Análisis comparativo de las diferentes metodologías para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de edificaciones ante asentamientos no previstos.

Abstract

In Colombia, uncontrolled population growth has been observed in urban areas. The expansion of cities allows the execution of new infrastructure projects, with vertical constructions being of great importance for the urban, social and economic development of the population. This has led to an increase in the construction of taller buildings, which in turn involves deep excavations that can cause induced settlements or displacements affecting nearby structures. Therefore, it is a relevant topic, since many projects do not perform this type of studies. This degree work deals with a comparative analysis of the different methodologies used to evaluate the effects of unplanned settlements. Technical and objective criteria are established to evaluate the vulnerability of buildings to settlement during excavation, construction and use. A methodology is developed to predict damage and determine its impact on structural behavior in terms of vulnerability to settlement. Various methodologies for vulnerability assessment were identified under three main groups: empirical, analytical and numerical, and their advantages and limitations were highlighted. With this information, processes were carried out for three case studies in the city of Bogota. In each of them, a finite element numerical simulation was carried out to obtain and determine the settlements. These results were later used to define damage patterns in buildings and structures near the zones of influence of these settlements. This made it possible to evaluate their vulnerability, an aspect little studied in our environment despite the cases that have occurred in the country in recent years due to the construction of excavations and other works. In the development of this work, soil-structure interaction models were analyzed, which allowed the evaluation of the vulnerability of buildings due to unplanned settlements. The stresses that could occur in the foundation soil and their influence were identified, the excavation was simulated in each study, the unplanned settlements obtained in each case were compared with the maximum settlements allowed by the current seismic resistant standard NSR-10, described in chapter H of this standard, where the types of settlements and the values assigned to each one are described, from the operation of these results. The evaluation of the settlements is compared with the evidence collected in the field and the study of pathologies, of these injuries recorded in the pathological files helped us to determine the state of conservation and the extent of the damage to the structure. By relating these findings with the vulnerability assessment, the category of damage can be precisely established through the fragility curve in each case analyzed. Once the damage has been determined, a methodological proposal is presented for the assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to unforeseen settlements, together with its advantages and recommendations.