant portion of Chilomys' suitable habitat overlaps with areas in management categories that allow sustainable use of biodiversity through anthropic activities such as agriculture, livestock, and mining, thus threatening the suitable habitat for this species to some extent.Ítem Determinantes locales del desempeño y la distribución espacial de estrategias funcionales en plantas de un bosque seco colombiano(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Caleño Ruíz, Blanca Luz; González Martínez, Roy OswaldoEnvironmental conditions are determinants of the assembly and coexistence of species in plant communities because they act as ecological filters that impose restrictions on their establishment and performance. Changes in water availability and variability in soil resources govern ecological spaces that can be occupied by species through the selection of particular traits. Moreover, they influence the functioning of the ecosystem (e.g. biomass dynamics) through the effects of functional traits on the performance of species and their primary productivity. On a regional scale, climate and soil fertility have been shown to generate substantial changes in plant communities, but at a local scale factors such as topography can play an important role in microenvironmental conditions that also influence the functional composition of plant communities and the way in which they generate effects on the ecosystem. In this research temporal and spatial data of plants and soil resources (water and nutrients) were analyzed from three permanent 1-ha plots located in a Colombian tropical dry forest to explore how topography can exert changes in soil conditions and how these changes influence plant functional traits and biomass dynamics at the community and species level. Two main objectives were addressed: (a) to evaluate changes in soil resources (water and nutrient content) in three 1-ha permanent plots with contrasting topographic roughness (flat, wavy and hilly), and their effects on the functional composition of plants and demographic changes of tree biomass at the community level; (b) to evaluate how local spatial variations in soil resources (water content and nutrients) and functional traits influence the spatial variation of the standing biomass of the species, as well as their demographic changes (survival, recruitment, mortality and net changes in biomass). Changes in soil water content and nutrients and functional composition of plant communities were associated with differences in the topographic roughness. Soil water content decreased from flat to hilly sites while soil nutrients increased possibly because the low soil water content of hilly sites decreases leaching and increases the concentration of nutrients. This led to a higher dominance of conservative species with dense tissues in flat sites due to nutrients limitation and in hilly sites due to soil water scarcity. The water content and nutrients of the soil had intermediate values in undulated sites which led to a greater dominance of acquisitive species. Despite these differences, the demographic changes of biomass at the community level did not differ between plots, suggesting that the effects of each species may not be differentiated at the community level. In this way, at local scales the topography generates changes in soil water and nutrients modifying plant functional configuration. The spatial variation of soil resources and functional traits had coordinated effects on standing biomass. The highest standing biomass was concentrated in sites with low soil water content and high soil nutrients where conservative species dominated, possibly because their dense tissues avoid cavitation and stem breakage, increasing biomass accumulation. Most of the remaining biomass was concentrated in sites with high soil water content and low soil nutrients where acquisitive species were associated, possibly because in these sites there are more competitive in supplying their rapid turnover rates. However, survival, mortality and net biomass changes increased in sites with low soil water content and high concentration of soil nutrients where there was a higher standing biomass. Thus, the spatial variation of soil resources and functional traits determine the distribution of standing biomass, but sites with low soil water content, high soil nutrients and conservative species promote greater storage and dynamics of biomass in the dry forest.Ítem Análisis de las relaciones socioeconómicas entre comunidades locales, recursos forestales y otras contribuciones del bosque en un frente de deforestación de la Amazonia (Solano, Caquetá)(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Lorenzana Velosa, Wendy Katherin; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Ortiz Bahamón, Javier; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]During the "restoration decade," the Colombian Amazon faces high deforestation rates, warranting restoration endeavors. These efforts focus on population groups with meaningful economic interactions with forest resources for subsistence. Hence, it becomes imperative to incorporate the communities’ perceptions and livelihoods for restoration interventions that influence local socioeconomic dynamics. This study uses network analysis to prioritize socioeconomic relations inKoreguaje indigenous communities, focusing on forest contributions. The methodology applies IPBES' concept of nature's contributions to people (NCPs). Data collection involved monitoring forest products, workshops, interviews, and analyses to assess socioeconomic networks and prioritize forest