Especialización en Higiene, Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/2037
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Ítem Programa para la reducción de accidentalidad para la empresa servicios postales nacionales 4-72 en el 2025 por riesgo biomecanico(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Guevara Sierra, Laura Marcela; Triana Casallas, Jenny Alexandra; Triana Casallas, Jenny Alexandra [0000-0003-2943-6361]; García Barreto, Germán Alberto (Catalogador)In 2023 and 2024, National Postal Services 4-72 experienced a concerning increase in musculoskeletal injuries among its employees, particularly in operational areas such as package loading and unloading. These injuries, including sprains, dislocations, and fractures, resulted from biomechanical risks stemming from poor posture and improper handling techniques. In addition to the impact on employee health, these conditions generate significant costs for the company due to absenteeism and work-related disabilities. In response to this situation, the implementation of a comprehensive biomechanical risk prevention and management program is proposed. This program aims to identify, assess, and reduce accidents related to biomechanical risks associated with handling loads and improper postures through ongoing staff training, workplace improvements, and the promotion of healthy habits. Implementing this program will not only improve employee health and reduce workplace accidents, but will also help lower injury-related costs and increase company productivity. This comprehensive approach will allow National Postal Services 4-72 to strengthen its commitment to the safety and well-being of its employees, aligning with best practices in occupational health and safety management.Ítem Análisis de equivalencias en el consumo y generación de gases de efecto invernadero: Un enfoque integrado para la mitigación del cambio climático, en la Unidad Nacional de Protección.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Santisteban Muriel, Emerson Enrique; Parra Jiménez, JairoClimate Change is a global challenge driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from human activities. The National Protection Unit (UNP), responsible for safeguarding individuals at risk, generates significant emissions due to its energy consumption in sectors such as transportation and infrastructure. Despite its social mission, it is crucial for the UNP to adopt sustainable practices to reduce its carbon footprint and align with national and international climate commitments. This analysis seeks to identify mitigation opportunities, providing tools and guidelines for a sustainable transition, with the goal of turning the UNP into a replicable model for other public institutions. Climate change is a key challenge of the 21st century, driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) caused by population growth and energy consumption. The lack of standardized tools makes it difficult to measure and compare emissions, limiting the development of effective policies. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework to assess the relationship between consumption and GHG generation, identifying critical areas for intervention. In Colombia, IDEAM leads the National Inventory of GHG Emissions and Removals, while Law 1931 of 2018 establishes guidelines for climate change mitigation. In Bogotá, transportation is the largest source of emissions (48%), followed by energy consumption (33%) and waste (19%). The city aims to reduce its emissions by 15% by 2024 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. This thesis analyzes the environmental impact of the activities carried out by the National Protection Unit (UNP) at its Bogotá headquarters, focusing on the generation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) derived from the consumption of resources such as water, electricity, paper, vehicle fuels, and waste management. Despite having a predominantly social mission, the UNP generates a considerable ecological footprint, particularly due to the intensive use of armored vehicles and high energy consumption in its facilities. The study proposes a quantitative methodology, based on internationally recognized emission factors, that makes it possible to calculate the equivalencies between institutional consumption and GHG emissions expressed in CO₂ equivalent. Data collection focused on the year 2024 and covered multiple operational aspects of the entity. High levels of resource consumption, significant generation of both recyclable and hazardous waste, and a low paper recycling rate were observed, highlighting an important area for improvement. The results revealed that the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions at the UNP Bogotá headquarters come from the use of its vehicle fleet, electricity consumption, potable water, paper use, and waste generation. The fleet consists of more than 110 vehicles, including cars, vans, SUVs, and motorcycles, used daily for protection operations. Many of these are armored, which increases fuel