Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/23
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Ítem Diversidad funcional de plantas, aves y murciélagos integrantes de redes de dispersión de semillas en un gradiente de transformación del paisaje rural cafetero(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Betancourt, Laura Melisa; Castaño Salazar, John Harold; Castaño Salazar, John Harold [0000-0001-9559-4494]Functional diversity has been shown to be more sensitive than taxonomic diversity to land-use changes, making it essential to evaluate its multitaxon response to landscape transformation. In this study, we analyzed variations in the functional diversity of plants, birds, and bats within seed dispersal networks in a rural coffee-growing landscape, considering a transformation gradient represented by three scenarios: 1) forests, 2) forest fragments, and 3) agroecosystems. To achieve this, we characterized morphological functional traits, established functional groups, and calculated single- and multi-trait functional diversity indices. The comparison between scenarios using a permutational analysis (PERMANOVA) did not detect statistically significant differences in overall functional diversity. However, a detailed analysis of the indices and functional group structure revealed patterns of dominance and loss of certain traits in the more transformed cenarios, suggesting a decline in the ecological functionality of dispersers, with potential negative effects on natural regeneration. This indicates that while agricultural systems retain some ecological functionality, land se change and reduced connectivity may compromise the resilience of seed dispersal networks and their associated ecosystem services. Our findings highlight the need to integrate functional diversity as a key criterion in conservation and landscape management strategies. Understanding how species functionally respond to landscape structural changes enables the evelopment of more effective strategies to mitigate the effects of ecosystem transformation and promote the persistence of ecological interactions essential for forest regeneration and the maintenance of ecosystem services.Ítem Variación del stock de biomasa aérea de coberturas vegetales del paisaje en la transición del Bosque húmedo a seco tropical(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Leal Rodríguez, Gershon Augusto; Meza Elizalde, María ConstanzaTransitional zones (TZs) are key areas where contrasting ecosystems converge, influencing landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity conservation. Their analysis is essential for understanding ecological changes in both natural and transformed landscapes. This study assessed diversity, forest structure, landscape configuration, and aboveground biomass (AGB) in a transitional zone between the tropical humid forest (THF) and the tropical dry forest (TDF) in the Colombian Caribbean. Based on a multiscale analysis, the TZ was first identified through a spatial analysis of climatic variables from vegetation sampling plots. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to select the most relevant climatic variables, followed by a multivariate clustering. Variation in AGB along the ecosystem gradient was determined through floristic characterization of natural and transformed land covers, inferential and descriptive analyses, and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Relationships between AGB, climatic variables, landscape metrics, and tree taxonomic diversity were explored using redundancy analysis (RDA) and variance tests. The results showed that 88.3% of the climatic variability in the transition was explained by relative humidity (RH), precipitation (PP), solar radiation (Rad), and evapotranspiration (Evap), allowing the identification of four zones, two of which comprise the TZ. AGB was significantly higher, as was forest diversity, patch area, and perimeter, in the THF and TZ compared to the TDF, reflecting its degradation. Species richness and Shannon diversity were slightly higher in the TZ compared to the THF and significantly higher than in the TDF. Likewise, AGB decreased with increasing Euclidean distance and shape index, although significantly from the TZ to the TDF. Taxonomic diversity explained 65.91% of the variation in AGB, while climatic and landscape variables accounted for 10.89% of its variation. These findings highlight the importance of including TZs in management and conservation strategies, given their essential role in maintaining the functionality and sustainability of sensitive and disturbed landscapes. Their high biodiversity value results from the overlap of THF and TDF species with distinct floristic arrangements. Moreover, they demonstrate differentiated productivity capacity (AGB) and a key role in ecosystem service provision.Ítem Efecto de la frecuencia de fuego sobre las redes de dispersión de semillas mediadas por murciélagos en un bosque seco tropical(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Corredor Ospina, Juan Nicolás; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela; Rodríguez-Bolaños, Abelardo; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela [0000-0002-2480-4009]; Rodríguez Bolaños, Abelardo [0000-0002-2761-1712]; Corredor Ospina, Juan Nicolás [0009-0006-8845-7356]Fire is a major driver of biodiversity change, exerting both positive and negative effects on ecosystem composition, structure, and function. Although Colombian tropical dry forests have a long history of fire disturbance, its ecological consequences remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of fire frequency changes over the structure (connectance, degree of specialization, modularity, and nestedness). Our results show that higher fire frequencies reduced modularity and specialization, while increasing connectance and nestedness. These structural shifts appear to be driven by the proliferation of super-generalist species, particularly Carollia perspicillata and Piper marginatum, which assumed central roles in mutualistic networks as connections from other species declined. Such dynamics are relevant because they contribute to the maintenance of key ecosystem services, even under conditions of recurrent disturbance, and provide insights into the formulation of restoration strategies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of fire frequency on bat-mediated seed dispersal networks, offering novel perspectives on species resilience and the functioning of highly disturbed ecosystems such as the Colombian tropical dry forest.