Examinando por Materia "Compostaje"
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Ítem Acompañamiento al proyecto ambiental escolar “guardianes de la naturaleza “Pulido Barbosa, Cindy Gillary; Huertas Moya, Óscar ReynedThe present report shows the results obtained in the implementation of the environmental project "Guardians of Nature", which aimed to sensitize students about the care of the environment from the construction of a school garden appropriate for space The institution's physical and composting as a source of natural fertilizer for the support of this based on the approaches given by urban agriculture, was made use of recyclable materials such as plastic bottles for the planting of plants such as celery, auyama, parsley Smooth, beetroot, among others. In turn, training the entire educational community through workshops that used instruments (videos, friezes, brochures and exhibitions) for the conceptualization of environmental issues such as the ozone layer, global warming and Care of natural resources. This generated changes in cognitive and procedural skills of the students since they generated critical reflections and from there they raised solutions to problems that they found in their immediate environment that concluded in the construction and successful maintenance of a school gardenÍtem Análisis de alternativas para el aprovechamiento del material vegetal generado por el corte de césped en la limpieza de la Cuenca Fucha (Bogotá D.C.)Quiroga Santos, Vanessa; González Ramírez, Luisa FernandaThe Fucha River watershed is part of the water system of the Bogotá city. As it passes through the capital district, the bodies of water present in this watersheds are receptors for rainwater, domestic and industrial waters and large amounts of pollution, therefore, the district through inter-administrative agreements, carries out cleaning and maintenance activities of watersheds and streams in the city of Bogotá, in addition to the complementary activities of ringing of fallen trees, the removal of plant material, through cutting grass, weeding and clearing of berms, slabs and slopes. Given that the plant material resulting from the complementary activities of cutting grass, is a waste that can be harvested, this research work resulted in the analysis of the different alternatives for the use of the plant material generated by cutting grass on cleaning of the Fucha watersheds, through matrices designed to identify strengths and weaknesses of the options that are exposed there.Ítem Análisis de la caracterización de residuos sólidos ordinarios en las plazas distritales de mercado en la ciudad de Bogotá D.CBustamante Oliveros, Dayana Michel; Leidy Gisella, Vargas Cárdenas; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloThis document work presents the different activities developed and the results achieved during the internship with the agreement UAESP-501-2021 between the Distrital Francisco José de Caldas university and the Special Administrative Unit for Public Services (by its acronym in Spanish UAESP), with the purpose of carrying out characterization processes of ordinary solid waste in different district market places in the city of Bogotá, taking into account the method of solid waste quarticulation. An analysis of the ordinary solid wastes generated in four District Market Places (7 de Agosto, Las Ferias, San Benito and Trinidad Galán) is carried out, looking for an alternative use for raw organic waste and garden, pruning and lawn mowing. Comparing three solid waste utilization technologies (composting, vermiculture and biodigesters). The sizing of the utilization technology in each District Market Square is carried out, taking into account the Technical Regulation of the Potable Water and Basic Sanitation Sector - RAS: TITLE F. Urban Waste Management Systems of 2012Ítem Apoyo en el desarrollo de la primera etapa del proyecto de investigación, aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos en ladrillos verdes no estructurales a utilizarse en manejo paisajístico y recuperación de zonas verdes de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios.Osorio Gaviria, Angelica; Alfonso Moreno, Freddy LeonardThe project to take advantage of organic waste in non-structural green bricks to be used in landscape management and recovery of green areas arises from the need to start looking for an early solution to the excessive generation of organic waste in Colombia because of the waste generated in The country at least 65% are organic (UAESP 2010.Hernández R. 2010) and these waste do not have the appropriate management for their treatment and final disposal putting the environment and public health in irrigation. For the proper development of the project and the achievement of the expected results it is necessary to determine by means of several tests carried out the mixture of biomass that is encapsulated and forms the internal part of the green brick structure and that allows the development of vegetal species, as well The brick must be made with a design and materials that become a support and container resistant and hermetic of the biomass and that needs a minimum manipulation of these bricks and that the vegetation is easily developed in these, so that Can use in the construction of green walls, in the recovery of green areas, gardens and for urban agriculture.