contributions. We found patterns of high self-consumption and limited commercialization. Forest and traditional agricultural system ("chagra") contributions center around "food," "energy," and"materials." Products like chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes), uva-caimarona (Pourouma cecropiifolia), andmambe (containing Cecropia sp.) are prioritized for sale, while caimo (Pouteria caimito), cumare(Astrocaryum chambira), and canelo (Mespilodaphne quixos) are self-consumed. The main local NCPs differ from NCPs prioritized in national and Latin American analyses related to forest restoration. Findings suggest integrating socioeconomic aspects in restoration strategies implies including "food,""energy," and "materials," and recognizing the importance of the "chagra." Additionally, commercialization in Koreguaje territories, alternative approaches prioritizing non-monetary objectives and enhancing local networks are crucial.Ítem Valoración sociocultural del Oso Andino (Tremarctos Ornatus) como proveedor de servicios ecosistémicos, en paisajes transformados del municipio de Junín, Cundinamarca, ColombiaGómez Sierra, Lizeth Lorena; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander; 0000-0002-3214-6894The overlap of human activities with the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) distribution area has generated a conflict between local populations and the bear. In order to understand the sociocultural perception of the importance of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) as a provider of ecosystem services, semi-structured surveys were conducted with some residents of Junín to identify ecosystem services, pressures affecting the Andean bear, and perceptions of conflict from different local actors. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were performed with Excel software, network analysis with Gephi.0.9.2 software, and logistic regression with R Studio software. 81% of respondents consider the bear to be important mainly for its existence value, while 19% state that the mammal is not important because it represents a danger to their livestock. The most recognized function is seed dispersal, and the services that the bear is identified as providing are forest regeneration and water regulation. Older people tend to recognize the importance of the bear more. There is a disconnect between institutions and the local community, which hinders conservation processes. Therefore, it is essential to understand their perceptions, needs, desires and opinions about the territory and the conflict with the bear and to encourage their participation in conservation strategies accompanied by tangible benefits.Ítem Influencia del arado y la densidad de plantación con especies nativas en la regeneración de Ulex europaeus L.Rodríguez González, Iván Camilo; Garibello Peña, Juan Camilo; Parrado Rosselli, AngelaThe Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is considered one of the most aggressive invasive species globally due to its ecological and economic impacts. In Colombia, it has been reported since 1932 and quickly invaded disturbed areas. Various techniques have been tested worldwide to control this invader; however, many of them are not applicable in Colombia. Therefore, the most commonly used strategy in the country to combat the Gorse is the manual and periodic removal of its shoots, even though its implementation is costly and does not efficiently prevent re-invasion. In this regard, the question arises of how the periodic removal of shoots can be optimized. To answer this question, this study evaluated the effect of manual plowing, planting density, and leaf size grouping of planted individuals on the regeneration of U. europaeus. These variables are considered complementary strategies to periodic manual shoot removal. Two experimental designs were established to reduce Gorse regeneration following initial removal; one aimed to evaluate the effect of plowing and leaf size grouping, and the other to test planting density and leaf sizes. It was found that plowing with successive manual removals significantly decreased the seed bank, while higher planting density did not lead to a significant reduction in Gorse shoots. Although leaf sizes did not have a consistent effect in the two experiments, it can be stated that merely planting reduces the invader's regeneration. In conclusion, the current management model for Ulex europaeus can be improved, and its capacity to re-invade reduced by combining manual and periodic shoot removal with soil plowing and the establishment of plantations.Ítem Patrones de distribución funcional de plantas en un bosque seco tropical de La Guajira, ColombiaGarzón Ramos, Fabián Camilo; González-M, Roy; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-1410; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-998XRecent studies on community assembly mechanisms that drive plant species in tropical forests have presented contrasting views on the predominance of biotic and abiotic selective forces at local scales. In this study, we investigated the influence of local topographic variations and the effects of functional density dependence on functional distribution patterns in a tropical dry forest (TDF). To do this, we measured leaf and wood traits of 87 species in a 10-hectare permanent plot and used topographic information to define local environmental variations. Additionally, we assessed the effects of density dependence using the effective nearest neighbor distance and used functional richness and dissimilarity indices to determine the relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors influencing community assembly. Our findings show that at a local scale, both topography and functional density dependence differentially affect the functional distribution of plant species in the TDF. Specifically, we found that: 1) the topographic gradient affects resource availability, with low functional richness and high functional dissimilarity observed at the extremes of this gradient, and 2) the low density of individuals and species is associated with low functional richness and high functional dissimilarity, but is strongly influenced by local topography.