Ingeniería Forestal
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1980
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Ítem Efecto borde en la diversidad de termitas (Infraorden: Isóptera) en un bosque de galería de Cabuyaro, Meta(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Moreno Burgos, Laura Gabriela; Pinzón Florian, Olga Patricia; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni; Pinzón Florian, Olga Patricia [0000-0002-5858-4083]; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni [0000-0003-3846-4735]The gallery forests of the Colombian altillanura are a refuge for fauna and flora and are associated with a wide range of ecosystem services. Land-use change generated by human activities such as livestock farming, overuse, conversion to agriculture, fragmentation and illegal logging have led to the degradation of gallery forests in the Orinoquia region on different scales. Termites (Insecta: Blattaria: Isoptera) are sensitive to alterations in soil and habitat and therefore are used as bioindicators for the monitoring of changes in environments degraded by land use. In this work, the changes in the diversity of isoptera were estimated as a function of the distance to the edge (0-20 m, 20-40 m, 40-80 m and more than 80 m) in a gallery forest located in Cabuyaro, Meta. In each category of distance to the edge, structural variables of the forest (basal area and density of silts and broadleavings, canopy cover) and physicochemical variables of the soils in the surface layer of soil monoliths were measured. The termites were collected by adapting the transect methodology, in epigean nests and trees, in pieces of wood in contact with the soil and in soil monoliths. The effective number of species (q0, q1, q2) was compared between distance categories and the possible relationship between environmental, soil and termitofauna variables was estimated by a multidimensional non-parametric scaling analysis (NMDS). The termitofauna was composed by species of 3 families, 21 genera and 40 morphospecies. The effective number of isoptera species decreased at greater distance to the edge. Structural variables such as canopy and soil coverage such as the Ca/Mg ratio, exchangeable acidity, CICE, K, Mg/K, SAI and Ca, water available for plants, the point of permanent wilt and the content of C and N showed variations with respect to the distance from the edge. In this work, xylophagous species of the genera Microcerotermes, Heterotermes and Nasutitermes presented affinity with the inside of the forest.Ítem Evaluación del efecto borde de un bosque de Galería en Cabuyaro (Meta) a través de la caracterización de la macrofauna edáfica(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) Mejía Ávila, Laura Daniela; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni; Ramírez Correal, Beatriz Helena; Bogotá Ángel, Raúl Giovanni [0000-0003-3846-4735]; Ramírez Correal, Beatriz Helena [0000-0002-8411-2602]Soil macrofauna influences soil characteristics such as structure, porosity, and infiltration capacity, which are associated with water regulation, and it is sensitive to changes in its habitat. Gallery forests provide various ecosystem services related to water resources, such as regulating water flows, controlling floods, and preventing riverbank erosion. However, these forests are subjected to anthropogenic pressures that reduce their extent and/or alter the richness and abundance of soil organisms and their properties. This study evaluates the edge effect of a Gallery forest in Cabuyaro (Meta) on the diversity of soil macrofauna as a function of distance from the edge (0-20 m, 20-40 m, 40-80 m, and more than 80 m). In three sections of the Gallery forest, variables related to vegetation structure were measured, 45 sampling points were established, and existing macrofauna were collected. Soil samples were also extracted for characterization. Additionally, a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was conducted to determine whether the edge effect correlates with soil macrofauna composition. A total of 2,086 individuals were collected, corresponding to 159 morphospecies grouped into four (4) phyla, nine (9) classes, and 19 orders. The orders Blattodea, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera had the highest number of individuals. The greatest abundance was recorded between 20 and 40 meters from the edge. Canopy cover and several soil variables, such as Ca/Mg, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), K, Mg/K, soil acidity index (SAI), Ca, plant-available water, permanent wilting point, and C and N content, varied with distance from the edge. Specifically, Ca/Mg, Mg/K, Ca, and plant-available water increased towards the forest interior. This study shows that soil macrofauna composition in the Gallery forest is slightly influenced by edge distance, exchangeable acidity, saturation point, and plant-available water.