Revisión edición genética mediante la técnica Crispr-cas 9, Uso de nanopartículas en terapia génica.

Abstract

Introduction. Currently, the challenges proposed by new technologies allow us to have a wide field of exploration for all kinds of experiments unimaginable just a few years ago, with continuous research around the world, with different approaches, we reach the same conclusion, the prolongation of life as a pillar of research and the continuous improvement of its quality, with the exploration and exploitation of sources of all kinds, from the largest at a macroscopic level, such as everything that can be seen, touched, felt, etc.; to the microscopic or even smaller sizes, what we cannot perceive but is known to be there, thanks to all kinds of new technologies that allow this intangible to become something tangible, modelable, editable, among others, for the objectives proposed in the different fields of human research. Motivation. Cancer is a cellular disease with very versatile characteristics, which is why it makes it complex to explicitly describe its physiological mechanisms, in addition to the fact that said description will be based on the anatomical site that develops, since, depending on the location, its target organ will behave differently. Metodology. Thousands of investigations are focusing on treating different types of cancers through so-called gene therapy, currently characterized by three theoretical purposes: correcting an inherited genetic defect, modifying an acquired genetic defect or adding a new function to a group of cells. The term CRISPR comes from its acronym in English Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, short palindromic repeats grouped regularly, refers to a set of DNA sequences of the prokaryotic immune system. The application of this model causes two types of genomic alterations to be disaggregated, the so-called knockouts, which are those that basically leave the gene inoperative after the intervention; and the Knockin is where an addition of a strange genetic sequence occurs. Conclusion. Nanotechnology has made it possible to widely develop gene therapy since specific nanoparticles have been designed which can transport different types of therapeutic agents, which act under a certain molecular strategy. In the different methods and tools that are being developed worldwide, technological development is leaning from the macroscopic to the micro, managing to manipulate increasingly smaller structures, such as nanometric scales, as can be seen. in this review, where it is possible to cover hypotheses and particular situations such as genetic manipulation, as a means of help in different pathologies, management of drugs at a carcinogenic level whose added value is directed therapy to reduce the side effects of conventional cancer treatment.