Especialización en Bioingeniería
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/51
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Ítem Andamios tisulares de PLA, métodos de construcción y propiedades mecánicas (Revisión)Bohórquez Castañeda, José Santiago; Moreno Amado, Myriam; 0000-0001-6606-6588; Moreno Amado, Myriam [0000-0001-6606-6588]This article presents a systematic review of scientific articles related to polylactic acid (PLA) tissue scaffolds used in tissue repair and regenerative treatments. PLA is presented as a great alternative for its use in this technology due to its high biocompatibility with the human body and the approval for clinical uses by the FDA. Topics such as the manufacture of PLA, construction by means of 3D printing, electrospinning, and the importance of surface treatments to improve the topography of the scaffold are reviewed, compiling information such as the catalysts used for the manufacture of PLA, design variables such as temperatures, flow rates, distances and applied voltages. It is evident that the mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties directly influence the functionality of the scaffold such as hydrophobicity, cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, biodegradation, cell elimination and low immune response. The tissue scaffolds presented in this review showed the advances in the construction of tissue scaffolds with PLA, the good support conditions they present for generating adequate cell communication, and the low toxicity presented in their installation in vivo and in animal tissue.Ítem Revisión edición genética mediante la técnica Crispr-cas 9, Uso de nanopartículas en terapia génica.Avelino Alvarez, Jessica Paola; Rodríguez Patarroyo, Diego Julián; Rodríguez Patarroyo, Diego Julián [0000-0002-4907-5674]Introduction. Currently, the challenges proposed by new technologies allow us to have a wide field of exploration for all kinds of experiments unimaginable just a few years ago, with continuous research around the world, with different approaches, we reach the same conclusion, the prolongation of life as a pillar of research and the continuous improvement of its quality, with the exploration and exploitation of sources of all kinds, from the largest at a macroscopic level, such as everything that can be seen, touched, felt, etc.; to the microscopic or even smaller sizes, what we cannot perceive but is known to be there, thanks to all kinds of new technologies that allow this intangible to become something tangible, modelable, editable, among others, for the objectives proposed in the different fields of human research. Motivation. Cancer is a cellular disease with very versatile characteristics, which is why it makes it complex to explicitly describe its physiological mechanisms, in addition to the fact that said description will be based on the anatomical site that develops, since, depending on the location, its target organ will behave differently. Metodology. Thousands of investigations are focusing on treating different types of cancers through so-called gene therapy, currently characterized by three theoretical purposes: correcting an inherited genetic defect, modifying an acquired genetic defect or adding a new function to a group of cells. The term CRISPR comes from its acronym in English Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, short palindromic repeats grouped regularly, refers to a set of DNA sequences of the prokaryotic immune system. The application of this model causes two types of genomic alterations to be disaggregated, the so-called knockouts, which are those that basically leave the gene inoperative after the intervention; and the Knockin is where an addition of a strange genetic sequence occurs. Conclusion. Nanotechnology has made it possible to widely develop gene therapy since specific nanoparticles have been designed which can transport different types of therapeutic agents, which act under a certain molecular strategy. In the different methods and tools that are being developed worldwide, technological development is leaning from the macroscopic to the micro, managing to manipulate increasingly smaller structures, such as nanometric scales, as can be seen. in this review, where it is possible to cover hypotheses and particular situations such as genetic manipulation, as a means of help in different pathologies, management of drugs at a carcinogenic level whose added value is directed therapy to reduce the side effects of conventional cancer treatment.Ítem MemristoresCastañeda Fernández, Laura Natalia; Rodríguez Patarroyo, Diego JuliánMemristors currently have high importance since their applications are futuristic and innovative in various branches of science, however, their relevance is more visible in the processes of artificial synaptic creation and/or in the processes of artificial memory creation. A completely updated review is presented from its beginnings, where it is sought to make a differentiation between the inorganic and organic memristive systems presented in the scientific literature in recent years.Ítem Estudio de las variables para el diagnóstico del síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva (SAHOS) en Bogotá, Medellín y BarranquillaGrajales Chico, Jaime Felipe; Gutiérrez Tapia, Eduar Alberto; Fonseca Velásquez, AldemarOSAHS (Obstructive Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome) is known as a sleep disorder that involves anthropogenic and physiological characteristics of the patient. The purpose of the article is to show the relationship of some factors that were found to be associated with this disorder. The methodology was developed from the statistical analysis provided by the collection of treatments and follow-ups of 419 (four hundred and nineteen) patients treated in sleep therapy in three cities of different altitudes (Bogota, Barranquilla and Medellin). The related factors were age, weight, altitude of the city and AHI (Apnea and Hypopnea Index), finding that women are the ones who suffer less from this condition compared to men. In addition, in Bogota (the city with the highest altitude) most of the diagnosed cases are found, being present in people older than 61 years, both in men and women. It is concluded that the diagnosed data may be somewhat uncertain, due to the fact that the epidemiological fence of OSAHS in Colombia has not yet been established. However, it is evident that most of the patients are in the initial stage of diagnosis and that factors associated with age, weight and sex influence this symptom.