Ítem Evaluación experimental de conexiones madera - madera con pernos y tornillos en las especies Acacia mangium Willd y Campnosperma panamensis Standl. Bajo carga lateral estática(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rendón Lozano, Dalila; Polanco Tapia, César AugustoThis study aimed to evaluate the lateral load capacity of wood-to-wood connections fastened with bolts and screws, employing two structural timber species (Acacia mangium Willd. and Campnosperma panamensis Standl.). The objective was to validate the design formulations proposed by the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS) and to assess their applicability and potential adaptation to the Colombian Seismic-Resistant Construction Code (NSR-10). The methodology comprised four phases: connection design according to ASTM standards D5652 and D1761; preparation and assembly of test specimens with commercial connectors supplied by Rothoblaas; static lateral load testing in the laboratory of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas; and analysis of the results, including determination of yield load, ultimate load, and observed failure modes. Standardized procedures ensured experimental validity, and the results were compared with theoretical design values from the NDS. The results revealed the structural behavior and relative efficiency of the tested connections, indicating a load-bearing capacity greater than that prescribed by the design standards. Furthermore, failure modes not anticipated by the theoretical models were identified, highlighting the importance of incorporating experimental evidence in the review and refinement of structural design codes for tropical timber species.Ítem Determinación de la diversidad y abundancia de órdenes de macrofauna del suelo en áreas de restauración de sabanas inundables sometidas a pastoreo y monocultivo de maíz en Yopal - Casanare, Colombia.(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) Rojas Prieto, Miller Alexander; Pinzón Florian, Olga Patricia; Pinzón Florian, Olga Patricia [0000-0002-5858-4083]The change in land use in the lowland areas of the Colombian Orinoquia generates changes in the dynamics of the macrofauna and the ecological dynamics that occur in these ecosystems, in this sense the macroinvertebrates can be bioindicators in restoration processes that are carried out in these areas. This work used the TSBF methodology to evaluate the diversity of macrofauna in 60 soil monoliths in the Fundo Palmarito Civil Society Nature Reserve, distributed in four zones: cattle ranching savannahs, restoration zone (this in turn divided into Investment and Compensation) and gallery forest, in order to establish the change of macrofauna with the implementation of restoration schemes. Twenty-five taxonomic orders and a total of 7581 individuals were identified. Restoration areas showed greater richness of orders, while the savanna presented more rare orders. The orders Stylommatophora, Geophilomorpha, Hymenoptera and Crassiclitellata were indicative of gallery forest and savanna. Throughout the sampling the representative orders were Blattaria: Isoptera, Hymenoptera and Crassiclitellata, typical in these areas of the country. A photographic guide of soil macroinvertebrates was developed as a final product of this work in order to be fed from subsequent sampling.Ítem Apoyo en la gestión de producción sostenible en la Industria Papelera Colombiana desde la Cámara de Pulpa, Papel y Cartón de la ANDI(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Lozano Lopez, Johann Stevens; Polanco Tapia, Cesar AugustoThis report summarizes an internship at the Chamber of Pulp, Paper and Cardboard of ANDI, focused on supporting sustainability in Colombia’s paper industry, the work involved analyzing environmental regulations, participating in technical committees, and promoting initiatives related to recycling, biodiversity, and alternative fibers. Key reports and proposals were developed to strengthen the industry's competitiveness and advance circular economy practices. The internship contributed to decision-making processes and encouraged more sustainable practices across the sector.Ítem Respuesta de la vegetación post incendio en áreas de restauración de la Central Hidroeléctrica El QuimboZambrano Rivera, Juliana; Ospina Sierra, Daniel Felipe; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]This research evaluated the post-fire vegetation response in ecological restoration areas of the Central Hidroeléctrica El Quimbo, located in the tropical dry forest of the municipality of El Agrado, Huila, Colombia. Using Sentinel-2A satellite images and calculating the dNBR index, two severity categories were determined, low moderate severity and high moderate severity. The regrowth capacity of 16 plant species planted in assisted restoration strategies was evaluated, finding significant variability in their response to fire. Species such as Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Senna spectabilis stood out for their high regrowth capacity, while others such as Ochroma pyramidale and Croton hibiscifolius showed no response. The results allowed establishing recommendations for restoration according to the severity of the fire and the susceptibility of the compensation zone, promoting its implementation for a resilient restoration program.