consumption. With estimated annual mileage between 10,000 and 18,000 km per vehicle, fuel consumption was found to be substantial, making transportation one of the largest CO₂ equivalent emitters. In terms of resources, the UNP reported a water consumption of 12,012 m³ and energy consumption of 20,000 kWh during 2024. Paper use reached 4,766 reams, while waste generation exceeded 20 tons, including recyclable waste and more than 2 tons of hazardous waste. However, recycling of paper and other materials remains limited compared to the total volume generated. When processed using standardized emission factors, these data allowed for an accurate calculation of the institution’s environmental impact and underscored the urgency of implementing sustainable measures to reduce its carbon footprint.Ítem Propuesta de mejora en la gestión del riesgo para el cargo de analista de evaluación del grupo cuerpo técnico de analisis de riesgo de la unidad nacional de protección(Universidad Distrital Francisco José De Caldas) Gomez Gomez, Diana Marcela; Gomez Jimenez, Angela FernandaThe present proposal aims primarily to strengthen risk management in the performance of the position of Evaluation Analyst of the Technical Body of Risk Analysis Group (CTAR) of the National Protection Unit (UNP). Through a detailed diagnosis of current processes, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities affecting the effectiveness and safety in case analysis are identified. Strategies are proposed to optimize the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of operational, institutional, and personal risks, considering the highly sensitive and responsible context of this role. The proposal includes the verification of technical tools, specific training, and updated protocols, through a diagnosis, the development of a risk matrix, and a proposed action plan, in order to improve decision-making, reduce exposure to threats, and ensure a more efficient and safe management of the protection of leaders.Ítem Evaluación ergonómica para la detección y análisis de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores bajo la modalidad de teletrabajo mediante la aplicación del cuestionario nórdico y el método rosa.Guerrero Betancourt, Laura; Saavedra Angulo, HebertoThe purpose of this research project was to identify ergonomic risk factors and the perception of musculoskeletal symptoms in workers who perform administrative functions while teleworking. To this end, two validated instruments were applied: the Nordic Standardized Musculoskeletal Symptom Perception Questionnaire and the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method. The purpose of this research project was to identify ergonomic risk factors and the perception of musculoskeletal symptoms in workers who perform administrative functions while teleworking. To this end, two validated instruments were applied: the Nordic Standardized Musculoskeletal Symptom Perception Questionnaire and the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method. The research was conducted using a quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional approach, which analyzed both workplace conditions and the symptoms reported by eight participants, selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using digital forms and photographic records, which allowed for the identification of the main ergonomic risk factors, as well as the functional impact of symptoms on work performance and activities of daily living.Ítem Propuesta de implementación de programa de seguridad basada en el comportamiento de los trabajadores de la Subred Norte, sede CAMI - FERIAS(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Quiroga Diaz, Kevin David; Rodriguez Castillo , SandraCurrently, workers' mental health has gained greater importance due to the variability of emotional states caused by both work-related factors (conflicts with supervisors or colleagues, work overload, poor time management) and personal issues (family problems, financial difficulties, stress, anxiety). Neglecting these aspects can lead to negative organizational consequences such as low productivity, poor decision-making, high staff turnover, reduced teamwork, interpersonal conflicts, and an unhealthy work environment. At the administrative headquarters, employees face emotionally demanding situations, primarily due to direct interaction with vulnerable populations. This constant exposure to complex and emotionally intense cases increases their mental load, hindering both their performance and overall well-being. Through informal conversations, the main causes of mental exhaustion were identified as poor task management, inadequate leadership, a deteriorated work climate due to accumulated stress, and ineffective time planning. Staff participation revealed that 48% of respondents have worked in the institution for over five years, and 87% of the participants were women. The primary concerns identified are related to the emotional burden accumulated during work activities, which also impacts their personal lives.