Ítem Estudio de las variables para el diagnóstico del Síndrome de Apnea e hipopnea Obstructiva (SAHOS) en Bogotá, Medellín y BarranquillaGrajales Chico, Jaime Felipe; Gutiérrez Tapia, Eduar Alberto; Fonseca Velásquez, AldemarOSAHS (Obstructive Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome) is known as a sleep disorder that involves anthropogenic and physiological characteristics of the patient. The purpose of the article is to show the relationship of some factors that were found to be associated with this disorder. The methodology was developed from the statistical analysis provided by the collection of treatments and follow-ups of 419 (four hundred and nineteen) patients treated in sleep therapy in three cities of different altitudes (Bogota, Barranquilla and Medellin). The related factors were age, weight, altitude of the city and AHI (Apnea and Hypopnea Index), finding that women are the ones who suffer less from this condition compared to men. In addition, in Bogota (the city with the highest altitude) most of the diagnosed cases are found, being present in people older than 61 years, both in men and women. It is concluded that the diagnosed data may be somewhat uncertain, due to the fact that the epidemiological fence of OSAHS in Colombia has not yet been established. However, it is evident that most of the patients are in the initial stage of diagnosis and that factors associated with age, weight and sex influence this symptom.Ítem Revisión de aplicación de campos electromagnéticos en el tratamiento de afecciones músculo esqueléticasRodríguez Sarmiento, Liliana Andrea; Cantillo Bermúdez, Juliana Inés del Pilar; Fonseca Velásquez, AldemarIn this article we do a review about the studies and research about the application of electromagnetic fields (EMF) as therapy and rehabilitation methods, research trends and technologies used in the last five years (2016-2020), with the purpose of concluding if they are viable for the treatment of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The bibliographic review is carried out using search engines such as Science Direct, Scielo, IEEE, ProQuest, Pubmed among others, prioritizing English and Spanish language. In most of the experiments, positive results and improvements in the level of pain and inflammation were found, one of the most used treatments is electromagnetic pulsed fields (PEMF), aimed at bones and muscles pathologies with a frequency range used between 20 and 50 Hz and a magnetic flux density between 14 µT and 12 mT. For the implementation of EMF, various devices were found who are used with a therapeutic and rehabilitation approach, which shows progress in the implementation and acceptance of this type of treatment in musculoskeletal conditions.Ítem Revisión general sobre técnica de bioimpresión 3D estereolitográfica y su aplicación en la medicina: materiales, avances y tendencias.Gómez Mesa, Nikolay Estiven; Castañeda Roncancio, Rodolfo Steven; Moreno Amado, MyriamTechnological advances to obtain new materials and new techniques aimed at tissue engineering, organ manufacture and repair of damaged, diseased or metabolically deficient cells, has been developed in the 21st century. One of the techniques used to obtain organs and tissues is 3D bioprinting. The present work seeks to review the information presented on the stereolithographic 3D bioprinting technique, in order to identify the operating conditions, the equipment used and advances in the technique presented for applications in biomedicine in order to project research in the area of bioengineering. A search of scientific articles published in the last 10 years in indexed journals was carried out, using the keyword stereolithography and selecting the works of applications that have contributed to the innovation of tissue engineering, organ manufacturing and drug administration. Documents were found that present advances in the technique, applications in biomedical engineering, various materials used and how it is projected into the future.Ítem Relación entre tortuosidad y pandeo de vasos sanguíneos: Una revisión de los desarrollos experimentalesMolina Ramos, William; Munévar Espitia, EdwinTortuosity and buckling of blood vessels are two cardiovascular anomalies that have been explored both theoretically and experimentally and share numerous commonalities. This article reviews the experimental methodologies used to study blood vessel buckling, which is connected with tortuosity. When investigating buckling and its association with tortuosity, a methodology is proposed to identify the key aspects of the experimental procedures, characterize the approaches used, and identify the mechanical factors connected with the stability of the blood vessels that must be investigated. Four experimental procedures have been established based on critical pressure measurements and axial stretches that can result in blood vessel bending and subsequent tortuosity. This article provides an overview of the experimental procedures used to investigate blood vessel bending, which may help us understand tortuosity better.