Ítem Descripción del proceso silvicultural en proyectos de restauración con fines de compensación de huella de carbono(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pérez Álzate, Valentina; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]This work documents the silvicultural process implemented in the Combia property, located in the Selva de Florencia National Natural Park (Caldas), as part of the Banco de la República’s carbon footprint compensation strategy for 2023. The internship, carried out in partnership with Colombia’s National Natural Parks and the Universidad Distrital, allowed for a detailed description of technical restoration activities using native species, as well as the use of tools such as QGIS, QField, and Excel for data georeferencing and systematization. Based on this experience, a methodological strategy is proposed for the establishment of permanent plots to enable long-term monitoring of growth, natural regeneration, and carbon capture, thereby strengthening the scientific basis of restoration processes and aligning them with climate mitigation goals, biodiversity conservation, and institutional sustainability.Ítem Apoyo en el análisis exploratorio de contenidos de carbono en cobertura herbazal de alta montaña y turbera para dos localidades de páramo: Duitama y Güican de la Sierra en el Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia.(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) Castillo Barrera, Nataly Juliana; Parra Ovalle, Andrés Camilo; Leal Pulido, Robert OrlandoThe páramo ecosystem is strategic due to its role in water provision and regulation, biodiversity refuge, and carbon sequestration. This last ecosystem service is key to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigating climate change. Knowing the amount of carbon stored by this ecosystem is essential for its conservation and sustainable management. In this study, 15 square plots of 0.0169 hectares were established, distributed across two types of páramo vegetation cover. For herbaceous cover, five plots were established in the municipality of Güicán de la Sierra and five in Duitama, Boyacá, Colombia. For peatland cover, five plots were installed exclusively in Güicán de la Sierra, Boyacá. In the herbaceous cover, 17 species and 971 individuals were recorded through vegetation sampling. The average values were: 18.63 (t/ha) of biomass, 8.76 (tC/ha) of carbon in biomass, and 32.11 (tCO₂eq/ha) of CO₂ equivalent. Soil organic carbon (SOC) at a depth of 30 cm averaged 208.63 (t/ha). The species Espeletia lopezii and Espeletia incana were the most representative in terms of biomass, with values of 27.05 (t/ha) and 25.25 (t/ha), respectively. In the Turbera cover, only the species E. lopezii was recorded, with four individuals present. An average of 6.19 (t/ha) was obtained in biomass, 2.91 (tC/ha) in biomass carbon, and 10.67 (tCO₂eq/ha) in CO₂ equivalent. Compared to soil organic carbon (SOC), a cumulative value of 874.67 (t/ha) was estimated to a depth of 266 cm. The average depth recorded was 2.09 m, within which an accumulation of 622.03 (t/ha) of SOC was estimated, equivalent to an emission factor of 114.04 (tCO₂eq/ha). The values obtained are consistent with previous reports on biomass, carbon, and SOC in Colombian páramos. This highlights the relevance of these ecosystems in climate change conservation and mitigation strategies. It also suggests significant potential for GHG reduction projects and carbon credit generation.Ítem Análisis espacio temporal de la cobertura vegetal para restauración de la conectividad del paisaje en la subcuenca del río Neusa, Zipaquirá, Colombia(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Corredor Cruz, Lina Marcela; Lagos Caballero, Jesus Alberto; Ortega Chamorro, DarwinIn Colombia, mountain and high mountain ecosystems have historically been the most affected by colonization pressures, recording some of the highest deforestation rates (Velasco & Vargas, 2008). It is estimated that between 70% and 93% of Andean forests have been transformed since the 1800s to the present, highlighting a significant loss of natural cover (Cavelier et al., 1997; Rangel, 2000). In this context, spatiotemporal analysis emerges as a key tool for understanding territorial changes and supporting decision-making processes in ecological restoration (De Pietri et al., 2023). Therefore, this study, conducted in the Neusa River sub-basin, in the El Tunal village, proposes a strategy based on this approach, also considering landform patterns, vegetation distribution, and morphometric indices.Ítem Análisis fitoquímico de especies nativas maderables en la reserva el Delirio San Cristóbal, Bogotá D.C.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Moreno Alayon, Alison Dayana; Guzman Avendaño, Antonio JoséIn this study, a preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out on the leaves and bark of 13 native timber species found in the El Delirio Nature Reserve, located in San Cristóbal, Bogotá D.C. The ethanolic maceration technique was used to prepare the plant extracts, followed by a qualitative phytochemical screening, which was subsequently quantified and statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. The results revealed a remarkable diversity of secondary metabolites, with a high presence of tannins, cardiotonic glycosides, alkaloids, and coumarins. Additionally, a differential distribution of metabolites between leaves and bark was observed, highlighting the specific ecological roles of each organ. The study concludes that the identified metabolites not only play a crucial role in the species’ defense and environmental adaptation but also hold significant potential for industrial and medicinal applications. These findings underscore the ecological and economic relevance of the studied species and the importance of promoting phytochemical research aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of Andean forest biodiversity.