Ítem Diseño de un programa de Seguridad Basado en el Comportamiento (SBC) para el personal de GyG Construcciones SAS, sede Bogotá(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Ordóñez Pineda, Karen Lizeth; Rodríguez Castillo, SandraBehavior-Based Safety (BBS) is a proactive approach aimed at increasing workplace safety by observing employees' individual behaviors, analyzing their consequences, and reinforcing behaviors that promote the desired level of occupational safety. This monograph presents the design of a BBS (Behavior-Based Safety) Program for the company GyG Construcciones SAS, with the goal of fostering healthy habits among workers in order to mitigate occupational risks to which they may be exposed. For its development, both primary and secondary data related to worker behavior were used, including document reviews and the implementation of surveys using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) (Van de Ven & Delbecq A.L, 1971), as well as direct observations. As a result, a BBS Program was created, primarily focused on addressing psychosocial risk factors such as: drowsiness and lack of energy during the workday, limited rest time outside of work, neglect of safety protocols, and the perception of safety as an individual rather than a collective responsibility. The program proposes strategies for monitoring, positive reinforcement, and training aimed at these factors, with the objective of promoting a collaborative and sustainable organizational safety culture.Ítem Diagnóstico eficiencia de los elementos de protección personal en la planta de producción de una entidad financieraParra Vargas, Camilo Andrés; Ochoa Rodríguez, Julio FernandoThe following project seeks to address noise exposure by evaluating the noise generated by new machinery, updating control measures, and promoting a healthy work environment. This would improve both the quality of life of workers and the efficiency of a financial institution's production plant. The process of evaluating the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) against noise exposure in the financial sector's production plant is divided into four stages. First, data collection is carried out, including the review of noise hygiene studies, direct observations at the plant, and worker interviews to understand the relationship between PPE use and noise exposure. In the next stage, the efficiency of PPE is evaluated by verifying its technical characteristics and noise reduction methods. Subsequently, the third stage will compare current equipment with more advanced technological alternatives. Finally, the PPE matrix will be updated to determine the best option that reduces the risk of noise exposure while ensuring adequate protection for workers.Ítem Diseño de manual básico de seguridad y salud en el trabajo del establecimiento de comidas “Chepita.”(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Forero Rojas, Marian del Rosario; Granados Martínez, Oscar Eduardo; Triana Casallas, Jenny AlexandraCurrently, occupational health and safety have taken on great importance in Colombia, largely due to the strengthening of applicable regulations and the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems. However, in rural areas, occupational health and safety are not seen as a priority, and often, there are no resources or willingness to implement them, nor are there measures to manage their risks. This situation is exacerbated in sectors such as the food industry, where exposure to various risk factors is constant and control measures are often deficient, which is reflected in impacts on the physical well-being of their workers and their social environment. This paper presents control and mitigation measures resulting from hazard identification and risk assessments to which workers in a food establishment located in the municipality of San Bernardo, department of Cundinamarca, are exposed. Its purpose is also to create a basic safety manual that establishes measures to prevent workplace accidents and health problems arising from work-related activities.Ítem Diseño de un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica para la prevención de riesgos biomecánicos del personal administrativo hospitalarioZúñiga González, María Alejandra; Fernández Molina, Laura PaolaThe objective of this work is to design an Epidemiological Surveillance Program for hospital administrative staff, in order to prevent biomechanical risks associated with musculoskeletal disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbago, and cervicalgia, which are common among these workers due to prolonged postures, repetitive use of office equipment, and lack of proper ergonomics in their daily work activities. The project approach is qualitative, quantitative, and descriptive, with the purpose of identifying and analyzing musculoskeletal symptoms in administrative staff. The proposal includes preventive strategies to mitigate biomechanical risks and promote awareness of the importance of ergonomic practices and safe mobility techniques. A comprehensive diagnosis of the risk factors in the work environment will be carried out, and the results will be shared with the hospital's Occupational Health and Safety department, in order to establish effective preventive measures and foster a healthy work environment. For this purpose, an analysis of musculoskeletal conditions was conducted on the staff of the commercial subdirectorate, who mainly perform fixed and administrative tasks, which negatively impacts their health. Often, workers do not consider muscle discomfort serious and continue with their tasks, ignoring the impact on their physical well-being and work performance. These conditions are largely preventable, and with early detection and appropriate strategies, it is possible to reduce absenteeism and loss of work capacity.