Ítem Apoyo en el diseño de un proyecto de acuerdo enfocado en el aprovechamiento de los residuos orgánicos de los jardines infantiles de Bogotá D.C.Torres López, Laura Catherine; Zuñiga Vargas, Pier PaoloThe generation of waste is a significant issue in Bogotá, where 55.22% of the waste is organic and not utilized, negatively impacting various levels. The national solid waste policy of 2016 identified problems in waste management, such as insufficient source separation and non-selective collection and transportation. For this reason, it is important to address the issue of unused organic waste. One way to do this is by implementing actions and projects from the Public Administration in the childcare centers of the District Social Integration Secretariat (SDIS), as they lack instruments for managing the organic waste generated from their food preparation and delivery activities, contributing to waste generation and the issue of the Doña Juana Sanitary Landfill (RSDJ). By reducing the generated and unused organic waste, it is possible to decrease the negative impact on the environment and improve waste management in Bogotá. International experiences have shown that solid waste management planning and the use of tools such as waste characterization can be highly beneficial. They have also found that composting is a viable method for utilizing organic waste and that education plays a crucial role in promoting recycling and waste reduction. In this regard, the purpose of this internship is to design an Agreement Project that defines, through a district norm, the general guidelines that should be adopted by SDIS childcare centers in Bogotá, in order to improve the management of organic waste generated by these centers, from the formulation of waste management strategies. To this end, the proposed methodology involves characterizing and estimating the volume of waste generated by the childcare centers using secondary sources. Then, based on the characterization, propose strategies that involve the use of composting as an appropriate technology and present a possible collection system that integrates with community urban gardens; finally, the reduction of impacts on the RSDJ is analyzed. This internship is developed in the framework of support for the formulation of an Agreement Project with the working team of Councilman Oscar Jaime Ramírez Vahos, who will be responsible for evaluating the feasibility of the proposal and bringing it to debate in the Bogotá City Council.Ítem Apoyo en el diseño del sistema de saneamiento básico para el proyecto “Escuela rural sustentable” en la finca Reserva de La Mariposa Amarilla, ubicada en el municipio de Simijaca, Cundinamarca.Sánchez Sierra, Briyith Daniela; Achury González, Karen Dayan; Pulgarín Montoya, Diego Alejandro; Pulgarín Montoya, Diego Alejandro [0000-0003-2419-0278]The problem of lack of basic sanitation systems is not something alien to what can be seen daily in Colombia as a country region, and is one of the pillars of more emphasis on which should work from the sanitary engineering. In the municipality of Simijaca, in fact, there is a municipal aqueduct and sewage system, and there is also a collection system as is usual in any city in Colombia, however, it lacks full coverage and there is an absence or intermittency in some of the municipality's villages. Thus, the project is proposed for the sustainable rural school that will be located in the property Reserva de la Mariposa Amarilla, located in the Don Lope village with the objective of designing a basic sanitation system in the municipality of Simijaca, where three methodological phases are proposed, consisting in the first option, In the second stage, a study of the collected information is carried out, making an analysis based on data obtained from sources such as DANE, SiB Colombia, IDEAM, and CAR. Finally, the basic sanitation system is designed with components such as: water supply suitable for consumption with a rainwater harvesting alternative and a fog catcher system, domestic wastewater treatment with two possible alternatives to be selected depending on geographic and economic conditions, and finally, a solid waste management, treatment and utilization system is proposed with alternatives such as composting and separation of usable waste at the source.Ítem Aprovechamiento de materia fecal de caninos como abono orgánico para la rehabilitación de suelosSánchez Sierra, Briyith Daniela; Becerra Ávila, Yuri Bibiana; Corradine Mora, Diego TomásThe present research consisted of determining an alternative of favorable use of canine faecal matter, in order to obtain organic fertilizer for use in the rehabilitation of the country's deteriorated soils. It was developed in three phases, initially a survey was applied and analyzed that facilitated an approach to the current situation about the responsible tenure of canines, management and use of organic waste, knowledge of various concepts, among other aspects of interest. Subsequently, a review, selection and collection of research, draft degrees, articles, news, among others, was carried out regarding the proposals that have been generated for the collection, treatment and final disposal of this waste. After linking this literary compilation to the results of the survey, the compostable bags of maize, the poop pack, the scissor and picker padel racket, fruit and/or vegetable peels and natural wraps were finally selected as favorable alternatives for the collection of canine faeces due to their ease of use, shelf life, low acquisition costs and the environmental benefits they grant; and composting was determined as the most conducive technique for treating canine excreta, since it is an environmentally friendly and sustainable, economical, effective option that can be made in various spaces and provides a fertilizer with the micro and macro nutrients needed to restore the stability of the land. In addition, the creation of a website, interactive videos and social networks was considered as ways of dissemination of research and everything related to the subject, so that, it can be implemented, generating a social and environmental awareness to reduce the environmental impact and health risks.