Maestría en Ingeniería Civil
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/23608
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Ítem Evaluación del uso de Residuos de Poliéster Reforzado con Fibra de Vidrio (RPRFV) como reemplazo de parte del agregado fino en morteros de construcción(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pinilla Castro, Pedro Alejandro; Niño García, Joan Sebastián; Pinzón López, Héctor Alfonso; Pinzón López, Héctor Alfonso [0009-0003-3696-1006]The increasing use of composite materials in industry has led to a significant rise in glass fiber–reinforced polyester (GFRP) waste, which poses an environmental challenge due to its low degradability and high pollution potential. In this context, the need arises to evaluate reuse alternatives aligned with circular economy principles, particularly as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in construction mortars. This study aims to assess the technical, mechanical, and economic feasibility of using glass fiber–reinforced polyester waste (GFRPW) derived from roofing residues as a partial substitute for natural sand in construction mortars, ensuring compliance with NTC 220:2022, ASTM C109, and NSR-10 (Title D). Mortar mixtures were prepared with fine aggregate replacement ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50%, and their flowability, density, and compressive strength were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that mortars with up to 25% substitution maintain compressive strengths within the required standards (≥ 7.5 MPa at 28 days), with moderate variations in density and absorption. At higher replacement levels (50%), atypical increases in strength were observed, suggesting a potential micro-reinforcement effect that warrants further investigation. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests) revealed significant differences between certain substitution levels, defining an optimal range of technical feasibility. It is concluded that GFRPW can replace up to 25% of fine aggregate in conventional mortars without compromising normative performance. This finding demonstrates a technically and environmentally viable alternative that contributes to reducing natural aggregate extraction and improper waste disposal, providing preliminary guidelines for its integration into sustainable construction practices in Colombia.Ítem Modelo para la predicción del deterioro de la malla vial de la ciudad de Bogotá (localidades Suba y Kennedy)Pedreros Alba, Jazmin Natalia; Valero Florez, Sebastian; Fernández Gómez, Wilmar DarioPavement management systems provide tools that help maintain road infrastructure in good condition. Among these tools, deterioration models stand out, as they predict pavement behavior based on performance indicators such as the PCI. In Bogotá, the Road Maintenance Unit (UMV) lacks such predictive models, which limits the efficiency of its management processes. For this reason, this study developed a pavement deterioration prediction model using Markov chains, applied to the local road network in the Suba and Kennedy districts. The model was structured in four phases: data collection, definition of variables and deterioration families, modeling, and calibration. The resulting deterioration curves showed satisfactory fits, establishing this tool as a valuable aid to optimize road planning and management, and as a step forward toward implementing deterioration curves applicable throughout the city.Ítem Detección de zonas de expansión urbana usando imágenes ortorectificadas. Caso de estudio: Ciudad Pereira - Risaralda(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Gallego Álvarez, Carlos Iván; Camacho Hernández , María del Pilar; Villota Posso, Hernando; Villota Posso, Hernando [0009-0007-4584-5540]The case study develops a practical analysis proposal for the time window between 1989, 1998, and 2019, implementing the use and processing of orthorectified images from the Landsat satellite under sensors 4, 5, and 8, using technological resources and tools to consider what we call urban growth and occupation in the municipal capital of Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Classified as a medium-sized city according to the classification and categorization given by international organizations, which describe them as “functional urban areas” due to their permanent demographic and urban growth, the city of Pereira requires an analysis that will subsequently provide a methodology to guide the decision-making process and the implementation of measures in the proper planning of land use, the way in which the territory is occupied, and the structuring of areas to allow for urban growth. The Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial tool, such as the one designed in this research, facilitates the prospective identification of areas of urban sprawl during the chosen time period. Similarly, through the analysis of the results, it allows for the offering of alternatives that can be used to guarantee minimum conditions of habitability and quality of life by establishing patterns of territorial accessibility and acquisition of goods and services by the population, as well as guiding ways to reduce adverse environmental and economic consequences in favor of the conscious use of natural resources, respect for the environment, and commitment to sustainable development.