Ítem Factores ambientales de las plantaciones forestales exóticas y limitación en el establecimiento de especies nativas en los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Matoma Cardona, Jeferson Mauricio; Aguilar Garavito, Mauricio; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Aguilar Garavito, Mauricio [0000-0002-3746-586X]; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]The establishment of forest plantations is recognized as an important strategy for ecosystem management and conservation. However, their potential negative impacts, such as reduced biodiversity and ecosystem homogenization, have also been debated. This study investigates how environmental factors in exotic Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia melanoxylon plantations in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá limit or favor the survival and growth of native species. During 2019 and 2022, variables such as slope, soil physical and chemical properties, canopy and understory composition and structure, as well as the shade tolerance strategy of native species were evaluated. It was hypothesized that the survival and growth of native species would be higher in plantations with lower slopes, canopy and understory cover, and higher levels of soil phosphorus and organic carbon, and that shade-tolerant species would show greater survival and growth. Acacia melanoxylon plantations showed higher levels of soil organic carbon, while mixed plantations showed greater basal area and density. Eucalyptus globulus plantations had greater herbaceous cover and available phosphorus. Shade-tolerant species survived more than shade-tolerant species, and individual density in plantations favored the survival of native species. Growth in height and diameter of native species was greater in Acacia melanoxylon plantations and under site conditions with lower slopes, canopy coverage, density, and basal area. Shade tolerance of native species was not a determining factor for their growth. It was concluded that site characteristics and management of exotic plantations significantly affect the regeneration of native species during their establishment stage, affecting survival and growth differently. This suggests the need for silvicultural practices that promote biodiversity and ecological restoration under the canopy of forest plantations.Ítem Influencia de los rasgos funcionales en las respuestas de los árboles a los huracanes en bosques secos tropicales insulares(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Martínez Herrera, Blanca Aurora; Avella Muñoz, Andrés; González Martínez, Roy; Avella Muñoz, Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]Hurricanes are intense disturbances that affect the composition, structure, and functioning of insular tropical ecosystems. However, little is known about how these extreme events affect functional diversity in tropical dry forests. We evaluated the effect of Hurricane Iota (November 2020, category 5) on the composition and functional diversity of the woody vegetation on the islands of Old Providence and Santa Catalina, in the Colombian Caribbean, in order to provide inputs for the design of restoration strategies. We used 47 transects and 29 permanent plots of 0.01 ha sampled between 2021 and 2022, where we measured eight functional traits (five hydraulic and three mechanical) in 436 individuals of 103 species and estimated the aboveground biomass of 2423 individuals. Our analyses revealed a functional gradient defined by a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and mechanical resistance. We found that 90.5% of individuals survived, although 36.9% showed structural damage, and that the functional dissimilarity between live and dead biomass was significant (β₀ = 0.357; p = 0.032). The surviving species tended to have high hydraulic efficiency, while those with denser wood, higher Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) were more affected. Additionally, we did not detect any clear associations between traits and types of damage. We grouped the species into four functional groups (resistant, lost, intermediate, and rare) according to their relative contribution to live and dead biomass. We conclude that the hurricane acted as an environmental filter that favored species with efficient hydraulic strategies. Post-hurricane restoration should prioritize species with efficient hydraulic strategies in early phases, integrate mechanical conservative groups in successional stages, and include rare species to maintain functional diversity and ensure long-term resilience.