Ítem El difícil camino de la paz y la sostenibilidad. Un análisis del sistema socioecológico de la cuenca del río Amoyá Colombia, bajo el marco IPBES.Álvarez Cortés, Claudia; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander; 0000-0002-3214-6894; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander [0000-0002-3214-6894]The Amoyá river basin is an important area for its water supply for farmers, indigenous people, producer organizations and private companies, however, the use of natural resources has represented a series of socio-environmental conflicts in their management. The objective of this work is to analyze the basin from a socio-ecological systems approach and determine scenarios for sustainable territorial management. To this end, the work uses the Intergovernmental Science and Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - IPBES as the main conceptual tool. Giving scope to the IPBES conceptual framework, interviews, workshops, coverage analysis, construction of scenarios and timeline with the community were carried out, as well as a comprehensive assessment of nature's contributions. Tradeoffs of ecosystem services and the influence of local factors on territorial transformations such as coffee crops and global ones such as climate change were identified. One of the central results was the identification of community conservation agreements and strategies in natural relics outside the protected area of the Las Hermosas NNP, despite the history of armed conflict in the region, which are essential to visualize the possibilities of sustainable scenarios. .Ítem Efecto de la intensidad del uso del bosque altoandino en el ensamblaje de orquídeas epífitasHernández Rodríguez, David Esteban; López Camacho, René; Campos Salazar, Laura Victoria; López Camacho, René [0000-0003-2026-0371]High Andean forests have experienced a significant reduction in their natural areas, with a considerable portion of the remaining forests being degraded or undergoing different successional processes. While transformed forests play a vital role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, their contribution to the preservation of the epiphyte orchid assemblage (EOA), which represents one of the most biodiverse groups in these ecosystems, remains unclear. The EOA is highly sensitive to forest transformation as it heavily relies on the structural and micro-environmental conditions that constitute the vertical gradient of the forests. This study aimed to assess the impact of forest-use intensity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the EOA, as well as its structure and the response of functional traits along the vertical gradient. Taxonomic diversity and assemblage structure were evaluated by adapting the sampling methodology for richness and abundance of vascular epiphytes (SVERA). Functional diversity was assessed using multi trait indices and the weighted mean of the community, considering leaf, stem, and root traits. Our findings revealed that the EOA in the degraded forest exhibited a structure and functional diversity similar to that of the mature forest, in contrast to the secondary forest, which displayed the most significant differences. This outcome can be attributed to the maintenance of a similar structure and vertical gradient among the forests, despite transformations occurring in the degraded forest. Notably, the presence of large remaining trees seems to be associated with this similarity. Consequently, degraded forests possess considerable value for the conservation of the EOA, and their management should prioritize the preservation of the remaining large trees. Overall, this study provides insights into the effects of forest-use intensity on the epiphyte orchid assemblage, shedding light on the potential conservation value of degraded forests. The findings emphasize the importance of incorporating the preservation of large trees into forest management strategies, contributing to the protection of biodiversity in the high Andean forests.Ítem Efecto de la intensidad del uso del bosque altoandino en el ensamblaje de orquídeas epífitasHernández Rodríguez, David Esteban; López Camacho, René; López Camacho, René [0000-0003-2026-0371]High Andean forests have experienced a significant reduction in their natural areas, with a considerable portion of the remaining forests being degraded or undergoing different successional processes. While transformed forests play a vital role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, their contribution to the preservation of the epiphyte orchid assemblage (EOA), which represents one of the most biodiverse groups in these ecosystems, remains unclear. The EOA is highly sensitive to forest transformation as it heavily relies on the structural and micro-environmental conditions that constitute the vertical gradient of the forests. This study aimed to assess the impact of forest-use intensity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the EOA, as well as its structure