Ítem Análisis de la influencia de la adición de biosólidos calcinados en la resistencia a la compresión de un mortero(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Ramírez Muñoz, Martín Felipe; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo [0000-0002-0953-9745]The feasibility of using biosolids from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as a cementitious supplement and incinerated at 850°C is being studied. Two types of ash were prepared, differentiated by their calcination time: BC1 (biosolids calcined for sixty minutes) and BC3 (biosolids calcined for one hundred and eighty minutes). Both were included in place of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the cement mix, generating series of 50 mm cubic specimens that were cured for a period of 28 days. The compressive strength test results show two ideal situations: 1. BC3 at 5%, which improves the compressive strength to 186 kg/cm² (+52% compared to the control), and 2. BC1 at 30%, reaching a strength of 218 kg/cm² (+79% compared to the control). The multiscale SEM-EDS study (200→2 µm) revealed that the 3-hour ash, which is rich in reactive Ca-Si-Al oxides, consumes portlandite and produces dense C-S-H/C-A-S-H gels, which obscure the transition area between the paste and the aggregate. In contrast, the 1-hour ash, with residual carbon, also functions as an internal curing agent and as a filler by filling capillaries at high dosages. EDS spectra confirmed that the best-performing mixtures had a Ca/Si ratio between 1.2 and 1.5, as well as the presence of carbon-aluminates and ettringite that strengthen the matrix.Ítem Monitoreo de la variación de los espejos de agua de los humedales Ramsar de Bogotá D.C. utilizando inteligencia artificial a partir de imágenes satelitales(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Viasus Wilches, Jennyfer Damaris; Ladino Moreno, Edgar Orlando; Ladino Moreno Edgar Orlando [0000-0002-7770-452X]A methodology is proposed that combines satellite imagery and artificial intelligence methods to detect and monitor changes in water areas within the wetlands of Bogotá. Such variations are often related to the loss or reduction of water surfaces due to the presence of invasive species, particularly Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as water hyacinth. The growth of these species poses a threat to water bodies, as it generates various impacts on native species, including habitat loss caused by eutrophication. Timely detection of these alterations in water areas enables authorities to intervene promptly and initiate ecological restoration processes to preserve the ecosystem.Ítem Metodología para calcular volúmenes de aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias como respuesta a la variabilidad climática en Bogotá(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) López Mejía , Rubiel Alberto; Bain Loayza, Johanna Carolina; Zamudio Huertas , Eduardo; Zamudio Huertas, Eduardo [0000-0002-9698-5419]This work is part of the hydrology and hydraulics research group in the field of civil engineering. A methodology is proposed for the sizing of hydraulic structures in buildings related to the use, storage, and/or buffering of rainwater. To this end, theoretical elements are described based on the analysis of existing methodologies in accordance with sustainable construction criteria, sustainability certifications, local and national regulations, the Colombian Sustainable Construction Council, and other methodologies associated with the calculation of hydraulic structures for the efficient use of resources. The main sources of information were entities such as the District Institute for Risk Management and Climate Change (IDIGER), the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), and the Bogotá Water and Sewer Company (EAAB). Based on total daily precipitation and comparing various climate variability models, the presence or absence of climate variability in Bogotá is determined by analyzing rainfall regionalization using the extraction, imputation, and cluster generation methodology. Homogeneity and stationarity tests are then performed for each of the stations in the study area – Bogotá D.C. Finally, a comparative analysis is conducted between some existing projects in relation to the developed methodology, to determine its relevance.