Ítem Biotransformación de Residuos Orgánicos en la Secretaría Distrital de SaludFlórez Vargas, Maicol Estiven; López Colorado, Viviana; Valencia Monedero, Carlos HernánAccording to the draft agreement 113 of 2011 issued by the council bogota, the 55% of solid waste is organic material in colombia. the exponential population growth and inadequate disposal, cause negative environmental impacts and public health problems, so it is imperative to seek treatment alternatives, such as composting. therefore, this project seeks to address a work plan for the use of 13000 kilos of organic solid waste generated each year in the restaurant of the “Secretaría Distrital de Salud (SDS)” in the city Bogotá.Ítem Diseño de estrategias para el aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos generados por los restaurantes en la Zona del Park Way (Carrera 24 entre Calles 36-45), BogotáSierra Díaz, Natalia Esperanza; Patiño Leiva, Viviana Paola; Rodríguez López, Jhonathan Andrés; García Valbuena, César AugustoThis document exposes the design of strategies for the use of organic waste generated by the Park Way restaurants in Carrera 24 between Calles 36-45 from the identification of an external and internal context at the local level divided into three central themes, the first related to the management that restaurants give to their organic waste, the second related to the identification of relevant local factors in the study area and finally the articulation of success stories related to the use of organic waste. One of the bases for the development of the strategies proposed in this document is the combination of the processes carried out by the district institutions, the local community processes, the urban imaginary that the inhabitants of the sector have, the historical process of change, the technical capacity and motivation of the restaurants, the guiding axes of the order such as the Territorial Ordering Plan (POT) and the Local Development Plan (PDL.). The foregoing was developed in order to address the problem of the organic waste generated that will end up in the landfill and that has a great potential for use and therefore contributes to the solution of reducing the volume in it. The strategies were designed from the construction of a SWOT matrix, the evaluation of the external and internal contexts through the MEFE and MEFI matrices, to finally carry out a crossed SWOT matrix that resulted in the design of the strategies.Ítem Diseño de un Centro de Reciclaje y de Compostaje para el Municipio de El Banco - Magdalena.Dussan Cardenas, Nelsy María; Arias, Camilo; Mojica Hernandez, Martha LucíaThe following research is aimed at designing a recycling and composting center, the amount, the type of machinery and labourer required for its operation were determined, and to involve the participation of the community with the separation of solid waste at the source, which is of great importance, an awareness campaign for the urban area of interest it was designed. To design the recycling and composting center to El Banco-Magdalena was necessary to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively own solid waste generated by the urban zone, thus fulfilling one of the proposed goals, because of, this urban zone is the only area of coverage of the company utility to El Banco-Magdalena. Due to population size of the municipality and the number of potentially usable materials and organic nature of matter generated in urban areas , this design includes dimensions of areas, employees, materials and / or equipment necessary for the creation and operation of the recycling and composting center, manual type and manual machining type , respectively.Ítem Diseño de un lombricultivo para el aprovechamiento de los residuos orgánicos de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Facultad TecnológicaAlvarado Lopez, Andres; Diaz Garcia, Erika Johana; Pedraza Poveda, GustavoSolid waste management is a global problem for big cities, because there are different factors that hinder the implementation of good waste management systems, among which are: growth Demographics, population concentration in urban areas, changes in consumption patterns, technological advances, saturation of landfills and lack of space for the creation of new fillings, among others; These factors have increased the generation of solid waste in rural and urban areas worldwide, so it is vitally important to implement alternatives of use in order to provide the best final disposition of them. A percentage of these wastes are of organic origin, which because of their chemical and biological properties are of high use. Although they can come to generate negative effects if they do not provide a good final disposition of these, in addition to incur important economic costs. However, there are alternatives such as composting and vermiculture that are applicable solutions for its