Tecnología Mecánica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/1924
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Ítem Diseño de una Máquina Compactadora de Residuos Metálicos para la Industria Automotriz: Enfoque en la Mejora de la Gestión de Residuos y Reducción de Costos Logísticos(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Moreno Aldana, Diego Alejandro; Quijano Arias, Carlos Andres; Alvarado Moreno, AlexanderThis thesis addresses the design of a metal waste compactor to address the high logistics costs and inefficient waste management in the Colombian automotive industry. Through an analysis of the sector's needs and the use of selection matrices such as QFD, Morphologica, and PUGH, a vertical compactor with a hydraulic system was chosen. The development also included detailed calculations supporting the structure, manufactured with A-36 steel profiles, and the hydraulic system, capable of exerting a force of 300 tons to significantly reduce the volume of scrap. The project results in a complete set of detailed engineering with manufacturing drawings for a viable solution that improves efficiency, reduces costs, and promotes sustainability in the sector's waste management.Ítem Diseño de una Máquina Compactadora de Residuos Metálicos para la Industria Automotriz: Enfoque en la Mejora de la Gestión de Residuos y Reducción de Costos Logísticos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) MORENO ALDANA, DIEGO ALEJANDRO; QUIJANO ARIAS, CARLOS ANDRES; ALVARADO MORENO, ALEXANDERThis thesis addresses the design of a metal waste compactor to address the high logistics costs and inefficient waste management in the Colombian automotive industry. Through an analysis of the sector's needs and the use of selection matrices such as QFD, Morphologica, and PUGH, a vertical compactor with a hydraulic system was chosen. The development also included detailed calculations supporting the structure, manufactured with A-36 steel profiles, and the hydraulic system, capable of exerting a force of 300 tons to significantly reduce the volume of scrap. The project results in a complete set of detailed engineering with manufacturing drawings for a viable solution that improves efficiency, reduces costs, and promotes sustainability in the sector's waste management.Ítem Elaboración del manual de operación y mantenimiento de un microtorno CNC(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Aldana Galvis Andrés Camilo, Andrés; Guasca González Andrés Guillermo, AndrésThis document addresses the development of an operation and maintenance manual for a CNC micro lathe, created with the purpose of ensuring the availability of sufficient information to enable proper use of the equipment and its preservation in optimal conditions, thereby guaranteeing its efficiency in performing experimental micro-turning operations in educational environments. The manual was developed based on data gathered from the document Design and Construction of a CNC Micro Lathe, complemented by additional bibliography obtained through experimental practice and online research. The material was validated with three students from the Industrial Mechanics Technology program, who indicated that the information provided was clear and sufficient. Consequently, this document represents a significant contribution to the adoption of new technologies by the academic community of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas and serves as an impetus for the application of micromanufacturing in future research projects.Ítem Automatización de un tanque industrial mediante plataforma Arduino(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Mora Piernagorda, John Alejandro; Forero Casallas, John AlejandroThe project presents the development and analysis of an automation system for an industrial hot-water tank using an Arduino microcontroller. Its goal is to evaluate the feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of this technology in semi-industrial environments, aiming to optimize process control and supervision. The system monitors the tank’s temperature and triggers an alarm when low values are detected, allowing a quick response from the maintenance department. This seeks to improve reaction times, reduce user dissatisfaction, and offer a low-cost alternative for the automation of basic industrial processes.Ítem Plan de mantenimiento preventivo para botellas y portabotellas de equipo extrusor, en la planta Ajover Darnel en Madrid, CundinamarcaMoreno Moreno, Victor Manuel; Moreno Moreno, Victor ManuelIn this paper, a preventive maintenance plan for the bottles and bottle holders of the extrusion equipment at the Tándem plant of Ajover Darnel S.A.S., located in Madrid, Cundinamarca, is designed and pilot-tested. These elements have been identified as one of the main sources of recurring failures in the foamed plastic extrusion line, directly affecting production efficiency, energy consumption, and the generation of non-conforming material. The methodology used is based on the collection and analysis of historical failure data, interviews with plant operators and supervisors, and an assessment of the affected components based on failure analysis using taxonomy, identifying the systems most prone to failure. Based on this information, a preventive maintenance plan was structured, including periodic inspections, diagnostics, control checklists, and intervention procedures. This plan seeks to reduce unscheduled downtime, optimize the use of inputs such as foaming gas and virgin material, and contribute to process sustainability, in accordance with the company's environmental policies. Finally, a pilot test is presented to validate the plan's impact and its applicability as a continuous improvement tool in the plant's maintenance management system.