Ítem Protocolo de seguridad ocupacional para el ingreso a subestaciones de energía eléctrica tipo subterráneas de Bogotá D.C(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Doncel Santa, Marisol; Ochoa , JulioThe development of the occupational safety protocol for the entrance to the electric power substations in Bogotá, seeks to evaluate the risks within the underground substations such as work in confined spaces, electrical risk and safe work at heights. Making a parallel between the current and the suggested protocol, an analysis of the working conditions was carried out, the procedures for entry into the substation were standardized; ascent and descent to the confined space. Appropriate evaluation of hazardous atmospheres and evaluation of electrical risk. More optimal mitigation measures are established both in the environment and in the worker. The PPE used and the most appropriate access systems are re-evaluated. An adequate emergency and rescue plan is prepared for this activity; the training and training of workers, supervisors and professionals of SYSO is evaluated. Immediate intervention measures are established for the development of activities within electric power substationsÍtem Identificación de las condiciones ergonómicas del puesto de trabajo personal de caja en la Empresa de recaudo Soluciones en Red S.A.S.(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Calderón Cadena, David Enrique; Cepeda Rojas, Oscar HernandoThe present work of degree, had like purpose identify if the personnel of cash of the company Solutions in Network S.A.S .. They count on the ergonomic conditions adapted for the good performance of his labor activities. By means of two ergonomic inspection lists for surfaces and chairs, as well as the application of the evaluation R.E.B.A. and the analysis of the occupational concepts stopped in the periodic medical examinations. The results showed that a certain group of offices do not have the adequate tools and elements that comply with the ergonomic standards for a good performance of their work, as well as the need for a retraining program for a good development of the activity.Ítem Guía de recomendaciones para el cumplimiento en seguridad y salud en el trabajo de un teletrabajo en condiciones de invidencia(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Londoño Cifuentes, Edison Daniel; Rincón Hernández, Juan Carlos; Tovar Cuervo, Oscar Mauricio; Ochoa Rodríguez, Julio Fernando; Ochoa Rodríguez, Julio Fernando [0000-0002-2904-5961]The present work of degree, gathers the main concepts and guidelines for the implementation of telework, oriented mainly to the fulfillment of safety and health conditions of a blind person. It integrates a novel proposal of a job and a device to the service of the blind teleworker.Ítem Desarrollo del manual de laboratorio y un programa de riesgo químico y biológico para los laboratorios escolares de los colegios del consorcio salesianos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Martínez Sarmiento, David Santiago; Fernández Molina, Laura Paola; Fernández Molina, Laura Paola [0000-0001-8585-6219]The teaching of science requires the use of practical and experimental tools. To ensure that these tools are safe for students, teachers, and laboratory workers in the science laboratories of the Salesian Consortium, this project aims to design an occupational and institutional safety system aligned with Ministerial Directive 67 of the National Ministry of Education. A methodology has been proposed to achieve this objective, divided into three phases, which included literature reviews and participant observation actions, followed by a second qualitative phase that measured the impact of the interventions through surveys and interviews. As a result, the School Science Laboratory Manual has been created, along with the biological and chemical risk management program, as well as the labeling and storage of chemical substances in the laboratory.