Ítem Evaluación de la factibilidad de uso de arcillas provenientes de excavación de Bogotá, como material cementante suplementario (MCS) y su influencia en mezclas de concreto(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Parada Bonilla , Walter Alonso; Pineda Jaimes , Jorge Arturo; Pineda Jaimes , Jorge Arturo [0000-0002-0953-9745]This research addresses the problem of fine excavation waste in the construction industry in Bogotá, capital of Colombia, proposing its use as a supplementary cementitious material through its transformation with a thermal treatment, in order to offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative in the sector. We start from the recognition that the inadequate management of these wastes generates significant environmental impacts, which makes it necessary to explore new strategies for their treatment and reuse. In experimental phase I, 115 samples of fine excavation soils were initially characterized by means of tests of liquid limit of soils INV E-125-13, plastic limit and plasticity index of soils INV E 126-13 and determination of particle sizes of soils INV E 123-13 and determination of natural moisture of soils INV E-122-13, taken from the Tunjuelo and Fiscala dump in Bogota, Colombia. A census of materials entering the dumps was carried out for one week and the samples were plotted with the test results on a geolocation map with QGIS with its attached image according to the soil classifications, Unified Soil Classification System (SUCS) and AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). In experimental phase II, 15 samples of fine excavation waste were taken taking into account the census carried out, these soil samples were characterized and the data were organized through the USC classification to achieve a better analysis of the results, the 15 samples were calcined at 850°C with a residence time of 3 hours, being characterized both calcined and uncalcined chemically, physically and mineralogically with 8 input parameters Granulometric curve Laser Below (45) μm (%), Fluidity of the mortar (mm), Specific gravity (Density) g/cm³, Loss on Fire % Burnt 950°C, Chemical analysis by RX fluorescence (SiO2 %, Al2O3 %, Fe2O3 %, CaO %, MgO %, SO3 %, Na2O %, K2O %) Amorphous Diffraction, Test to determine the fineness of cement by means of air permeability according to NTC 33 and two output variables (% compressive strength 1,3,7,28, days according to NTC 220 and pozzolanic activity index Zampieri method 1,3,7,28, days). The experimental design is 1 factor (temperature) with 2 levels in a randomized complete block design without replication, where the results showed significant effects with a confidence level of 95%. The free quartz content (%) was calculated through convolutional neural networks with a database of more than 750 clays in the area, where it was determined that only 2 samples range between 10% of free quartz and are of high interest, they could generate a material of high pozzolanic activity, 5 samples are between 10% and 30%, which are of interest for addition to concrete or as an additive for cement after a correct calcination and 8 samples that contain an undesirable amount of free quartz (fine sand), the option to use them as MCS would be to mix them before calcination with other materials that reduce this property, because it is an inert contaminant in terms of its functions within the cementitious matrix. In addition, the content of organic material was calculated where 5 samples ranged between 0% and 3% and 10 samples ranged between 4% and 24%, which defines that this type of waste has very high contents of organic material, this allows us to standardize this selection process in which Fine Excavation Waste of more than 10% of organic matter is necessary to mix them with other materials that decrease this % because it was observed that these materials when calcined release gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), in addition that it influences the kiln temperature, color, reactivity and efficiency in calcination processes. The pozzolanic activity was evaluated through the Zampieri method by measuring the ability of pozzolans to react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) in the presence of water, both calcined and uncalcined samples were tested, making 12 cubes per test failing at 1,3,7 and 28 days (3 replicates per day) in total were 360 cubes, mixed to 66. The fluidity was evaluated and the cubes were submerged at 60°c ±5° during the failure time. The results show a significant variability in the uncalcined samples and even most of them did not set on the 1st day, presenting values after 7 to 28 days, being moderate low results, determining that clays in their natural state have a limited capacity to react with calcium hydroxide and form cementitious compounds, in the calcined samples all show a significant increase in pozzolanicity with important values even on the first day of failure, its development in resistance is significant at 1,3,7 and 28 days, in most cases, determining that calcination at this temperature improves the pozzolanic reactivity of this fine excavation residue, taking into account that the samples with greater amount of SiO2 and free quartz are those that give lower pozzolanicity values. The % of pozzolanicity was determined with the compressive strength test according to NTC 220 with