Ítem Evaluación del efecto del bioextrusado de retamo (Ulex europaeus L. y Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson) en el crecimiento de Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Solanum oblongifolium Dunal, Myrsine guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze y Dodonaea viscosa Jacq en vivero, en la localidad de San Cristóbal(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Santos Vesga, Frana Valentina; Álvarez Zuleta, Norbeyis; Lagos Caballero, Jesús AlbertoOne of the main losses and risks to biodiversity are biological invasions. The species of gorse (Ulex europaeus L. and Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson) are classified by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) among the 100 most aggressive invasive species in the world, and their presence has a significant impact on biodiversity and on human activities such as agriculture and forestry (Corpoboyacá, 2020; Mosso Mancilla et al., 2022, pp. 2-3-4-6; Sanguino Fernández, 2018, p. 163). The objective of the research was to determine the effect of gorse bioextrudate as a soil conditioner, through an experimental trial carried out at the Environmental Restoration Center (CERESA), located in the southeastern part of Bogotá, in the eastern area of the San Cristóbal Sur locality. Treatments of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% bioextrudate, along with a control treatment, were applied to the species Chilco (Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.), Tomatillo (Solanum oblongifolium Dunal), Cucharo (Myrsine guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze), and Hayuelo (Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.). The research was conducted with 200 individuals using a completely randomized design, taking into account four (4) species, five (5) treatments, and ten (10) repetitions for each. Growth in height and diameter was recorded, and possible regrowth was identified. Following the measurements, chemical and physical analyses of the soil and the bioextrudate were performed in the soil laboratory of the Faculty of Environment at the Francisco José de Caldas District University. Finally, the results obtained from this trial indicate that the bioextrusion process generates an organic material, and the addition of bioextrudate to the soil for the growth of native species proves to be effective, as it leads to higher growth in shorter periods of time, providing plant material of adequate height for field transfer in less time. In other words, the species respond positively to the bioextrudate, and it can be used as a resource in restoration processes.Ítem Diagnóstico de plantación de pino Caribe en Puerto Carreño Vichada: evaluación del estado actual y recomendaciones técnicas(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Parra Meneses, Laura María; Avella Muñoz, Édgar Andrés; Avella Muñoz, Édgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]This report corresponds to the internship conducted at the Reforestadora DAGES S.A.S. company, whose objective was to diagnose the current state of a Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis plantation located in Puerto Carreño, Vichada. To this end, a stratified forest inventory was designed and implemented that included 255 circular plots of 0.1 ha each, distributed in the PERICUARA (PER) and PORVENIR-MORICHAL (PORMOR) sectors. Dasometric variables such as DBH, basal area, and volume were evaluated. The results showed a heterogeneous structural and productive condition, with average volumes of 32.64 m³/ha in PER and 56.84 m³/ha in PORMOR, the latter being more favorable. Deficiencies in silvicultural management and limiting site conditions were identified, which led to a delay in development. Based on the findings, sector-specific recommendations are proposed, focusing on thinning, fertilization, monitoring, and fire management, to improve plantation productivity and sustainability.