Ítem Análisis de la fase preanalítica en un hospital de tercer nivelCastro Beltran, Fabio Alexander; Camargo, Luz HelenaContext: The health institutions are aimed at developing actions or plans to detect and minimize the risks of an adverse event for the patient. A clinical laboratories receive requests which contain different tests that should be analyzed from the application process by the specialist to the start of processing biological specimens where errors must be reported and analyzed are generated. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from 2014 to 2015, in a hospital of third level of complexity, evaluating with Pareto charts and diagrams reports internal errors of the preanalytical phase Results: The main problem is related to errors in the process of entering information into the system, most errors found in the intralaboratory time followed by the errors of sample collection center. Conclusions: The analysis of the pre-analytical phase and procedures that they make are important to carry out strategies that minimize errors.Ítem Caracterización de las nanopartículas aplicadas a las terapias para combatir el cáncer: revisiónTorres Gutierrez, Diana Marcela; Montoya Barragan, Cindy Maria; Camargo Casallas, Luz HelenaThe constant advancement of nanotechnology oriented towards medicine has made nanomedicine the main actor in diagnosis, personalized therapies, regenerative medicine and more efficient treatments in the fight against various diseases. The present work aims to carry out a bibliographic review, description and characterization of the existing, useful and applicable nanoparticles in the therapy and treatment of cancer. Noting some of the nanomedicines that are on the market and those that are in the clinical phase for possible use, finally the regulatory frameworks that regulate the application of this innovative medical therapy are named.Ítem Análisis de la correlación estadística de radiación solar difusa a radiación solar global en el área Centro-Oriente de Bogotá, ColombiaCalderon Mariño, Estefania; Forero Chacón, Nelson LibardoAnalysis of the statistical correlation of diffuse solar radiation to global solar radiation in the central-eastern sector of Bogotá, Colombia.From data of diffuse solar irradiation and global solar irradiation acquired through data acquisition systems developed under the virtual instrumentation architecture withtheLabVIEWgraphicprogramminglanguageandusingpyranometers,onethermopile type and another photodiode type as well as Compac FieldPoint modules from the firm National Istruments, an analysis is made of the statistical correlation between diffusesolar radiation and global solarradiation,formeasurementsobtainedinthecentral-easternsector of Bogotá, Colombia. This work reports the results of the correlation analysis for measures of diffuse solar irradiation with measures of global solar irradiation, both obtained in the horizontal plane.Ítem Diseño y desarrollo de un prototipo de medición de presión plantar portátilBello Ruiz, Juan Manuel; Diaz Romero, Juan Manuel; Áviles Sánchez, Oscar FernandoThe measurement of plantar pressure is relevant because it allows detecting abnormalities in dynamic and static bio-mechanical gestures such as running, jumping, landing after a jump, walking and standing with the support of the entire plant, which provides information to make movement more effective or to detect any pathology. the device developed in this project is composed of a velostat material with which we build the sensors in charge of providing the signal that corresponds to the pressure in each area of the foot. Also, with this development of this device, it is intended to offer a low-cost solution in plantar measurement devices including a free software tool for the visualization of the sensors located under the foot.Ítem Robótica blanda: Una exploración de tecnologías inspiradas en organismos Biológicos para aplicaciones médicas.Valdes Correa, Johnny Alexander; Avilés Sánchez, Oscar FernandoSoft robotics and especially bio inspired soft robotics is a field that has a great capacity for medical applications, because it focuses on the development of devices that are more human-friendly and that adapt to more biological environments. For the search of the information that is dealt with in this article, the search of the key words was carried out in databases that contained scientific material and research results, and some of the most relevant information was extracted according to different criteria. The main result of this article is the exploration of bio inspired robotic technologies used in soft robotics which could be used in the development of medical devices, processes or procedures. With the information found, it was possible to give an overview of the main bio inspired robotic technologies, those used in the development of soft robots and how they could be integrated and complemented for the solution of problems in the field of medicine and bioengineering.Ítem Extracción de características y métodos de clasificación para reconocimiento de movimientos de mano a partir de señales de EMG y EEG: RevisiónSanabria Hernández, Laura Viviana; Avilés Sanchez, OscarToday, there are various methods for fabricating upper limb or hand prostheses, from simple signal processing techniques to more complex neural network systems. In general, the process is based on stages of data acquisition, signal processing, extraction and classification of signal characteristics, and prediction functions. Each of the variants depends on the design parameters, such as manufacturing cost and percentage of assertiveness. In low-cost systems, fewer captures of the biosignals are used, resulting in simpler signal processing, obtaining a 75% assertiveness percentage. In systems that require greater assertiveness, up to 99.5%, the number of sampling channels must be increased, which requires more complex processing involving neural networks. In this article, several of the techniques used in this process are exposed, which are obtained from the review of the state of the art of the last 10 years.