Ítem Indicadores ambientales para la gestión del turismo de naturaleza en áreas bajo protección privada de bosques altoandinos de la provincia del Tequendama(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rodríguez Espinosa , Adriana; Espinosa García, Helmut; Espinosa García Helmut [0000-0001-9341-3995]The ecosystem of the High Andean forests in Colombia stands out for its biological richness, hosting numerous endemic and endangered species. Despite their fundamental role in water regulation, they face threats such as deforestation and urbanization due to changes in land use. This research aims to propose a set of indicators to assess the sustainability of nature tourism in areas of High Andean forests, in order to determine the level of management in areas under Private Protected Areas (PPA). Various methods, such as systematic review, analytical hierarchical analysis, and content analysis, were employed to identify criteria and indicators in each dimension of sustainability. The results demonstrate that the dimension with the greatest weight for Tunos and Chicaque parks is the Ecological Environmental, followed by the other dimensions. The participation of various actors, including control and monitoring institutions, was crucial in this process.Ítem Dinámicas de los sistemas socioecológicos de bosques altoandinos en Áreas Bajo Protección Privada (APP) de la Provincia del Tequendama(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Buitrago, Victoria; Espinosa Garcia, Helmut; Espinosa Garcia Helmut [0000-0001-9341-3995]The High Andean Forests are highly vulnerable socio-ecological systems due to various anthropogenic pressures, which is why conservation strategies such as Private Protected Areas (PPAs) have been implemented. This research focuses on evaluating the dynamics of Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) in the transformation of high Andean forests into PPAs over the last 20 years, in relation to nature tourism and its conservation achievements. A bibliometric analysis, a multi-temporal analysis of land cover for the years 2000 and 2021, an analysis of socio-ecological relationships, and the proposal of a conceptual model of nature tourism dynamics were carried out. The results revealed that the determining factors in land use within PPAs in the high Andean forests are grouped into five main themes: Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, Management, Land Cover, and Land Ownership. Over the last 20 years, significant changes in land cover were observed in the municipality of San Antonio del Tequendama and in the parks. The socio-ecological relationship between People and Nature Tourism is related to the spatial configuration of areas allocated for different uses by stakeholders in socio-ecological units. The two PPAs allow visualizing the dynamics, temporality, and complexity of the interactions of socio-ecosystem components to implement management and governance alternatives.Ítem Lineamiento estratégico para el uso, Manejo y conservación del bosque en la zona de reserva campesina de la localidad 20 en la región del Sumapaz al 2040(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Ramírez Poveda, Hanner Yesid; Cardona Londoño, Claudia Maria; Cardona Londoño Claudia Maria [0000-0001-5430-1392]The Sumapaz Peasant Reserve Zone is based on the general framework of Law 160 of 1994, which seeks to strengthen the peasant economy, protecting biodiversity, and maintaining peasant culture through participatory management. One of the ecosystems present in the ZRC is the Andean forest, which is directly related to the activities carried out by the communities of Sumapaz. To this end, the objective of this work is to formulate strategic guidelines for the management, use, and exploitation of the forest in the Peasant Reserve Zone of Locality 20 in the Sumapaz region by 2040 by describing the Environmental Management Area of the region and subregion in the Sumapaz River basin and the Peasant Reserve Zone (ZRC) (Locality 20). The environmental determinants (biotic, abiotic, and socioeconomic) in the subregion of the Sumapaz Peasant Reserve Zone (ZRC) were subsequently analyzed. To conclude, the projection of harmonization scenarios for joint projects in the Peasant Reserve Zone (PRZ) subregion is presented. All of the above is based on techniques based on GIS, the MIC MAC (Micro-Mac), SWOT Analysis (SWOT), and community participation. Among the main findings are changes in natural cover, an increase in population, and the impact of factors external to the territory, such as institutional disorganization that renders invisible community processes and proposals for territorial management for the protection of the forests of the Peasant Reserve Zone.Ítem Evaluación de factores que inciden en la adopción de plataformas de comercio electrónico por parte de empresas madereras en Colombia(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Bernal Novoa, Steven Alberto; Villarraga Flórez, Liz Farleidy; Rodríguez Piñeros, SandraElectronic commerce (EC) comprises the set of tools that companies implement to offer their products and services through virtual channels, allowing them to develop more competitive strategies in the market. Several studies have shown that there are factors within the technological, organizational, and environmental context (TOE model) that influence the business decision to adopt or not adopt EC. Although studies on the use of EC in the forestry sector are scarce, existing ones show that its adoption improves business productivity by facilitating access to new markets and fostering innovation. In Colombia, the wood market presents a negative trade balance and a low level of technological development, despite its high potential. This study evaluated the factors that influence the adoption of EC by wood-based companies in Colombia. To this end, a multi-phase scale-based analysis of complex phenomena was applied, consisting of three stages: factor identification, scale development, and evaluation. The identification of factors was