a proportion of 70% FID cement (fiber cement) and 30% addition (calcined and uncalcined samples) with 12 cubes per test, failing at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days (3 replicates per day of failure), a total of 720 cubes, taking into account that the pattern of the samples was carried out together with the addition sample. The pozzolanicity % was compared according to ASTM C618 as an artificial pozzolan where it must meet the SAI more than 75% where most of the calcined samples are above this value, only 1 sample was at 70% so 93.3% of the samples met the compressive strength and 46.6% of the samples are above 100% compared to the standard. Uncalcined materials are discarded as they significantly deteriorate the performance of the concrete. Regarding the mechanical activation by grinding method, a process that increases the pozzolanic activity, a blocking was carried out where the samples had to comply with a Laser Below (45) μm (97%) granulometric curve, where it was observed that the uncalcined samples present times that vary more significantly between 30 min and 45 min and in the calcined samples the grinding time is less, suggesting that the calcination process facilitates the grinding process because this treatment makes them harder, It significantly reduces plasticity and generates dehydroxylation in the materials, which is important due to the fact that at industrial level it is sought to optimize time and energy cost, in the same way it is concluded that the materials have a correct fineness and it is an option to increase the reactivity without modifying the thermal treatment but through the increase of the fineness of the material. Regarding the mineralogical composition variables, an exhaustive analysis of both XRD and XRF was carried out, crossing the information, it was determined that the results of amorphous phases vary from 11.79% to 23.79% of the samples analyzed, 26.6% are above 20% amorphous phase, in the correlation of the % of amorphous phase and % of pozzolanicity it was determined that . The % of clay compounds was analyzed, where it was determined that it varies from 6.99% to 24.4%, indicating that there is a significant difference in the amount of clay minerals present in the waste samples. it is possible to make a mining design in such a way that a good mix of materials can be guaranteed. In experimental phase III, the comparison of fine calcined excavation waste was carried out against 4 most relevant additions on the market in a concrete mixture at 10% substitution with respect to the weight of cement and maintaining the same design and materials for all the additions.Regarding the NTC 396 Initial settlement test, in comparison with the pattern, a loss of 2cm was obtained, however, in normalized workability it remains at 90%, in the NTC 673 compression resistance test at 1D (50%), 3D ( 100%), 7D (94%) and 28D (93%), as for the ASTM 237 air content test, the result was 3.8%, being the highest value. Regarding the density, the lowest of all the additions was observed with 2283 (kg/m3). This variable of % air and density influenced the compressive strength, the result of the water permeability test at the 56 days according to NTC 4483 was 29.8, a value very close to the standard which was 31.2, as for the ASTM 403 calorimetry test, most of the samples reach their peak temperature at 720 min (12 h), the Addition of RFE Calcined has the highest temperature peak, indicating greater heat release during hydration, influencing the development of early resistance and implying risks of cracking. Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) The RFE gives 3549 Coulombs at 62 days and has the highest permeability to chlorides, with concrete being more susceptible to chloride penetration, which could reduce its durability in environments where reinforcement corrosion exists.Ítem Análisis de las mezclas de concreto elaboradas con agua residual proveniente de procesos de teñido textil conforme a sus características mecánicas(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Vargas Soler, Erika Julieth; González Jiménez, Ana Jessyca; Mena Serna, MiltonThis research focused on evaluating the effects of the use of wastewater from textile dyeing processes in the preparation of structural concrete mixtures, with the objective of analyzing mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and maturity index. In addition, durability aspects of concrete mixes were explored, specifically permeability and carbonation, to understand the impact of wastewater on concrete stability and service life. This study did not include the analysis of properties such as tensile strength, shear strength, flexural strength or ductility, nor the study of possible long-term pathologies derived from the replacement of the mixing water. We worked with a fixed dosage of 100% raw textile wastewater, without exploring variations in the mixing proportions. The results obtained were compared with the theoretical reference values established in NSR-10.