Ítem Detección de Patógenos a Través de Biosensores QCM (Microbalanza Cristal de Cuarzo). RevisiónRosas Guerra, Joan Alexander; Fonseca Velasquez, AldemaEste articulo expone el comportamiento físico y eléctrico del sensor QCM (Microbalanza cristal de cuarzo), también conocido como TSM (Modo cizalla espesor), modificando y simulando variables como su frecuencia de resonancia y su inductancia. También es realizada una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos donde el sensor es usado como detector de patógenos.Ítem Desempeño de un sistema de monitoreo de radiación solar difusa ubicado en el Centro Oriente de Bogotá, ColombiaLópez Gualdrón, Sergio David; Forero Chacón, Nelson LibardoAnalyze the performance of a diffuse solar radiation monitoring system, based on data stored during the 2012-2014 period. From the data of diffuse solar irradiation acquired by means of a monitoring system developed under the virtual instrumentation architecture with LabVIEW graphical programming language and using a photodiode-type pyranometer, as well as Compac FieldPoint modules from the firm National Instruments, review and analysis are made of the performance of the monitoring system and the measures obtained for the central-eastern sector of Bogotá, Colombia.Ítem Biodisponibilidad y citotoxicidad de nanopartículas en el torrente sanguíneo: revisiónMonsalve Caycedo, Julye Elizabeth; Rodríguez Chía, Diego Nicolás; Camargo Casallas, Luz HelenaCurrent nanotechnology has focused its efforts on the continuous improvement of treatments, where they use highly invasive drugs; Currently an option is offered for the diagnosis and treatm ent of cancer, using nanoparticles (NP), these are used for their size and properties. To address this review, a series of publication queries were carried out in the years 2008 to 2020, to which inclusion and exclusion criteria such as language, category and application will be applied, in order to find cytotoxic effects and bioavailability of these particles. For this analysis, we take into account factors such as types, sizes and distribution in the bloodstream, delving into cytotoxicity and bioavailability. Likewise, medications and treatments were specified, finding that the use has focused mainly on neurotumoral therapy and hyperthermia; an optimal distribution is obtained in vivo with sizes between 10 and 100 nm; accumulations in the spleen, liver and kidneys are reported in metallic NPs, which are toxic. On the other hand, it is evident that a method of increasing bioavailability in the body and increasing its durability, is to wrap NPs with biocompatible polymers or cover them in liposomes; the cytotoxicity of the nanotransoportadores presents the dependence of parameters such as morphology, surface charge, size, among others.Ítem Estudio por dinámica molecular browniana de nanopartículas bajo efecto de un campo magnético externoMoyano Valbuena, Jessica Alejandra; Rodríguez Patarroyo, Diego JuliánIn this work the results of the simulation by means of the Brownian molecular dynamics technique of the trajectory of magnetic nanoparticles present in the bloodstream are shown taking into account magnetic fields and random collisions with the formed elements that make up the blood. The blood vessel is considered as a cylindrical tube, with radial symmetry and constant laminar flow. The nanoparticle is injected into the bloodstream near the target zone along the vessel to be directed by external magnetic fields generated by permanent magnets, the magnetic field lines are oriented perpendicular to the blood flow. All those forces that are expected to significantly affect the transport of the nanoparticle are taken into account, such as the magnetization force, the drag force and the random force generated from the nanoparticle collisions. It is determined that when larger collisions occur, the nanoparticles deviate from the path in which these conditions are not taken into account, this because the random force produces a change in the angle that directs the nanoparticle, causing a variation in its speed and therefore in position.Ítem Diseño y fabricación bajo enfoque biomecánico y mecatronico de mano antropomórfica, robótica y subactuada -haruRoa Gutierrez, Alvaro William; Camargo Casallas, Luz HelenaThis document presents the development and construction of a hand prosthesis with underactuated tendon drive system. Its initial design stage is based on the considerations of need that a person with loss of upper limb has, and the characteristics of performance and selection that the prostheses must have in the development of the Activities of the Daily Living -ADLs. The design approach was theoretically based on a study of the biomechanics of the hand and its movements, relating the types of grip most commonly used in prostheses, and considering a Mechatronic Design Process - PDM that allowed its operation to be validated through simulations. After that, the final prototype of HARU was made through the Fused Deposition Modeling - FDM technique, taking into account its considerations of positioning the part in the printing area to obtain the best quality and performance in the part.Ítem Evaluación del Diseño de un Prototipo de Estación Móvil de Telemedicina en Zonas Rurales ColombianasCortes Huertas, Luís Fernando; Matiz León, Elkin Andrés; Camargo Casallas, Luz HelenaIn this article presents the design of a telemedicine station for rural use, equipped with biomedical instruments of pulsioximetry, tensiometry and ECG, visualization, recording of video and voice, communications and electric power supply AC/DC giving autonomy of operation. It mentions the architecture of the three-level system proposed in order to integrate the HL7 public health information exchange protocol, the equipment to be integrated and design references for the physical station and the virtual platform.