and the response of functional traits along the vertical gradient. Taxonomic diversity and assemblage structure were evaluated by adapting the sampling methodology for richness and abundance of vascular epiphytes (SVERA). Functional diversity was assessed using multi trait indices and the weighted mean of the community, considering leaf, stem, and root traits. Our findings revealed that the EOA in the degraded forest exhibited a structure and functional diversity similar to that of the mature forest, in contrast to the secondary forest, which displayed the most significant differences. This outcome can be attributed to the maintenance of a similar structure and vertical gradient among the forests, despite transformations occurring in the degraded forest. Notably, the presence of large remaining trees seems to be associated with this similarity. Consequently, degraded forests possess considerable value for the conservation of the EOA, and their management should prioritize the preservation of the remaining large trees. Overall, this study provides insights into the effects of forest-use intensity on the epiphyte orchid assemblage, shedding light on the potential conservation value of degraded forests. The findings emphasize the importance of incorporating the preservation of large trees into forest management strategies, contributing to the protection of biodiversity in the high Andean forests.Ítem Respuesta funcional de Heterotermes tenuis Hagen (insecta: Blattaria: Isoptera) en forestaciones de la orinoquía colombianaSalazar Salazar, Luis Ricardo; Pinzón Florián, Olga PatriciaThe xylophagous species Heterotermes tenuis is widely distributed in the Colombian East plains, and the frequency of its colonies increases in Pinus caribaea forestations. The functional response of the size of the functional morphological traits (FMT) associated with feeding and colony defense was compared among four plantation ages and gallery forest relicts. Comparisons among forest relicts and plantations were made using non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, PERMANOVA, and multinomial models. A more significant effect of the type of land use than the plantation ages was observed in the larger size of the workers, while the results were not conclusive in the soldier caste. The results suggested homogenization of the FMT of the worker caste of H. tenuis in pine plantations, most likely but not only related to an increase in the food supply of softwoods of P. caribaeaÍtem Sistema agroforestal alnus glutinosa - coffea arabiga, opción de sostenibilidad hídrica en la provincia del tequendama.Aponte Pulido, Leonardo Alfredo; 0009-0000-4265-6436The Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and Coffee (Coffea arábiga) agroforestry system was studied in Cundinamarca Colombia, for water regulation. Total precipitation, internal precipitation, stem runoff and runoff were measured in 10 months. Four repetitions were used for plots with: coffee, coffee - alder and managed pastures. Evapotranspiration was calculated. Basic statistics parameters and Shapiro Wilk and Monte Carlo test with 1000 tests. Results indicate that alder and coffee regulate 46%, while only coffee 33% and grass 21%. The variables measured, alder and brown: internal precipitation 62.9%, stem runoff 2.15%, interception 32%, runoff 52.4% and infiltration 26.6%. The coffee internal precipitation 70.7%, stem runoff 1.6%, interception 27.7%, runoff 57.5% and infiltration 11%. Finally, pastures runoff 69.6% and infiltration 18.7%.Ítem Propuesta de zonificación de áreas para conectividad ecológica en la Serranía de las Quinchas (Colombia)Vallejo Murcia, Oscar; Preciado Beltrán, Jair; 0000-0001-5572-5170; Preciado Beltrán, Jair [0000-0001-5572-5170]TheSerranía de las Quinchas is located in the region called Magdalena Medio in Colombia, with well-conserved forests, high biodiversity, and high levels of endemism. However, there are socio-environmental conflicts derived from the presence of social actors that grow illicit crops, perform illegal usage of the forest, and develop activities associated with oil and natural gas exploitation. The anthropic pressure in the area has transformed the landscape, resulting in a fragmentation process that is reflected in the loss of forest density and biodiversity. Using physical, socioeconomic, and biotic criteria. Resistance and connectivity models were generated, resulting in 40.8% of the area with a very high level of connectivity to a high level of connectivity in which preservation and protection are proposed, 19.8% with a medium level of connectivity with the proposal of protection and restoration, 39.4% are areas with a low level of connectivity to a very low level of connectivity in which sustainable activities, silvopastoral and agroforestry systems are proposed.Ítem Sistema agroforestal alnus glutinosa - coffea arabiga, opción de sostenibilidad hídrica en la provincia del TequendamaAponte Pulido, Leonardo Alfredo; García Olmos, Carlos Francisco; 0000-0001-8546-4223; García Olmos, Carlos Francisco [0000-0001-8546-4223]; Aponte Pulido, Leonardo Alfredo [0009-0000-4265-6436]Study of the agroforestry system of Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and Coffee (Coffea arabica) in Cundinamarca - Colombia, for water regulation. Total precipitation, internal precipitation, stemflow and runoff were measured over 10 months. Four replicates were used for plots with: coffee, coffee-alder, and managed pasture. Evapotranspiration was calculated. Basic statistics parameters, as well as Shapiro-Wilk and Monte Carlo tests with 1000 trials were employed. Results indicate that alder and coffee regulate 46%, while coffee alone 33% and pasture 21%. For the measured variables, alder and coffee had: internal precipitation 62.9%, stemflow 2.15%, interception 32%, runoff 52.4%, and infiltration 26.6%. Coffee had internal precipitation 70.7%, stemflow 1.6%, interception 27.7%, runoff 57.5%, and infiltration 11%. Finally, pasture had runoff 69.6% and infiltration 18.7%.