Ítem Propuesta metodológica para el seguimiento y control de RCD derivados de pequeños generadores hasta su disposición final, caso de estudio en la localidad de ciudad bolívar, Bogotá D.C.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Suárez Alméciga, Juan Sebastián; Velandia Rodríguez, Carlos Herberty; Vargas Vargas, Wilson Ernesto; Suárez Alméciga, Juan Sebastián [0009-0004-4088-5322]Construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become a growing challenge for large metropolitan areas due to its environmental impact and the lack of proper integral management. This study addresses the issues related to small-scale CDW generators, which significantly contribute to environmental pollution due to ignorance or ineffective regulation. The research proposes a methodology for the integral management of CDW in Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá, utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) to monitor and control waste from its origin to its final disposal. Specific objectives include a systematic literature review of existing regulations, identification of legal and informal disposal sites, and validation of the methodology through GIS software. The study is also based on the need to tackle the increasing generation of CDW, estimated at thousands of tons annually, which poses a challenge for authorities regarding control, education, and the promotion of circular processes to minimize environmental impacts.Ítem Influencia de la adición de la cal viva en concretos elaborados con agregados reciclados de concreto(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldás) Landeros Barrera , Juan Carlos; Mena Serna, Milton; Mena Serna, Milton [0000-0002-7377-2787]The present document analyses the performance of recycled concrete with the use of RCA by product of the crushing of RCD in concrete elements. The research is based on the replacement of 20%, 35% and 50% of the natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). Likewise, this research proposes the use of calcium oxide or quicklime, as a complementary material for the reduction of cement, which allows the reduction of permeability or porosity in recycled concrete mixtures, thus achieving an increase in durability compared to a control mix. Having said the above, a substitution of 2% and 5% of calcium oxide (CaO) as a cementitious material will be carried out to study the influence that this material has on concrete with recycled aggregates to later compare the results in the hardened state in reference to the resistance to compression, flexure and electrical resistivity for specimens in concrete cylinders and beams at different ages of evolution (7, 14, 28, 56, and 90 days). Finally, perform a qualitative analysis through SEM microscopy testing on three (3) particular concrete mixtures. “Mix #1; 0% RCA – 0% CaO”, “Mixture #9; 50% RCA – 0% CaO” & “Mixture #11; 50% RCA – 5% CaO”.Ítem Evaluación de los parámetros de resistencia al corte de un material granular a partir de la inclusión de escorias negras de horno de arco eléctrico(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Quintero Escobar, Robert Alexander; Torres Mesa, Carlos Orlando; Felizzola Contreras, RodolfoThe present research aims to determine the influence of the physical characteristics of a granular material on its mechanical behavior. For this purpose, two materials were chosen: a non-plastic granular base MP and electric arc furnace black slag ENHAE. Based on physical characterization tests, Cu, Gs, emáx., and ρd. results were obtained for each material and their combinations, determining how the strength parameters are affected by the direct shear test under drained conditions. The experimental setup consists of fifteen (15) tests on standard samples and their respective inclusions, applying confinement stresses of 50 kPa, 100 kPa, and 200 kPa, with a cutting speed of 0.03 mm/min. Thus, a direct relationship was determined between the physical values of relative density (ρr) and the parameters of maximum shear strength (τ máx.), friction angle (φ´), and cohesion (C). To meet the objectives, the two materials were molded in their natural state in the laboratory; the first titled as the standard sample (MP) corresponds to a non-plastic granular material, the second being Electric Arc Furnace Black Slag (ENHAE) used as an addition. With the previously characterized materials, three mixes named MA, MB, and MC were prepared, replacing the granular material (MP) with ENHAE in proportions of 40%, 50%, and 60% of the retained weight in each sieve from No. 4 to pass 200. Both MP and ENHAE are well-graded non-plastic sands, type (SW) according to the USCS soil classification. The material for the standard sample (MP) was obtained from the Dromos Pavimentos S.A. quarry, located in the Los Puentes neighborhood in the municipality of Mosquera Cundinamarca, while ENHAE comes from the National Steel Company "Sidenal" located in the city of Sogamoso Boyacá. The base materials (MP and ENHAE) and their mixes (MA, MB, and MC) are