management and use, it is also a practice friendly with nature and can even generate sources of economic income. Currently, the technological faculty of the Francisco José de Caldas District University has a food support program, which benefits approximately 400 students from different curricular projects. This program generates large quantities of organic waste daily, which are stored for collection by the company providing the food support service. On the other hand, food waste is also generated by the people who have lunch prepared from their home and are in lunch hours from 12:00 to 2:00 pm approximately in the faculty. However, these wastes could be exploited in a large percentage, generating environmental, social and economic benefits to the university community, as well as to the locality of Ciudad Bolívar. To this end, this paper presents the design of a lombricultivo for the use of organic waste generated by the food support program, as well as the waste from students, administrators and teachers of the faculty Technology of the District University Francisco José de Caldas that carry their lunches from home, in order to give the best final disposition of them.Ítem Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de residuos de poda para las escuelas Esace y Esave del Ejército NacionalPalomino Hoyos, Luisa Mariana; Garcia Buitrago, Mary Valentina; Gutiérrez Malaxechebarría, Álvaro MartínThe purpose of this text is to help mitigate the effects caused by the mismanagement of garden waste, through the orientation and control of the activities that have been carried out by the uniformed personnel belonging to two schools of the Colombian National Army. Of Combined Arms and the Aviation School, for which the identification of three organic waste treatments that could be implemented in the schools was carried out to solve the inefficient disposal of the same, finding the composting, the anaerobic biodigestion and the vermicomposting as solution alternatives; for the selection an evaluation matrix was used in which several factors were taken into account for the selection of the most appropriate one. According to the amount of waste generated in schools, it was decided to use the vermicomposting method given its ease of handling, the speed with which it treats waste and the versatility of its design in terms of dimensions and materials.Ítem Diseño preliminar de la unidad de acondicionamiento de biomasa residual con propósitos de compostaje (RBCUC-1)Obando Rodriguez, Oscar Javier; Mejía De Alba, Martha IsabelThis is a research project that developed a prototype of residual biomass conditioning of agricultural and domestic origin, accelerating the composting processes and making these types of processes more efficient, providing environmental, social and economic benefits.Ítem Dispositivos tecnológicos para el tratamiento de residuos biodegradables a nivel domiciliarioChaves Tenorio, Jhon Edwar; Moscoso Reina, Auudon; Acosta Peñaloza, Gloria StellaThe domestic activities generate solid biodegradable residues (RSB) that can be taken advantage and revalued in the residential units, by means of the use of technological devices that are a great alternative to diminish the impact partner - environmental associated with his disposition. In relation to the previous thing, this project tries to offer a tool of consultation with regard to prototypes used in some countries to carry out the treatment "in situ" of residues, which bases and acquisition of knowledge allows to stimulate to the creation for the transference of this type of technologies necessary for the sustainable development in the cities. For such a fact a bibliographical review was realized across the reading and analysis of articles, patents and works of degree, where it was achieved to identify 30 devices and to realize the description of the components, generalities and the characteristics of functioning in some of these. Additional an analysis is realized with regard to the advantages and disadvantages of some materials of which these equipments are made, of the location of the devices of the residential unit, and of the control of the fundamental variables that affect the process treatment. Finally and result of the analysis of the different devices, the conceptualization of the process of aerobic biodegradation and to the identification of opportunities of improvement in some prototypes, was achieved realized an offer of design of a reactor of manual functioning with capacity of 28.8 kg /month, with dimensions of 0.5 m diameter and 1 m of height to treat the solid biodegradable residues in house, bearing in mind climatic, renting and economic conditions for the majority of the homes of Colombia. In relation to the design of the proposed device, with help of the software AutoCAD 2015, the model carries out 3D of the prototype where there are contemplated different units of treatment that allow the villains' absence during the processing, the reduction and improvement of the quality of by-products and the biological acceptable stabilization of the RSB to be able to be taken advantage in the amendment of soils.