Ítem Plan de mantenimiento para botellas y portabotellas de equipo extrusor, en la planta Ajover Darnel en Madrid, Cundinamarca(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Moreno Moreno, Victor Manuel; González Colmenares, MauricioIn this paper, a preventive maintenance plan for the bottles and bottle holders of the extrusion equipment at the Tándem plant of Ajover Darnel S.A.S., located in Madrid, Cundinamarca, is designed and pilot-tested. These elements have been identified as one of the main sources of recurring failures in the foamed plastic extrusion line, directly affecting production efficiency, energy consumption, and the generation of non-conforming material. The methodology used is based on the collection and analysis of historical failure data, interviews with plant operators and supervisors, and an assessment of the affected components based on failure analysis using taxonomy, identifying the systems most prone to failure. Based on this information, a preventive maintenance plan was structured, including periodic inspections, diagnostics, control checklists, and intervention procedures. This plan seeks to reduce unscheduled downtime, optimize the use of inputs such as foaming gas and virgin material, and contribute to process sustainability, in accordance with the company's environmental policies. Finally, a pilot test is presented to validate the plan's impact and its applicability as a continuous improvement tool in the plant's maintenance management system.Ítem Diseño, construcción y evaluación de un modelo funcional de un sistema de alistamiento para el proceso de fabricación de filamento para impresión 3d a partir de botellas PET recicladas.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pinto Garcia, Johan Sebastian; Mojica Casallas, Juan David; Quintero Gamboa, Yina FaizullyThis paper develops the design, construction, and evaluation of a functional model of a system for preparing recycled material based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The project arose from the need to make more efficient use of post-consumer plastic, reducing its environmental impact and generating raw material for different industrial processes. The main objective was to propose a technical and economical alternative that would allow bottles to be transformed into usable pieces through a pre-conditioning system. This initiative revolves around three fundamental objectives: 1. Collect information on the system for obtaining filament for 3D printing from recycled PET bottles; 2. Design a system for preparing, cleaning, and cutting recycled PET bottles for the process of obtaining filament for 3D printing; 3. To build and evaluate the performance of a functional prototype of the preparation system for processing recycled PET bottles in the manufacture of 3D printing filament. The methodology adopted included a literature review on the handling of PET, its mechanical and thermal properties, as well as an analysis of existing technologies for its reprocessing. Based on this, the technical requirements of the model were established, defining the dimensions, materials, cutting, crushing, and heating mechanisms necessary to modify the bottles and obtain more uniform cylindrical geometries. The design was complemented by the selection of components and the preparation of plans using CAD software. During construction, low-cost materials and elements available on the local market were used, ensuring accessibility and ease of maintenance. The model incorporates a rotating system that simulates the operation of a lathe, combined with a controlled heat source that allows the bottles to be molded into the desired shape. Subsequently, experimental tests were carried out to evaluate parameters such as processing times, and the quality of the resulting material. The results show that the model is capable of transforming PET bottles into homogeneous cylindrical pieces, suitable for continuing the filament production process for 3D printing. An adequate balance was achieved between simplicity of operation, and final product quality. Likewise, limitations related to the thermal stability of the material and the need for improvements in temperature control were identified. In conclusion, the project demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a PET preparation system in local and academic contexts, contributing to the strengthening of sustainable practices and the circular economy. In addition, it provides an experimental basis for future developments that integrate automation and industrial scaling of the process.Ítem Diseño de una estructura tipo chasis para una máquina de impresión 3d de manufactura aditiva con control cartesiano(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cardenas Forero , Jhon Sebastián; Muñoz Bello , Nicolás GabrielThis project presents the design of a structural chassis for a Cartesian-type domestic 3D printer, focused on optimizing rigidity and minimizing recurrent mechanical failures such as vibrations, axis misalignment, and deformations. By using aluminum profiles, mechanical analysis through simulation, and the application of the QFD methodology, dimensional accuracy, operational stability, and extended service life are ensured for academic and industrial applications.Ítem Evaluación propiedades mecánicas: RESINA UV frente a ABS y PET-G en prototipo de carcasa de una máquina de tatuar(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Duque Gutierrez, Jhonattan Ricardo; Becerra Rodriguez , Yilmer Arley; Alvarado Moreno AlexanderCurrently, tattoo machines are manufactured using 3D printing with UV resin. However, a need has been identified to improve the product's resistance to ensure greater durability and quality. This study aims to evaluate the viability of other manufacturing processes and materials that optimize production, considering economic factors that generate quality and market competitiveness. The proposed solution to this problem is a comparative properties study, which will use 3D printing with ABS and PET-G. The goal is to find the material with the best mechanical properties to create a more resistant and competitive product on the market. Upon completion of the study, the most suitable material is expected to be selected. This will allow for the production of tattoo machines with greater resistance and durability, while optimizing costs and guaranteeing product quality.Ítem Desarrollo y caracterización mecánica mediante los ensayos de tracción y flexión para un material compuesto por matriz epoxi y refuerzo de PVC blando particulado en diferentes concentraciones (20%, 40% y 60% de PVC).