compacted granular materials under optimal moisture, whose mechanical behavior depends on the fabric, characterized by the distribution of pore size PSD (Pore Size Distribution) and its suction component, which corresponds to a primary stress state variable to determine the stress-strain characteristics of a soil. Through the theory of partially saturated soils developed by (Bishop, 1959), (Fredlund, Rahardjo, & Fredlund, 2012), which relates matric suction and water content in the soil defined by the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), the influence was determined to obtain the friction angle (φ'), cohesion (C), and dilatancy (φ) as resistance parameters. The samples of MP, ENHAE, and their mixes MA, MB, and MC were molded under the compaction energy of the Modified Proctor Test Method "A" (INV. E 142-13), aiming to determine the relationship between optimal moisture and maximum dry density. Additionally, tests were conducted using filter papers (INV. E-159-13) to determine the matric suction potential of partially saturated soil and obtain SWCC curves to establish stresses present in the soil mass. The results reveal that low air entry values "AEV" in the soil mass reduce the contribution of matric suction to shear strength parameters, friction angle (Φ'), and cohesion (C). Therefore, shear strength develops at the level of interparticle contacts generated during compaction under optimal moisture content and maximum density.Ítem Análisis comparativo de las diferentes metodologías para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de edificaciones ante asentamientos no previstos.Álvarez Sepulveda, Erika Yudith; Rodríguez Aguirre, Juan Diego; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge Arturo; Jorge Arturo Pineda Jaimes [0000-0002-1825-0097]In Colombia, uncontrolled population growth has been observed in urban areas. The expansion of cities allows the execution of new infrastructure projects, with vertical constructions being of great importance for the urban, social and economic development of the population. This has led to an increase in the construction of taller buildings, which in turn involves deep excavations that can cause induced settlements or displacements affecting nearby structures. Therefore, it is a relevant topic, since many projects do not perform this type of studies. This degree work deals with a comparative analysis of the different methodologies used to evaluate the effects of unplanned settlements. Technical and objective criteria are established to evaluate the vulnerability of buildings to settlement during excavation, construction and use. A methodology is developed to predict damage and determine its impact on structural behavior in terms of vulnerability to settlement. Various methodologies for vulnerability assessment were identified under three main groups: empirical, analytical and numerical, and their advantages and limitations were highlighted. With this information, processes were carried out for three case studies in the city of Bogota. In each of them, a finite element numerical simulation was carried out to obtain and determine the settlements. These results were later used to define damage patterns in buildings and structures near the zones of influence of these settlements. This made it possible to evaluate their vulnerability, an aspect little studied in our environment despite the cases that have occurred in the country in recent years due to the construction of excavations and other works. In the development of this work, soil-structure interaction models were analyzed, which allowed the evaluation of the vulnerability of buildings due to unplanned settlements. The stresses that could occur in the foundation soil and their influence were identified, the excavation was simulated in each study, the unplanned settlements obtained in each case were compared with the maximum settlements allowed by the current seismic resistant standard NSR-10, described in chapter H of this standard, where the types of settlements and the values assigned to each one are described, from the operation of these results. The evaluation of the settlements is compared with the evidence collected in the field and the study of pathologies, of these injuries recorded in the pathological files helped us to determine the state of conservation and the extent of the damage to the structure. By relating these findings with the vulnerability assessment, the category of damage can be precisely established through the fragility curve in each case analyzed. Once the damage has been determined, a methodological proposal is presented for the assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to unforeseen settlements, together with its advantages and recommendations.