Ítem Análisis actual y estrategias para la incorporación de prácticas sostenibles en la agroindustria; un enfoque gremial(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cárdenas Abril, Josué Sebastián; Polanco Tapia , Cesar AugustoThis document presents an analysis of the current context and the dynamics influencing the integration of sustainable practices in Colombian agribusiness, specifically in the crop protection and nutrition inputs sector, with a trade association approach. The study, conducted through the analysis of sustainability reports from member companies of the ANDI Procultivos Chamber and interviews with their representatives, seeks to develop strategies to facilitate this incorporation. The main findings reveal a resistance to the adoption of sustainable practices, attributed to insufficient training, lack of incentives, high start-up costs, and difficulties in accessing innovative technologies. While significant progress has been identified in the environmental pillar, considerable challenges persist in the social and economic spheres. The Procultivos Chamber plays a key role, promoting productivity (economic pillar) and programs such as Cuidagro, Fertile Minds, and Integrated Crop Management (ICM). However, it faces barriers such as difficulty scaling programs and resistance to change. Opportunities include the development and adoption of bioinputs and precision agriculture. The study concludes that overcoming these challenges requires a holistic approach that strengthens training, promotes sustainable technologies, fosters trade associations, and scales successful models like the MIC, highlighting key opportunities to ensure a more resilient and equitable future for the sector.Ítem Desarrollo de un modelo predictivo basado en machine learning para la biomasa aérea del bosque seco tropical en el sector suroccidental del área de compensación ambiental del proyecto hidroeléctrico el Quimbo(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Barreto Puerto, Eddy Santiago; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés; Avella Muñoz, Edgar Andrés [0000-0002-1595-1154]The tropical dry forest (bs-T) is among the most vulnerable ecosystems globally due to extensive deforestation and fragmentation. This underscores its critical importance for biodiversity conservation and its essential role in carbon storage. In this context, a predictive model was developed using machine learning algorithms to accurately estimate aboveground biomass in the tropical dry forest near the El Quimbo hydroelectric project. The objective of this study was to identify the model that most accurately predicted the aboveground biomass stock in this region. To achieve this, Sentinel-2 satellite images were utilized alongside various topographic variables, such as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect, and slope, in addition to field data for aboveground biomass prediction. Three predictive models were implemented: XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Among these, the XGBoost model demonstrated the best performance, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.72, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 17.38 t ha⁻¹, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 27.61 t ha⁻¹, and a Huber Loss of 22.62 t ha⁻¹.Ítem Evaluación de la capacidad de corte en un ensayo experimental con el diseño lateral de conexión doble en la especie Acacia Mangium de acuerdo con la normativa americana (NDS)(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Robayo Moreno, Karen Tatiana; Polanco Tapia, Cesar AugustoThe wood industry has gained significant prominence in recent times, such that the knowledge and research regarding its structural behavior have become a cornerstone for promoting wood in the construction sector. This study aims to evaluate the shear capacity, through experimental testing, of wood-to-wood connections designed according to the American standard "The National Design Specification for Wood Construction" (NDS) and to confirm the applicability of this standard for the wood species used in construction in Colombia. A total of ten experimental units will be tested for each connector and species combination, including nails and screws. The shear capacity will be assessed based on theoretical values obtained from the American NDS equations and compared with experimental values from laboratory tests. The goal is to analyze the failure modes observed during the tests and to obtain theoretical capacities that fall within the safety ranges established by Colombian standards.Ítem Revisión taxonómica de la familia Lecythidaceae en la cuenca media del río Magdalena(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Mora López, Juan Diego; Carvajal Rojas, Lyndon; Jara Múñoz, Orlando Adolfo; Carvajal Rojas, Lyndon [0009-0003-4065-8296]The family Lecythidaceae is a group of woody plants with a pantropical distribution, with about 230 species in the American tropics. The taxonomic knowledge of this family is largely condensed in the works of Prance and Mori (1979, 1990). The present work presents the taxonomic revision of the family in the Magdalena Medio region. For this purpose, 373 specimens deposited in the ANDES, CAUP, COL, HUA, JAUM, JBB, MEDEL, UMNG-H and UDBC herbaria were examined, and new collections were made in different field trips. In the present work we recorded 20 species of the family Lecythidaceae for the Middle Magdalena, being the genus Gustavia L. the most diverse, with 8 species. Dichotomous keys for genera and species are presented, accompanied by morphological descriptions, images, distribution maps in the area, notes on habitat and distribution, etymology and common names for each species.