Biodisponibilidad y citotoxicidad de nanopartículas en el torrente sanguíneo: revisión

Abstract

Current nanotechnology has focused its efforts on the continuous improvement of treatments, where they use highly invasive drugs; Currently an option is offered for the diagnosis and treatm ent of cancer, using nanoparticles (NP), these are used for their size and properties. To address this review, a series of publication queries were carried out in the years 2008 to 2020, to which inclusion and exclusion criteria such as language, category and application will be applied, in order to find cytotoxic effects and bioavailability of these particles. For this analysis, we take into account factors such as types, sizes and distribution in the bloodstream, delving into cytotoxicity and bioavailability. Likewise, medications and treatments were specified, finding that the use has focused mainly on neurotumoral therapy and hyperthermia; an optimal distribution is obtained in vivo with sizes between 10 and 100 nm; accumulations in the spleen, liver and kidneys are reported in metallic NPs, which are toxic. On the other hand, it is evident that a method of increasing bioavailability in the body and increasing its durability, is to wrap NPs with biocompatible polymers or cover them in liposomes; the cytotoxicity of the nanotransoportadores presents the dependence of parameters such as morphology, surface charge, size, among others.