Ítem Estimación geodésica de la subsidencia del terreno y sus posibles relaciones con la cobertura del suelo: Estudio piloto en la provincia Sabana Occidente, Cundinamarca, ColombiaHurtado Jaimes, Juan David; Calderón Larrañaga, Yolanda; Calderón Larrañaga Yolanda [0000-0002-5062-604X]Subsidence is a geological phenomenon that is manifested by the differential descent of the topographic surface due to the combination of different natural and / or anthropic factors that originate it. The ground cover is an important factor in the geodetic analysis of the deformations of the ground because it conditions the spatial patterns of the observed subsidence rates. This pilot project consists of determining the possible uncertainties between the deformations of the terrain and the soil cover in the “Sabana Occidente” province, Cundinamarca, Colombia for the period (2017-2020); through the application of geodetic and geomatic processes in a statistical experimental model, due to the lack of precise data in this geographic context that allow to correlate these two variables.Ítem ¿Ha sido correctamente cobrada la valorización en Bogotá en los últimos 20 años? análisis del beneficio (mayor valor del predio) realmente adquirido por los predios beneficiados y su aplicabilidad a futuros modelos de cobroBallen Herrera, Wilmer Ferney; Melo Martínez, Carlos Eduardo; Melo Martínez Carlos Eduardo [0000-0002-5598-1913]The objective of this study is to establish whether in the last 20 years in the city of Bogotá, there has been an increase in the value of properties that have benefited from the works built around them and charged by using geostatistics tools such as Regression. Geographically Weighted (GWR) and thus be able to suggest a better future charging methodology in the city. With the above, we seek to find clarity in the implementation of this tool that allows the financing of public works for citizens, since when they manage to see the economic benefit that gives greater value to their property and assets, with a minimum percentage contribution of that “profit” in which the administration intervenes, will be a collection that is easy to collect. Finally, it is important to highlight that, to apply the aforementioned methodology, it was necessary to execute three (3) phases, the first consisted of obtaining the necessary graphic and alphanumeric information, in the second a normalization of the data obtained was carried out and Finally, in the third phase, I created the GWR model, the variables were defined and the model was run.Ítem Estudio de morteros adicionados con Dióxido de Titanio frente al ataque de sulfatosCubillos Bernal, Fabian Camilo; López Palomino, Paulo MarceloAn investigation is presented with the purpose of evaluating the behavior of mortars added with titanium dioxide against the attack of chemical agents and in this particular case that generated by sodium sulfate. The preparation of mortar mixtures added with TiO2 in the rutile phase was carried out, in percentages of 0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% with relation to the weight of cement. The components of the mortar were characterized, in addition, properties such as fluidity, compression resistance, change in length and expansion, absorption rate, unit mass, porosity, variation in volume and weight, determination of pH and study by means of a microscope were evaluated. electronic sweep. The addition of titanium dioxide increased the fluidity of the mixtures by up to 16%. Additions in percentages less than 5% met the design compressive strength, however, it was not superior to the mixture without addition. Under conditions of chemical aggression, the mixture with the addition of 2% recorded the smallest decrease in resistance. For the addition of By 2%, the secondary absorption rate and porosity were decreased and there was less variation in volume and weight. All test specimens were highly affected after 13 weeks of sulfate exposure. The SEM exploration allowed us to observe the formation of ettringite, gypsum and thaumasite products without evidencing a significant contribution of titanium dioxide to the sulfate attack.Ítem Métodos de decisión multicriterio para el análisis y aplicación de la gestión integral del agua en edificaciones.Pretelt García, Julián Andrei; Estupiñan Cruz, María Alejandra; De Plaza, Juan Sebastián; De Plaza, Juan Sebastián [0000-0003-4005-4700]The integral management of water in buildings arises from the need for the efficient use of this resource, which is why in the present investigation the implicit variables are evaluated for the selection of technologies and alternatives that are aimed at mitigating the impact on depletion of this resource. As a result of the above, given the variety of investigations, technologies and alternatives for the efficient use of water, in this investigation, it is observed that, in many cases, the selection of alternatives does not contemplate all possible scenarios for construction. under study, for which reason for the selection of alternatives, the environmental, social, technical and economic dimensions that are relevant for the selection of a solution for the treatment of wastewater, treatment or use of rainwater or efficient use of water are analyzed. Thus, for this reason, in this document the approach of a research project is carried out that is directed to the application of the MACBETH and TOPSIS decision methods for the selection of alternatives for the integral management of water in buildings, for the analysis and the selection of the best solution according to the need of the building.