Determinación del origen botánico y análisis de la interacción planta-abeja en especies de Meliponinos en un sistema agroforestal (La Mesa, Cundinamarca)

Abstract

In order to analyze the relationships established between the native bees Melipona eburnea, Tetragonisca angustula and Scaptotrigona sp (Apidae: Meliponini) with the botanical resources in an agroforestry system of La Mesa (Cundinamarca), the pollen resources were determined through melisopalinological techniques, and the temporal variation and interaction between bees and botanical species was analyzed with palinograms and interaction networks. It was found the bees use 70 pollen types into 34 families. M. eburnea obtained pollen resources from 51 species of plants, T. angustula of 55 and Scaptotrigona sp of 42. Most of pollen stored by the bees came from arboreal and shrub plants. 90% of the plants visited are native in Neotropics. The use of polliferous resources throughout the year is not carried out homogeneously. There was no correlation between the situation with the richness of the pollen types, nor with the diversity indexes of Shannon-Weaver and Pielou. The interaction network shows a generalist behavior on the part of the three meliponines species.