carried out through a bibliometric analysis, while the scale was developed by applying 44 surveys to companies registered on the Elija Madera Legal platform, belonging to the five main wood-supplying departments in the country. Based on the survey results, an Electronic Commerce Adoption Index (ECAI) was constructed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a logistic regression model. The study enabled the design of a construct based on the prioritization of 11 factors, among which Relative Advantage, Effort Expectancy, Technological Integration, Regulatory Environment, and Security Mechanisms proved to be the most influential in EC adoption. It was also observed that micro and small enterprises show a greater willingness to adopt EC compared to medium and large companies. These findings are relevant for decision-making in both business and public policy formulation in the forestry sector.Ítem Evaluación de la variación en la composición y diversidad funcional del bosque seco en Colombia a lo largo de un gradiente de dureza ambientalSalinas Vargas, Laura Viviana; González Martínez, Roy OswaldoDrought, soil nutrient limitations, and land-cover transformation are key environmental harshness factors shaping the diversity and ecological processes of tropical ecosystems. However, their influence on the composition and functional diversity of tropical dry forests (TDF) remains poorly understood. This study assesses how increasing environmental harshness affects the community-weighted mean trait (CWM) – representing functional composition – and functional richness (FRich) – representing functional diversity – in Colombian TDF. We analyzed data from 98 permanent plots (0.1 ha each) distributed across a wide range of climatic, soil, and land-cover transformation conditions, including functional leaf and wood traits from 338 tree species (22,568 trees). Our findings reveal that: (1) environmental harshness in Colombian TDF is defined by distinct combinations of climatic, soil, and land-cover transformation factors, with a trade-off between water limitations and soil nutrient constraints; (2) tree communities exhibit a hydraulic safety–efficiency trade-off, with functional diversity (FRich) varying independently across forests; and (3) climate, soil, and land-cover transformation variables collectively filter trait composition (CWM) and FRich, reinforcing the role of environmental harshness in structuring TDF communities. These results underscore the importance of functional trait approaches for elucidating ecological processes and informing conservation strategies in TDF under changing environmental conditions.Ítem Lluvia y banco de semillas en escenarios de restauración ecológica de un bosque seco tropical interandino(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Arias Barbosa, Yenni Veronica; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]In the face of the global tropical dry forests threats, the natural regeneration potential becomes a diagnostic tool to anticipate the need for assisted restoration. We analyzed the influence of exotic grasses on rainfall and seed banks in abandoned grasslands of an inter-Andean tropical dry forest (Huila-Colombia). We installed 42 seed traps and regeneration plots along transects, ranging from the propagule source (forest) to the advancement edge at 5, 25, 50, 75, and 125 meters. A total of 28 685 seeds were collected (60% in the dry season) and 9 204 seedlings germinated (57% in the wet season). Significant differences were found in the floristic composition of seed rain and seed bank, in the dry and wet seasons, as well as a decrease in seed abundance and richness with increasing distance from the propagule source. This demonstrates that the presence of exotic grasses creates conditions that hinder the natural regeneration process, highlighting the high level of human intervention in the area and the need for an assisted restoration process.Ítem Descomposición de madera muerta por termitas xilófagas en bosques de galería de la Orinoquía colombiana(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Rico, Geimmy Alejandra; Pinzón Florián, Olga Patricia; Ramírez, Beatriz H.; Romero Rico, Geimmy Alejandra [0009-0002-3174-9682]; Pinzón Florián, Olga Patricia [0000-0002-5858-4083]Termites are key contributors to wood decomposition and carbon cycling in tropical ecosystems. The decomposition process is influenced by wood properties, global and local climate, and decomposer organisms principally termites and microbes. In this study, we explore the impact of wood density, seasonality, and termite diversity on decomposition rates in the gallery forests of the Orinoquía. This research investigates how these factors influence termite activity and their role in biomass loss. The results indicate that wood density partially explains the mass loss of bait due to termites, with denser wood being more frequently attacked during the wet season. However, no significant differences in decomposition rates between softwood and dense wood were observed. Although wood density is an important trait in decay resistance, the relationship between density and decomposition rate is not always linear, suggesting that other factors, such as wood chemistry and anatomy, also play a significant role. The most abundant termite species, Heterotermes tenuis, was responsible for the highest mass loss, emphasizing its importance in decomposition processes. These findings underscore the complexity of termite-driven decomposition and highlight the need to consider multiple factors, such as wood properties and environmental conditions, when evaluating their role in carbon dynamics. Our study contributes to understanding how termite activity impacts ecosystem functions and stresses the importance of conserving dead wood in maintaining termite diversity and gallery forest health.