Análisis fitoquímico de especies nativas maderables en la reserva el Delirio San Cristóbal, Bogotá D.C.

Abstract

In this study, a preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out on the leaves and bark of 13 native timber species found in the El Delirio Nature Reserve, located in San Cristóbal, Bogotá D.C. The ethanolic maceration technique was used to prepare the plant extracts, followed by a qualitative phytochemical screening, which was subsequently quantified and statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. The results revealed a remarkable diversity of secondary metabolites, with a high presence of tannins, cardiotonic glycosides, alkaloids, and coumarins. Additionally, a differential distribution of metabolites between leaves and bark was observed, highlighting the specific ecological roles of each organ. The study concludes that the identified metabolites not only play a crucial role in the species’ defense and environmental adaptation but also hold significant potential for industrial and medicinal applications. These findings underscore the ecological and economic relevance of the studied species and the importance of promoting phytochemical research aimed at the conservation and sustainable use of Andean forest biodiversity.