Evaluación del uso de Residuos de Poliéster Reforzado con Fibra de Vidrio (RPRFV) como reemplazo de parte del agregado fino en morteros de construcción

Abstract

The increasing use of composite materials in industry has led to a significant rise in glass fiber–reinforced polyester (GFRP) waste, which poses an environmental challenge due to its low degradability and high pollution potential. In this context, the need arises to evaluate reuse alternatives aligned with circular economy principles, particularly as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in construction mortars. This study aims to assess the technical, mechanical, and economic feasibility of using glass fiber–reinforced polyester waste (GFRPW) derived from roofing residues as a partial substitute for natural sand in construction mortars, ensuring compliance with NTC 220:2022, ASTM C109, and NSR-10 (Title D). Mortar mixtures were prepared with fine aggregate replacement ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50%, and their flowability, density, and compressive strength were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that mortars with up to 25% substitution maintain compressive strengths within the required standards (≥ 7.5 MPa at 28 days), with moderate variations in density and absorption. At higher replacement levels (50%), atypical increases in strength were observed, suggesting a potential micro-reinforcement effect that warrants further investigation. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests) revealed significant differences between certain substitution levels, defining an optimal range of technical feasibility. It is concluded that GFRPW can replace up to 25% of fine aggregate in conventional mortars without compromising normative performance. This finding demonstrates a technically and environmentally viable alternative that contributes to reducing natural aggregate extraction and improper waste disposal, providing preliminary guidelines for its integration into sustainable construction practices in Colombia.