Ítem Elaboración de estrategias agroecológicas bajo el marco lógico CEPAL, para el apoyo del proyecto de jardines agroecológicos urbanos de la Fundación PulsoSotomonte Giraldo, Ingrid GinnedThe urbanization of the city of Bogotá has left no space for the practice of agroecological activities and floriculture. Although agroecological projects have gained strength in the city, they have not been implemented due to ignorance of the food, environmental and economic benefits that can be obtained by implementing urban agroecology; as well as the lack of training in agroecological techniques that can be applied mainly to reduce the use of water in crops and the use of organic residues in natural products and processes that mainly reduce water pollution, thus reducing the possibilities to implement sustainable and efficient systems, limiting obtaining other sources of income for low-income families. Therefore, this internship has as its main objective the structuring of proposals based on the ECLAC logical framework, about agroecological strategies that support the project of urban agroecological gardens of the Pulso Foundation, which contributes to a more efficient use of water resources, to the use of organic waste and the improvement of the means of subsistence of the population. This Urban Gardens project of the Pulso Foundation uses a participatory territorial approach, since it is applied to a socially constructed territory. This work with communities begins from the diagnosis of the situation in the territory related to the project to be developed. Where it is desired to generate agroecological strategies related to the efficient use of resources such as the use of water through efficient irrigation systems, in addition to the use of organic waste in the performance of composting processes, among others. This has a methodology based on the ECLAC logical framework, where support for the pulse foundation will be carried out through the development of activities and workshops on agroecological techniques. Where it is expected that there are efficient and agroecological strategies, which can be taught and implemented within the community, which allows an effective use of water resources and a reuse of organic waste generated by the community itself through workshops to the development of composting processes among others, encouraging the population to have new sources of income and an improvement in their quality of life, having a sustainable development in this type of activities and an optimization between the interactions of human beings and the environment environment.Ítem Estudio del método para el tratamiento de residuos de cáscara de plátano por carbonización hidrotermal y su posterior identificación de productosBarajas Medina, Osiris; Delgado Fajardo, Berta Inés; Mendieta Reyes, Néstor EduardoAs Colombia's agro-industrial economy grows, so does the amount of agricultural and forestry waste. Simultaneously, urban and population development increases the demand for products that generate food waste. This scenario has driven the implementation of new mechanisms and technologies for the final disposal of organic waste generated in the country. Waste management is one of Colombia's major environmental challenges. By not utilizing agricultural residues as raw materials for other processes, cross-contamination occurs in landfills, contributing to their collapse. However, scientific research has identified an opportunity in these wastes to apply thermal, chemical, mechanical, or microbiological processes that transform them into valuable products such as biofuels, briquettes, compost, and platform chemicals, among others. In this context, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) emerges as a biorefinery process capable of converting residual biomass from crops into various high-value products through thermochemical transformations. The process utilizes the moisture in the samples, subjecting them to reactors at temperatures between 160 °C and 200 °C and autogenous pressures of up to 5 MPa. Under these conditions, water alters the properties of the raw material, transforming it into a compound called hydrochar, which has hydrophobic properties and is easily separated from the liquid products by filtration, thus facilitating its drying and resulting in a carbon-rich product with high calorific value. This study focuses on the application of HTC as a biorefinery method for treating biomass residues from banana cultivation, a raw material that is abundant and has optimal characteristics for this process due to its high moisture content. An experimental methodology was designed to evaluate the production of solid and liquid by-products, analyzing the effects of time and temperature on carbonization. The process is carried out in three stages: i) pretreatment of the sample, including drying and grinding to increase surface area and facilitate carbonization; ii) application of the experimental design, varying temperature and reaction time in the HTC process to obtain and separate solid and liquid by-products; and iii) drying of the filtered hydrochar, and analysis and quantification of the liquid products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the presence of soluble compounds such as sugars, furans, and organic acids, resulting from the thermal treatments.