Ítem Desarrollo del programa de prevención y protección contra caídas de alturas, en el conjunto residencial urbanización baleares cabrera iii(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pardo Camargo, Diana Carolina; Ochoa Rodríguez, Julio Fernando; Ochoa Rodríguez, Julio Fernando [0000-0002-2904-5961]This degree work seeks to comply with current Colombian legal regulations applicable to safety and health at work, specifically to activities at heights that take place in the Baleares Cabrera III Residential Complex, through the development of a training program. prevention and protection against falls, as required by Resolution 4272 of December 27, 2021. To carry out this project, it began with a detailed review of the requirements established in the resolution, beginning with the identification of activities that involve work at heights (over 2.0 meters, in relation to the plane of the worker's feet to the horizontal plane). closest to it), analyzing the risks in these activities and establishing each of the procedures and formats that allow controlling and preventing the control of accidents that may occur in the horizontal property derived from exposure to this risk. Likewise, not only regulatory compliance is sought, but a commitment on the part of the administration of the Residential Complex, having sufficient personnel, trained and qualified to carry out this type of activities at heights, with all the personal protection elements and Access systems required in good condition and inspected as well as socializing and complying with the program and procedures established for both direct personnel and contractors if required.Ítem Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica para la construcción de una guía sobre la prevención de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos en miembros superiores en el sector de la manufactura (2015-2024)(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pineda Torres, Johan Steven; Ochoa Rodriguez, Julio Fernando; Ochoa Rodriguez, Julio Fernando [0000-0002-2904-5961]Musculoskeletal diseases are those that are located in the lumbar area, include the shoulders and all the upper extremities, up to the wrists and hands, they are generally inflammatory lesions of a degenerative nature that generate pain and in turn inflammation and loss of strength labor. The manufacturing sector is one of the sectors of greatest relevance and greater coverage in employability, it is one of the sectors with the highest prevalence in the appearance of diseases of this type, although this type of pathologies can develop at work, there are also causes of common origin that together cause damage that may be irreversible, it is intended to orient this research to the development of a methodological guide that allows defining strategies to prevent the appearance of these diseases in the manufacturing sectorÍtem Asociación econométrica de la accidentabilidad laboral con las principales variables macroeconómicas en Colombia durante el período 1994 - 2010(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Ángulo Useche, Laura Ximena; Callejas Basto, William Jael; Díaz Rodríguez , Carlos; Díaz Rodríguez, Carlos [0000-0002-0936-8333]Research-oriented degree work in the area of occupational health and safety in Colombia, which begins with a macroeconomic contextualization and the general system of occupational risks. the behavior of the macroeconomic variables in Colombia during the period was examined. 1994-2010, next, the information on accidentalness and accident rates was analyzed during the period and lastly, the information thrown in the previous chapters was evaluated by the selected econometric tests.Ítem Construyendo un futuro más seguro cartilla de estrategias para la prevención de accidentes en la empresa Proyectar y Construir Alianzas SAS(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Llamas, Kris Kimberlyn; Correa Pulido, Jorge EliecerThe thesis, Building a safe future, Accident prevention strategies of the company Proyectar y Construir Alianzas SAS, dedicated to the construction sector, is a booklet of strategies for the prevention of accidents in the company Proyectar y Construir Alianzas SAS. The booklet presents various strategies and recommendations to improve safety in the workplace and prevent accidents in construction. The booklet focuses on important topics such as the identification of risks associated with construction, the training of workers in safety practices, the importance of having adequate personal protection equipment and tools, and the implementation of effective safety policies and procedures, as well as the current legal regulations and safety standards in construction. Based on this review, a series of strategies are proposed to prevent workplace accidents in the company, including the implementation of effective safety policies and procedures, training workers in safety practices, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and tools, and collaboration between workers and company management to create a safe and productive work environment. The research also focused on the importance of incident and accident management, highlighting the need to investigate and analyze the causes of accidents to prevent future incidents. In addition, the booklet highlights the importance of communication and collaboration between workers and company management to create a safe and productive work environment. Recommendations for incident and accident management are also offered, including the need to investigate and analyze the causes of incidents to prevent future accidents. In summary, "Building a Safer Future" offers a practical and useful guide to accident prevention, with strategies and recommendations that can be implemented by the company and workers to ensure a safe and healthy workplace.