Ítem Diversidad de hormigas (hymenoptera: formicidae) en bosque subandino de la provincia del Sumapaz (Venecia, Cundinamarca)(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rincón Forero, William Fernando; Martínez Gamba, Ricardo; Martínez Gamba, Ricardo [0000-0002-9594-8165]Colombian sub-Andean forests, although little studied and threatened, are home to essential organisms such as ants, which perform key ecological functions. This study aimed to analyze the composition of ant communities, identifying their ecological functions and variations in assemblages in three different zones (Forest, Edge and Agroecological) during the period 2021-2022. Sampling was carried out in rainy and dry seasons using four capture methods (Pitfall, Winkler, Bait and Manual). The results showed that the Edge zone had the highest species richness (56 species), while the Forest zone had the highest abundance and dominance (31 morphospecies), with high numbers of individuals and capture events. Beta diversity revealed a dissimilarity greater than 47% between the three zones, according to the Jaccard dendrogram, and the multivariate analysis indicated a high degree of overlap between species, especially between the Agroecological and Forest zones (36 shared species). Seven functional guilds were identified, with significant differences between the Forest zone and the other two zones. The most relevant indicator species were Wasmannia auropunctata for the Agroecological zone, Cyphomyrmex rimosus for the Edge zone and Solenopsis sp4 for the Forest zone. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that approximately 25 species are significantly related to the five environmental variables evaluated.Ítem Efecto de la frecuencia del fuego en la diversidad funcional asociada a la inflamabilidad de un bosque seco tropical de la Cuenca Alta del Río MagdalenaTirado León, Alejandra Paola; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni; Parrado Rosselli, Ángela [0000-0002-2480-4009]; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni [0000-0003-3846-4735]Changes in the fire regimes of ecosystems have generated alterations in plant communities, making them more or less susceptible or tolerant to such disturbance. It has been proven that recurrent fires in altered regimes favor the appearance of functional traits associated with flammability. In the case of Colombian tropical dry forests, there are traits associated with flammability, however, it is not known how these traits change with alterations in the recurrence of fires. The objective of this research was to study the effect of fire frequency on the functional diversity associated with the flammability of TDF in the Upper Magdalena River Basin. To this end, the variability in fire frequency in TDF relics in the study area was characterized using Geographic Information Systems. Subsequently, the functional traits associated with flammability were compared between the different fire frequencies, and finally, the changes in the metrics of functional diversity and functional types of plants associated with flammability at the different sites were evaluated. It was found that all evaluated species present some degree of flammability, and that a higher fire frequency generated significant changes in the functional diversity associated with flammability. Thus, two functional types of plants were found, one associated with medium flammability and another with high flammability. Additionally, it was detected that the most flammable species presented a strong association with the dry matter content in branches and leaves, and the basic density of the wood. All the functional traits evaluated presented significance in response to changes in fire frequency. We also detected greater functional uniformity under a higher fire frequency, in contrast to greater functional divergence and dispersion and quadratic entropy in unburned sites. These results suggest that Colombian inter-Andean tropical dry forests could be tolerant to fire, and that a higher fire frequency could be causing these ecosystems to be more flammable. These results should be considered in management and restoration programs of Colombian TDF in favor of their conservation and in the search for less flammable systems in the face of climate change scenarios and alterations in fire regimes.Ítem Identificación de principios y prácticas bioculturales para el diseño de estrategias de restauración ecológica en un bosque húmedo tropical amazónico(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) SantoDomingo, Andrés Felipe; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Parrado Rosselli, Angela; SantoDomingo, Andrés Felipe [0000-0002-3735-8255]; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]; Parrado Rosselli, Angela [0000-0002-2480-4009]One of the main challenges for establishing and developing ecological restoration in the Amazon rainforest is the acknowledgement and inclusion of indigenous knowledge, experience and perspectives in the process. Through ethnographic research that emphasizes ‘dialogue of knowledge’ carried out with the Koreguajᵾ indigenous people and having a standard ecological restauration framework as reference; seven biocultural principles were formulated. The aim of these principles is to serve as a guide for future ecological restoration innitiatives in the region. Furthermore, as an outcome of ‘knowledge dialogue’ this study suggests components of restoration (restoration scenarios, reference ecosystems, key species, and management practices) in line with indigenous livelihoods and cultural practices. We believe the experience and outcomes presented in this study can serve as an example upon which future research can build on, embracing bicultural principles and practices and contributing to breaching gaps in the relationship between the indigenous and non-indigenous worlds in terms of development goals for the Amazon region.