Ítem Propuesta de manejo silvicultural para el arbolado encontrado en el Conjunto Residencial Súpermanzana Dos ubicado en la localidad de Kennedy(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Quevedo Castaño, Leandro; Isaacs Mosquera, Natalia; Leal Pulido, RobertThe main objective of this work is to formulate a proposal for a silvicultural management plan for the Supermanzana 2 Multifamily Complex, located in Kennedy, Techo neighborhood, in the city of Bogota. This complex, built between the 1950s and 1960s as part of the “Ciudad de Techo” project, has 1069 apartments distributed in 12 blocks and is characterized by its extensive green areas and abundant trees, which constitute an important habitat for native and migratory birds. The existing trees are mostly introduced species such as urapan (Fraxinus chinensis), Japanese acacia (Acacia melanoxylon), araucaria (Araucaria heterophylla), and rubber (Ficus elastica), the result of unplanned plantings by the first inhabitants of the complex. This lack of planning has generated various problems related to the infrastructure, as well as differences among the residents regarding the management of the trees, evidencing the absence of clear strategies for their maintenance and control. To address these problems, a forestry census was carried out that included a photographic record and georeferencing of each individual tree, using the Silvicultural Information Collection Form and the Technical Record Sheet N.2 established by the Bogota Secretariat of the Environment. Based on this data, 12 critical species were prioritized, proposing specific interventions such as pruning, sanitary treatments, fumigation and, in extreme cases, controlled felling. The proposal also includes a catalog with 11 viable tree species for future planting, selected according to their ability to adapt to the conditions of the site and their contribution to ecosystem services. In addition, three complementary programs were designed for the implementation of the plan and a budget was prepared based on the District Plan for Urban Forestry, Green Zones and Gardening of Bogotá D.C. (2019-2030).Ítem Evaluación del impacto del cambio y variabilidad climáticos en la oferta hídrica de la principal cuenca abastecedora del sistema Chingaza por medio de un modelo Swat(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Fuquene García, Danna Lorena; Figueroa Fernández, José Alberto; Figueroa Fernández, José Alberto [ 0000-0002-1037-9881 ]The Chingaza System, the main source of water for Bogota and its surroundings, is facing increasing pressure due to increased demand and the impacts of climate change and variability. This study focuses on assessing the influence of climate change and variability on the surface water supply of the main watershed supplying the Chingaza System, by analyzing changes in precipitation patterns that directly or indirectly affect the availability of surface water in the watershed. Given the importance of this ecosystem in regulating the hydrological cycle, understanding these impacts is essential to ensure the sustainability of water supply to the region. To carry out this study, an exhaustive compilation of hydrometeorological data was conducted, which was subjected to consistency and imputation analysis to ensure its quality. Subsequently, the SWAT hydrological model was used to delimit the basin and simulate its hydrological behavior, calibrating and validating the results with observed data. Additionally, a detailed analysis of historical climate variability was carried out at a daily level, using the hypothesis tests: Pettitt, Mann Kendall, Fligner-Killen and Kruskal-Wallis, to identify differences in the behavior of precipitation and flow under different ENSO conditions. Finally, climate change scenarios were used to project future climate scenarios and evaluate their potential impacts on the surface water supply of the basin. The results showed differences in the behavior of precipitation and flow under different ENSO conditions. El Niño decreases precipitation in the dry months (December-March), especially in the northeast, but increases rainfall in July, and La Niña decreases precipitation in the rainy months (June-July), shifting the peak rainfall to May and increasing precipitation in October-December and January-March. The amount of precipitation compared to the Neutral phase in La Niña indicates decreases of 2.13% and in El Niño decreases of 4.11%, although the amount of precipitation that varies during the condition is not very significant. The behavior of the flows shows that it is mostly conditioned by the behavior of precipitation. Subsequently, it was determined that the MRI-ESM2 0 model was the best fit to evaluate the behavior of precipitation and flow in the climate change scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 for the year 2100, finding decreases in precipitation, through the displacement of its spatial distribution in the direction of east to west in a range between 10% to 25%, decreases in the flow of the Chuza River in a range between 10% to 43% and decreases in the flow of the Guatiquia River in a range between 11% to 40%. The results of this research will serve as a basis for making informed decisions on water resource management and developing adaptation strategies to climate change.