Ítem Respuesta de la diversidad y estructura gremial de aves depredadoras a cambios en variables urbanas de una megaciudad neotropicalMontejo Casas, Daniel Augusto; Parrado-Rosselli, Angela; Parrado-Rosselli, Angela [0000-0002-2480-4009]Negative effects of urbanization on bird diversity are widely known, however, recently there has been discussed about what is the best way of urbanizing to reduce such impacts and improve ecosystem services. Within this scope, the present research evaluated the response of the predatory bird community to changes in urban variables along the urban-forest gradient in the City of Bogotá D.C, in order to provide parameters that contribute to this discussion. For this purpose, characteristics of urban forest gradient were described according to urban planning variables of compact cities and green areas, such as composition and structure of plant cover, percentages of impervious surfaces, bare, and leaf litter cover, construction indices , compactness, density, to later evaluate their response on the diversity and guild structure of predatory birds along the gradient, through the realization of linear models. Variables such as the construction index showed a negative affect on the richness and equity of predatory birds, while its influence was positive on abundance of generalist trophic guilds, which proves negative effect of compact cities. However, the results show that management of green areas variables such as a reduced impervious surfaces cover, an increase in leaf litter cover, as well as a complex plant structure, with a predominance of native plant species, can contribute to favoring the diversity and guild structure of predatory birds, even in compact cities.Ítem Asociaciones de co-ocurrencia entre grupos epiedáficos de hormigas depredadoras, colémbolos y termitas en forestaciones comerciales de la Orinoquía colombianaDuarte Núñez, Dayssy Anyely; Pinzón Florián, Olga Patricia; 0000-0002-5858-4083In the Orinoco sub-region, commercial forestry is a promising socio-economic opportunity that contributes to reducing the existing pressure on natural forests. However, documenting the role of afforestation in conserving soil biodiversity as an input to promote sustainable forest management and its associated diversity is scarce. For this reason, in this study, we evaluated the co-occurrence of predatory ants with termites and springtails based on changes in their abundance to better explain the assemblages observed in different land uses and two contrasting climatic seasons. For this purpose, samples of ants, termites, and springtails were collected from 2, 6, 8, and 14-year-old Eucalyptus pellita plantations, pastures, and gallery forest remnants in November 2014 and May 2015. Specimens were processed and identified at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Forest Health Laboratory. The co-occurrence analysis between predatory ants with termites and with springtails compared the relative abundances of each group (ants, termites, and springtails) for each cover and contrasting climatic season. A positive correlation between the abundance of termites, springtails and predatory ants occurred in plantations, gallery forests, and pastures. Besides the influence of vegetation coverage, the climatic season also affected the assemblages of ants, termites, and springtails. Also, dominant ant species are generalists and respond seasonally to the supply of termites and springtails in the different coverages. Therefore, it is presumed that the spatial and temporal co-occurrence among the groups analyzed does not necessarily indicate predatory interactions between ants and their potential prey, termites, and springtails.Ítem Un modelo basado en sensores remotos e inteligencia artificial para la estimación de la degradación del bosqueUnriza Vargas, Jaime Andrés; Rodríguez Albarracín, Heidy Soledad; RodríguezForest degradation and deforestation are environmental problems that diminish the provision of ecosystem services. A possible solution for the identification and monitoring of these problems are monitoring systems based on remote sensing; information from active and passive satellites offers a great deal of useful information. Despite this, there is a limitation in tropical areas due to the high presence of clouds throughout the year, which consequently limits the amount of information. Thus, this study proposes a model that makes use of remote sensing and artificial intelligence for the identification of forest degradation with limited information using NDVI, its variation between time windows in the period 1990 - 2019 and machine learning tools. This study was developed in tropical rainforest in the municipality of Mapiripán (Meta, Colombia), an area where problems of illicit crops and deforestation have been identified. To address this problem, a model was proposed based on geographic information systems for the identification of degradation related to deforestation. When comparing 7 machine learning algorithms, it was found that the neural network algorithm of three hidden layers (model with the best performance, 75.25% accuracy) and the second model corresponds to the linear discriminant algorithm (73.25% accuracy) show better performance despite its limited information. Additionally, it was possible to identify that 60% of the deforested areas suffered some degree of intervention that led to deforestation, which could be avoided through a monitoring and early warning system.