Ítem Modelación de la distribución potencial del ratón andino Chilomys instans (Thomas, 1895)Castellanos Flórez, Ronald; Rodríguez Bolaños, Abelardo; Rodríguez Saza, Freddy; Rodríguez Bolaños, Abelardo [0000-0002-2761-1712]; Rodríguez Saza, Freddy [0000-0001-9709-4258]The Andean mouse Chilomys instans (Thomas 1895) is an endemic species of the northern Andes, little is known about its natural history, evolution, and ecology. This specie has been recorded in relatively well-preserved natural areas in high mountains, leading to the belief that it may be a group with high ecological requirements. The main objective of the study is to describe the potential niche distribution areas for this species, as well as to assess the geographical and altitudinal niche differentiation, identify the environmental variables influencing its suitable habitat, and generate some considerations regarding its conservation. The maximum entropy algorithm was applied to develop predictive models of maximum probability of habitat suitability. These models were produced using presence data and incorporating climatic variables and vegetation cover indices from remote sensors, implementing analyses for altitude, geography, and both aspects combined. An analysis of protected natural areas was conducted by overlaying vector layers of the protected areas system of Colombia and Ecuador with the general potential distribution to estimate the amount of territory the system is protecting for the species' suitable habitat. The models achieved AUC values greater than 0.9. For general model, different temperature variables were important in its construction. Elevation and isothermality influenced the development of models considering altitude. For geographical models, different aspects of temperature and leaf area produced particular potential distributions for each region. In Colombia, suitable habitat covers 186 territories in some management category, with Regional Natural Parks having the highest proportion (40%). In Ecuador, suitable habitat covers eleven protected areas, with a large part being National Parks (206,535.05 ha). The maximum probability of suitable habitat for C. instans encompasses high mountain habitats (> 2100 meters above sea level), from the south of Ecuador to occupying the three mountain ranges of Colombia in different proportions. However, models resulting from altitude and geographical differentiation analysis form distinct potential distributions, allowing the inference of a possible niche differentiation for Chilomys instans, in which altitude, topography, and geography converge in a possible isolation of potential populations initially distributed in the general model. National and Regional Natural Parks, as well as Flora and Fauna Sanctuaries, strictly protect the Andean Chilomys, given the conservation vocation for which they are safeguarded. On the other hand, a significant portion of Chilomys' suitable habitat overlaps with areas in management categories that allow sustainable use of biodiversity through anthropic activities such as agriculture, livestock, and mining, thus threatening the suitable habitat for this species to some extent.Ítem Determinantes locales del desempeño y la distribución espacial de estrategias funcionales en plantas de un bosque seco colombiano(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Caleño Ruíz, Blanca Luz; González Martínez, Roy OswaldoEnvironmental conditions are determinants of the assembly and coexistence of species in plant communities because they act as ecological filters that impose restrictions on their establishment and performance. Changes in water availability and variability in soil resources govern ecological spaces that can be occupied by species through the selection of particular traits. Moreover, they influence the functioning of the ecosystem (e.g. biomass dynamics) through the effects of functional traits on the performance of species and their primary productivity. On a regional scale, climate and soil fertility have been shown to generate substantial changes in plant communities, but at a local scale factors such as topography can play an important role in microenvironmental conditions that also influence the functional composition of plant communities and the way in which they generate effects on the ecosystem. In this research temporal and spatial data of plants and soil resources (water and nutrients) were analyzed from three permanent 1-ha plots located in a Colombian tropical dry forest to explore how topography can exert changes in soil conditions and how these changes influence plant functional traits and biomass dynamics at the community and species level. Two main objectives were addressed: (a) to evaluate changes in soil resources (water and nutrient content) in three 1-ha permanent plots with contrasting topographic roughness (flat, wavy and hilly), and their effects on the functional composition of plants and demographic changes of tree biomass at the community level; (b) to evaluate how local spatial variations in soil resources (water content and nutrients) and functional traits influence the spatial variation of the standing biomass of the species, as well as their demographic changes (survival, recruitment, mortality and net changes in biomass). Changes in soil water content and nutrients and functional composition of plant communities were associated with differences in the topographic roughness. Soil water