Ítem Diseño de un sistema de gestión de la seguridad vial bajo la norma ISO 39001 para la empresa Transportes Especiales Rumbos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Mendoza Sierra, Maira Daniela; Córdoba Tobaría, Wendy Johana; Toledo Bueno, Carlos AugustoThe present degree work entitled “Design of a road safety management system under the ISO 39001 standard for the company Transportes Especiales Rumbos”, it will be a design of the ISO standard that will allow the PESV to be aligned with Resolution 40595 of 2022 of the organization with an integrated management system and to be able to certify in the future in the standard, being an essential requirement in public tenders, and compliance with policies of the company in the prevention and care of its workers, reduction or elimination traffic accidents and standardization of the company on road safety issues or to solve the problem raised. The aim is to develop a theoretical referential framework with a review of the state of the art of accidents, accidents, the application of the ISO 39001 standard and traffic legislation, land transportation and road safety in Colombia, design the documentation required in the management system in accordance with the standard in question, propose the mechanisms of evaluation and verification of compliance with the duties of the standard and finally socialize the guidelines that allow Transportes Especiales Rumbos to comply with the parameters established in the ISO 39001 standard for future certification.Ítem Diseño de un plan de capacitación que promueva un estilo de vida y entorno saludable en el ámbito laboral en los trabajadores de la empresa Sabor Suizo S.A.S.Quintero Carrasco, Liliana; Triana Casallas, Jenny Alexandra; García Barreto, Germán Alberto (Catalogador)According to the results of the health conditions report of the company Sabor Suizo S.A.S. (Hernández, 2024), corresponding to the dates between April 2023 and April 2024, fifty-seven (57) workers were evaluated in that period of time, resulting in 51% of the population reporting not consuming alcoholic beverages, 61% of the population reported doing physical activity. 100% of the population reports that they do not use psychotropic substances. 58% of the population evaluated has a normal body mass index, followed by 32% overweight and 7% with obesity I. There are other non-modifiable risk factors detected at the metabolic level such as abnormal weight gain (15 workers), mixed hyperlipidemia (5 workers) and obesity, unspecified (4 workers), among others. Due to the above percentages and the recommendations issued in the report by Dr. Juan Camilo Hernández, it is necessary to design a training plan that promotes a healthy lifestyle and environment, to mitigate the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and other risk factors of workers, favoring their current health condition in terms of eating habits. lifestyle and healthy environment of the workers of Sabor Suizo S.A.S., in accordance with the provisions of the current legal regulatory framework indicated in Law 2120 of 2021 and Decree 540 of 2023, since they currently do not have this input to comply with the preventive medicine programs in Occupational Health and Safety, that corresponds to the implementation of a Healthy Lifestyle and Environment Program.Ítem Diseño, planificación e implementación del plan estratégico de seguridad vial para la empresa JEMV CONSTRUCTOR SAS aplicando la Resolución N° 20223040040595 de julio de 2022 del Ministerio de TransporteAcosta Montes , Edward; Triana Casallas, Jenny AlexandraThe World Health Organization (WHO) report on road safety for December 2023 reveals that, although the rate of traffic fatalities globally has decreased by 5% since 2010, high mortality rates still persist, with 1.19 million deaths per year. A total of 10 countries have managed to reduce deaths from accidents by at least 50%, while 85 countries have achieved reductions between 10 and 49%. The research work focuses on the importance of strategic road safety plans to prevent accidents, promote a road culture and raise awareness about safe behaviors on the roads. The proposal of this work is to develop a Strategic Road Safety Plan (PESV) for the company JEMV CONSTRUCTOR SAS, dedicated to the trade of construction materials. The objective is to implement actions that mitigate road accidents and comply with current regulations, such as the 2022 resolution and Law 1503 of 2011. The PESV will include policies, procedures, formats and instructions, designed under the methodology for the development and implementation of strategic road safety plans, in order to improve road habits both within the company and in its operating environment.