Ítem Evaluación de la aplicación de compostaje en la producción de repollo Brassica oleraceaMoreno Bermúdez, José Alejandro; Echeverry Prieto, Lena Carolina; 0000-0002-6940-4383; Echeverry Prieto, Lena Carolina [0000-0002-6940-4383]Historically, agriculture has been a key driver of economic growth and rural development in Colombia, accounting for 5 to 6% of the country's GDP. Nevertheless, the sector faces numerous challenges, including increasing inorganic fertilizer costs, poor soil productivity, water scarcity, and climate-related issues. In line with FAO's objectives and sustainable development goals, finding alternatives to enhance food production and soil conditions is crucial. To address these challenges, AGROSAVIA and KoLFACI initiated a project in 2020 titled "Enhancing Soil Fertility through Bovine Manure Compost Application in Colombia's High Tropics." The project's primary objective is to convert waste from livestock and agricultural activities into valuable organic fertilizers through composting, benefiting biomass production, soil enhancement, decreased inorganic fertilizer usage, and reduced adverse effects of livestock farming. This report discusses the findings of an experiment that assessed the impact of bovine manure compost on lettuce and cabbage growth using varying compost ratios (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0%). The analysis encompassed composting phase interpretation, soil quality index mapping, statistical analysis, and examining the influence of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). The results demonstrated that a 25% compost ratio yielded optimal outcomes regarding physiological parameters, indicating that this approach can contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices and improved soil health in Colombia.Ítem Formulación de modelo de manejo de residuos vegetales resultantes del mantenimiento de arbolado urbano y zonas verdes, para la productividad de la empresa Tecniservicios Beltrán S.A.S. Finca Xue sector de Guaymaral.Vanegas Sánchez, Yilver Leonardo; Zapata Echavarría, Jessica; Copete Perdomo, AlejandroTecniservicios Beltrán S.A.S has an installed capacity of 720m3 for the production of compost, distributed in 20 beds from logging, pruning and gardening waste. The standardization of the production process is imperative for the company to maintain a constant cash flow, as well as the optimization of spaces and supplies. Through this document, an evaluation of the quality of compost produced by the company Tecniservicios Beltrán S.A.S is carried out, which from the inoculation of the plant material with Nutrabac generates a compost that presents a yield similar to commercially distributed organic fertilizers. Subsequently, alternative combinations for the production of compost are presented, facilitating the use of dammed plant material and generating technical proposals for the standardization of the production process and infrastructure improvements that allow the process to be technified.Ítem Guía para el manejo integral de residuos sólidos generados en la zona rural de la localidad de SumapazMéndez Herrera, Lizeth Daniela; Sierra Moreno, Daniel Fernando; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucía; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucía [0000-0001-8329-9033]In rural areas of the country, the integral management and final disposal of solid waste is a problem that is constantly growing due to the accelerated generation of solid waste and the lack of plans and activities that seek to minimize its generation and proper management. The difficult access to these regions of the country and the inadequate management by the companies providing the service, has generated that the inhabitants choose to burn or bury the solid waste superficially, generating in this way the affectation of the natural resources, such as the contamination of the soil, the water resources, the loss of the biological diversity and affectation in the health of the populations. According to the above, this work aims to solve the problem of inadequate disposal of solid waste generated in the town of Sumapaz, which is mainly due to the low coverage of the waste collection service and implementation of educational plans and programs with which the community can properly dispose of their waste. Based on a bibliographic and field review of the current situation regarding solid waste management in the town of Sumapaz, a pedagogical guide is generated in order to establish strategies and implement plans and activities to strengthen the integrated management of solid waste and its disposal in the rural area of the town.Ítem Implementación de actuadores y sensores inalámbricos en contenedor casero para el control y monitoreo del proceso de compostajeOsorio Quiroga, Diana Edelmira; Gárzon Duque, Wilson David; ARDILA, ISMAELSeveral environmental problems derive from the non-reuse of waste of any kind, which represents one of the most important pollution factors worldwide. In Colombia, most of the waste generated by households is of the organic type; however, the importance in terms of reuse and recycling has been given to plastic or other types of waste. It is important to know that there are different methods or alternatives for the reuse and separation of organic waste generated from different sources. Composting is presented as another alternative that consists of the separation of organic waste and through different natural processes to produce compost for plants, it is an easy process to carry out that is presented as a means to significantly reduce the waste generated per household. With the objective of developing a technological tool that employs the use of composting and telematics, the present project is proposed, which consists of the implementation of a container that allows obtaining data through different sensors during the composting process and that in turn allows performing actions through actuator devices that facilitate this procedure.