Ítem Estimación de la eficiencia de grupos de pilotes en arcillas de Bogotá a partir de simulaciones numéricasJean Baptiste, Claudy; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge ArturoThis paper presents the mechanical response of pile groups in a representative average geotechnical profile of the clayey soils of the Bogotá savannahs. The structure-soil interaction analyzes were performed using 3D finite element method in the Midas GTS NX software, a computer resource recently acquired by the Research Group on Disaster Attention and Prevention, Risks and Resilience (GIDPAD), within which this work was carried out. For the numerical simulations of the pile groups, the following parameters were used: group configurations, pile spacings, pile diameters and pile lengths. The stratigraphic profile used for the simulations was determined using information from field and laboratory tests from more than one hundred geotechnical studies, including in-situ tests such as the standard penetration test (SPT) and the piezocone (CPTU), carried out for the First Line of the Bogotá Metro and for other public and private investment projects, from which a database of geomechanical parameters for the clayey soils of the city's lake deposit was consolidated. In the analyses, the pile groups were subjected to gravity loads, lateral loads and, in some cases, to a combination of both. Between the load states and the study parameters, 567 combinations were generated. The results of this work are, on the one hand, the efficiency of pile groups under gravity loads, deformations and bending moments in piles obtained from finite element method analysis. Then, results of influence of the parameters on the results of efficiency, deformations and stresses of pile groups are presented.Ítem Propuesta metodológica para la determinación del riesgo causado por excavaciones profundas y túneles de baja cobertura sobre elementos urbanosReyes Salas, Luis; Pérez González, Diego René; Pineda Jaimes, Jorge ArturoThis paper proposes a methodology for determining the geotechnical risk caused by deep excavations and tunnels with low coverage on urban elements, which was applied as a case study to 4 particular areas associated with the layout of the first line of the Bogotá metro, in the that the Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá (EAAB), will transfer networks through the use of trenchless micro-tunneling technology.Ítem Estudio de caso del proyecto constructivo de la Sede Bosa el Porvenir de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Situaciones económicas, administrativas y técnicasSalamanca Moreno, Víctor Manuel; Gómez Gil, Gerson Augusto; García Ubaque, César AugustoThe project of the Bosa El Porvenir headquarters of the Francisco José de Caldas District University is contextualized in general, emphasis is made on economic, legal and technical aspects that were presented in the course of the development of the work and it is described how they were approached and What was the constructive solution that was carried out in order to materialize and put into operation this new headquarters, which has a positive impact on the social aspect of the city-region, offering a possibility of quality higher education.Ítem Propuesta para evaluación de indicadores de sostenibilidad urbana en barrios formales de Bogotá: barrio El EnsueñoPiñeros Barreto, David Alberto; Torres Parra, Camilo AlbertoThis document presents a proposal to execute a project about to systematization, categorization and evaluation of urban sustainability indicators for formal neighborhoods in the city of Bogota, using as a case study the neighborhood El Ensueño, UPZ Arborizadora, locality 19 Ciudad Bolivar. For this purpose, criteria and documentary bases, both theoretical and conceptual, are presented to contextualize the reader on the subject in question, where mainly actions associated with urban sustainability and their evaluation mechanisms are presented, together with the tendency to carry out these exercises at the neighborhood and non-urban level. After the introductory information, justification and formulation of problem are included, which show the need to execute the mentioned proposal, being this the lack of research on urban sustainability indicators or ISU in the Colombian capital, specifically from its categorization and relevance to the goals of the district action plan; being this especially relevant, since according to the previous bibliographic review, these present an important dependence on the place where they are to be used. Finally, this project includes frame of reference, objectives, methodology, resources, schedule, limitations and bibliographic references pertinent to the topic being worked on.