Ítem Caracterización florística y estructural de la vegetación en la Reserva Natural de la Sociedad Civil El Diluvio (Villapinzón, Cundinamarca)(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Mora Porras, Angie Carolina; Cortazar Pérez, Ingrid Alejandra; Avella Muñoz, Edgar AndrésThe high mountain faces a serious crisis due to the transformation of its natural cover, particularly in the eastern sector, where 28% of the territory presents conflicts due to land overuse. The situation is especially critical in the Bogotá River basin, where pressure from agricultural activities, mainly potato cultivation, and cattle ranching have generated a 90% increase in ecosystem fragmentation between 2002 and 2018. In this context, the El Diluvio Civil Society Nature Reserve, located in Villapinzón, is a strategic area within the high mountain ecosystems due to its transition zones between the high Andean forest and the páramo. As part of the Chingaza- Sumapaz- Guerrero- Guacheneque and Cerros Orientales conservation corridor, the reserve plays a crucial role in water regulation and ecological connectivity, ecosystem services that benefit nearly 9 million inhabitants who depend directly on the resources of this watershed. The methodology was structured in three phases: preparation, field and systematization. In the preparation phase, secondary information was collected and reconnaissance surveys were carried out to define 30 plots distributed in three strata (forest, grassland and grassland-herbaceous). The plots were 100 m² in size for the forest stratum, 50 m² for the grassland stratum and 50 m² for the herbaceous and grassland-frailejonal stratum. During the field phase, the plots were delimited and structural vegetation data, botanical and soil samples were collected using georeferencing and measurement tools. Finally, in the systematization phase, climatic data were analyzed, soil samples were processed in the laboratory, botanical collections were identified in the UDBC herbarium and vegetation was classified using phytosociological approaches, complemented with ecological indices to characterize the structure of the vegetation units found. The syntaxonomic study of the vegetation in the El Diluvio Civil Society Nature Reserve identified four plant associations, including two new associations for the Eastern Cordillera: Clusio multiflorae-Weinmannietum tomentosae and Linochilo rosmarinifolii-Vaccinietum floribundi. In addition, the presence of the alliance Espeletio murilloi-Chusqueetum tessellatae, documented in the páramo of La Rusia in Duitama, was confirmed, and an undetermined alliance was described with two plant communities: Espeletiopsis rabanalensis with Aragoa cleefii and Espeletia barclayana with Scrobicaria ilicifolia. The structural and physiognomic analysis showed a distribution pattern determined by environmental factors, where the Clusio multiflorae-Weinmannietum tomentosae forests develop on poorly exposed slopes with deep soils rich in organic matter, while the Linochilo rosmarinifolii-Vaccinietum floribundi grassland is established on rocky and well-drained soils. In the pajonal-frailejonal, a sequence from steep areas to low slope areas with poorly drained soils was identified, which influences species composition. The unusual presence of forests at higher altitudes suggests ongoing regeneration processes, probably influenced by anthropogenic intervention. The identification of these patterns provides a fundamental basis for the development of ecological restoration strategies in the upper Bogotá river basin, contributing to the conservation of key ecosystems in the region.Ítem Integración y comparación de técnicas de aprendizaje automático y modelos de regresión por bosques aleatorios en el proceso de predicción de parámetros de ecuaciones de perfil fustal para la especie Eucalyptus pellita(Universidad Distrital Frnacisco Jose De Caldas) Levy Molano, Juan Sebastián; Leal Pulido, Robert OrlandoThis study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of traditional taper models optimized using neural networks (NN) and random forests (RF) to accurately estimate the volume of individual Eucalyptus pellita trees. Nine traditional models were fitted using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, with the three best models (Riemer, Bigging, and Rentería) selected, achieving coefficients of determination (R²) of 99.54%, 99.2%, and 98.57%, and RMSE values of 0.17, 0.22, and 0.29, respectively. The models were then optimized using NN (backpropagation and recurrent networks) and RF, demonstrating superior performance compared to the base models. Recurrent NNs showed lower training and testing losses, and the Riemer model optimized with backpropagation (RMSE: 0.183, R²: 0.944) stood out for its balance between accuracy and complexity, making it suitable for practical forestry applications due to its robust R² and fewer parameters. This study highlights the potential of machine learning for simultaneous prediction of stem profile parameters and volume, enhancing efficiency in forest volume estimation with significant implications for forestry planning and management.