Ítem Análisis funcional de rasgos xilemáticos y biomasa aérea en bosques húmedos tropicales de la Orinoquia ColombianaDíaz Cortés, Sebastián Emilio; Aldana Serrano, Ana Maria; López Camacho, René; López Camacho, René [0000-0003-2026-0371]The following document contains the results and analysis of the project "Functional Analysis of Wood Traits and Above Ground Biomass in Tropical Moist Forests of the Colombian Orinoquia". The thesis is based on two general research questions: what is the relationship of functional diversity, generated from wood traits, with above ground biomass stocks and storage rates? and, which are the characteristics of plant functional types, generated from wood traits, that condition above ground biomass and productivity? Due to the phases necessary to meet the objectives of the project, this research was elaborated in 3 chapters that cover the specific objectives of the initial project: determine above ground biomass stocks and storage rates; characterize functional diversity, based on wood traits of dominant species; and interpret patterns of relationship between functional diversity and above ground biomass.Ítem Propuesta para fortalecer la chagra andina desde el conocimiento ancestral: una contribución a la conservación del Bosque Alto Andino en el Resguardo de Males Municipio de Córdoba- Nariño 1990-2020Gómez Cuarán, María Nelly; Moreno Aguilar, Ruth MiriamThe Chagra as an ecological and cultural system considered as a means of sustainability for indigenous peoples is subject to multiple tensions that have caused its tendency to disappear in recent years. The objective of this work is to show, in the context of the Males reservation, the relationship between deforestation processes of the high andean forest and the decline of the Chagra, in the last three decades between 1990 and 2020. For this purpose, secondary information was compiled and systematized, complemented with descriptive and ethnographic research, the life histories of the participants, social mapping and the application of the Corine land cover methodology. Among the main findings is that the decline of the Chagra is due to the differential but simultaneous concurrence of multiple factors, including the increase of roads and the consequent increase in population, with direct effects on deforestation, monocultures, as well as the absence of leadership of the maximum authority of the Resguardo, all of which has influenced the decline of the Chagra culture and contributed to the deforestation of the high andean forest.Ítem Efectos del cambio climático en la distribución del género Pronophila Doubleday (Satyrinae, Pronophilina) en bosques andinos en ColombiaMurillo Puerta, Ana María; Mahecha Jiménez, Oscar JavierThe genus Pronophila Doubleday [1849] belongs to the Pronophilina subtribe (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), and it is distributed from northwestern Argentina (Tucumán) to the extreme north of Colombia (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) and northeastern Venezuela (Turimiquire), with only one representative in the mountains of Central America (P. timanthes). Normally, Pronophila species inhabit montane forests between 1000-3000 meters above sea level, registering the maximum diversity around 2000-2400 meters above sea level. For Colombia, an endemic species of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (P. juliani) is registered. However, the biology of the genus has been little studied. Therefore, many characteristics of its natural history are still unknown. In addition, due to the different disturbance processes caused by the Anthropocene (global warming, mining, urbanization, livestock, intensive agriculture, etc.), has generated a loss of habitat in many species, both animal and plant, which has affected the patterns of distribution and diversity of the different taxa, as is the case of the species that make up the genus Pronophila in the country, since the Andean region has been one of the areas most affected by these anthropic activities in recent decades. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to generate a potential distribution model for Pronophila species in the country, under various climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2070, and to make a comparison with a recent distribution model, to be able to assess the effect of climate change on the distribution of the genus Pronophila. The projection of the different models was carried out in the R software, using the MaxEnt algorithm. The Jackknife test was used to determine the bioclimatic variables that influenced the results. Once the maps of the recent and future modeling were obtained for each of the species, using the ArcGis software, the potential distribution area of the Lepidoptera was compared. The results show that the 4 species subjected to modeling will experience reductions in their potential distribution areas throughout the years 2050 and 2070 and the bioclimatic variables associated with temperature had a greater influence on the models. This made it possible to establish general patterns of distribution, which allow prioritizing conservation strategies that mitigate population declines and local extinctions predicted by anthropogenic climate change in butterflies associated with mountain ecosystems.