content decreased from flat to hilly sites while soil nutrients increased possibly because the low soil water content of hilly sites decreases leaching and increases the concentration of nutrients. This led to a higher dominance of conservative species with dense tissues in flat sites due to nutrients limitation and in hilly sites due to soil water scarcity. The water content and nutrients of the soil had intermediate values in undulated sites which led to a greater dominance of acquisitive species. Despite these differences, the demographic changes of biomass at the community level did not differ between plots, suggesting that the effects of each species may not be differentiated at the community level. In this way, at local scales the topography generates changes in soil water and nutrients modifying plant functional configuration. The spatial variation of soil resources and functional traits had coordinated effects on standing biomass. The highest standing biomass was concentrated in sites with low soil water content and high soil nutrients where conservative species dominated, possibly because their dense tissues avoid cavitation and stem breakage, increasing biomass accumulation. Most of the remaining biomass was concentrated in sites with high soil water content and low soil nutrients where acquisitive species were associated, possibly because in these sites there are more competitive in supplying their rapid turnover rates. However, survival, mortality and net biomass changes increased in sites with low soil water content and high concentration of soil nutrients where there was a higher standing biomass. Thus, the spatial variation of soil resources and functional traits determine the distribution of standing biomass, but sites with low soil water content, high soil nutrients and conservative species promote greater storage and dynamics of biomass in the dry forest.Ítem Análisis de las relaciones socioeconómicas entre comunidades locales, recursos forestales y otras contribuciones del bosque en un frente de deforestación de la Amazonia (Solano, Caquetá)(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Lorenzana Velosa, Wendy Katherin; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Ortiz Bahamón, Javier; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]During the "restoration decade," the Colombian Amazon faces high deforestation rates, warranting restoration endeavors. These efforts focus on population groups with meaningful economic interactions with forest resources for subsistence. Hence, it becomes imperative to incorporate the communities’ perceptions and livelihoods for restoration interventions that influence local socioeconomic dynamics. This study uses network analysis to prioritize socioeconomic relations inKoreguaje indigenous communities, focusing on forest contributions. The methodology applies IPBES' concept of nature's contributions to people (NCPs). Data collection involved monitoring forest products, workshops, interviews, and analyses to assess socioeconomic networks and prioritize forest contributions. We found patterns of high self-consumption and limited commercialization. Forest and traditional agricultural system ("chagra") contributions center around "food," "energy," and"materials." Products like chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes), uva-caimarona (Pourouma cecropiifolia), andmambe (containing Cecropia sp.) are prioritized for sale, while caimo (Pouteria caimito), cumare(Astrocaryum chambira), and canelo (Mespilodaphne quixos) are self-consumed. The main local NCPs differ from NCPs prioritized in national and Latin American analyses related to forest restoration. Findings suggest integrating socioeconomic aspects in restoration strategies implies including "food,""energy," and "materials," and recognizing the importance of the "chagra." Additionally, commercialization in Koreguaje territories, alternative approaches prioritizing non-monetary objectives and enhancing local networks are crucial.Ítem Valoración sociocultural del Oso Andino (Tremarctos Ornatus) como proveedor de servicios ecosistémicos, en paisajes transformados del municipio de Junín, Cundinamarca, ColombiaGómez Sierra, Lizeth Lorena; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander; 0000-0002-3214-6894The overlap of human activities with the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) distribution area has generated a conflict between local populations and the bear. In order to understand the sociocultural perception of the importance of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) as a provider of ecosystem services, semi-structured surveys were conducted with some residents of Junín to identify ecosystem services, pressures affecting the Andean bear, and perceptions of conflict from different local actors. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were performed with Excel software, network analysis with Gephi.0.9.2 software, and logistic regression with R Studio software. 81% of respondents consider the bear to be important mainly for its existence value, while 19% state that the mammal is not important because it represents a danger to their livestock. The most recognized function is seed dispersal, and the services that the bear is identified as providing are forest regeneration and water regulation. Older people tend to recognize the importance of the bear more. There is a disconnect between institutions and the local community, which hinders conservation processes. Therefore, it is essential to understand their perceptions, needs, desires and opinions about the territory and the conflict with the bear and to encourage their participation in conservation strategies accompanied by tangible benefits.