(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Osorno Gonzalez, Cristian; Gomez Urazan, Jhoan; Muños Bello, NicolasThis project evaluates the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of a composite material with an epoxy resin matrix reinforced with soft PVC particles at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%. The test specimens were manufactured in accordance with ISO 527-1, ISO 527-2, and ISO 178 standards, ensuring reproducible and reliable results. The study’s objectives are to prepare the composite material in the different concentrations, carry out the corresponding mechanical tests, analyze the results obtained, and determine the most relevant mechanical characteristics, in order to establish the compound’s performance and technical feasibilityÍtem Diseño de un sistema híbrido de generación eléctrica a partir de energías renovables para una biblioteca en Sipí, Choco(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas) Salazar Ramirez, Kennet Stiwar; Macias Garzón , Jhoyner Andres; Ustariz Ustariz, José EduardoThis monograph presents the design of a hybrid renewable electric power generation system for the municipal library “Carmen Amancia Díaz Palacios” in Sipí, Chocó, a non-interconnected area with limited energy access. The proposed solution integrates a solar photovoltaic source, consisting of five solar trees with a total of 25 100 W panels generating 7 kWh/day, and the design of a gravity vortex turbine that, with a flow rate of 0.223 m³/s and a drop of 1.1 m, produces the remaining 10 kWh/day to reach a daily demand of 17 kWh. The system includes a hybrid controller that manages both sources autonomously, as well as a bank of 14 gel batteries (1340 Ah) that guarantees one day of autonomy. This design seeks to ensure a sustainable and continuous electricity supply, reducing the environmental impact and promoting the social, cultural and educational development of the community.Ítem Diseño de un prototipo de máquina de corte hidrodinámico a alta presión con desplazamiento automático(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Saenz Posada, Jhon Alexander; López Díaz , Miguel Ángel; Rodríguez Quintero, Javier GiovannyThe development of automated mechanical solutions in academic and production environments represents a significant advance in the optimization of industrial processes, especially in contexts where precision, energy efficiency, and operational safety are crucial. Under this premise, this project addresses the design of a prototype high-pressure hydrodynamic cutting machine with automated movement, with the aim of improving the operating conditions of the Mechanical Workshop of the Technological Faculty of the Francisco José de Caldas District University. The proposed system is based on the principles of fluid mechanics, high-pressure hydraulics, and automation, integrating a positive displacement pump capable of generating pressures of up to 350 bar, a precision nozzle, and a guidance system driven by NEMA 23 stepper motors. A cutting head was designed to channel the fluid through a nozzle, allowing the sectioning of low- and medium-hardness materials without generating heat or altering the microstructure. CAD/CAE modeling and simulation tools such as ANSYS Fluent were implemented to develop the prototype to validate fluid behavior and analyze pressure and velocity distribution in the outlet channel. Selection criteria and dimensional constraints were also considered, ensuring durability, mechanical compatibility, and ease of maintenance. The result is a design geared toward both educational and pre-industrial needs, notable for its modularity, ease of operation, dimensional accuracy, and relatively low-cost construction feasibility. The solution offers a safe, ergonomic, and technically robust alternative to traditional cutting methods currently used, increasing efficiency, precision, safety, and quality in part cutting.Ítem Elaboración de procedimientos de mantenimeinto para la comercializadora de maquinaria industrial Aeromaquinados SASOrtiz Calderon, Juan Sebastian; Gonzalez Colmenares , MauricioThis project implemented in an industrial machinery marketer that provides technical maintenance service, is focused on the need to strengthen and establish a formal system for the reception of information in maintenance technicians on the ways of working that the company handles, for this the most frequent maintenance tasks in the company will be identified to be documented step by step. a process that will be guided under the parameters established by the appropriate professionals within the company. The maintenance work will be studied so that it can be duly documented and then its operation will be tested in the work activities of each technician.Ítem Dinamómetro para medir fuerzas perforantes en un taladro fresadorCasallas Murillo, Cristian Andres; Balaguera Moreno, Cesar Ivan; Forero Casallas, Jhon AlejandroThe document covers measurement methods and systems as a referential framework for the techniques and parameters that allow a measurement of the forces that act in the proper drilling procedure, based on this, cutting conditions and equations for the calculation are established. of these forces. Having this already established, a selection is made of the best arrangements, systems and geometries that will make up the dynamometer structure, in order to be able to make a description of the physical principles that act in the measurement system, both of the geometry and its efforts, as well as of electrical circuits and piezoresistive deformations. Schematics and simulations are carried out through Lab View, Proteus, Inventor software that describe step by step the components of efforts and measurement systems. with all this, the feasibility is evaluated to determine the conclusions.Ítem Restauración y ajuste del banco de pruebas de un motor de combustión internaSotaquira Ayala, Oscar Alfonso; Bernal Espitia, Daniel; Alvarado Moreno, AlexanderInternal combustion engines are machines that transform chemical energy into mechanical energy, which allows generating movement in a vehicle. These can be presented in 2 and 4 stroke otto cycle or Diesel cycle among others. Over the years their designs and efficiencies have improved exponentially, however, their efficiency still remains above 30%, which implies that a large part of the energy generated is not used and is lost in different forms such as heat. This work details how the process of diagnosis, repair, maintenance and operation of various components was carried out, such as: radiator, water pump, carburetor, gasoline pump, thermometers, electrical panel among others, which make up the test bench corresponding to the engine with reference C1E arranged in the internal combustion engine laboratory of the technological faculty of the Francisco José de Caldas district university, which allow the operation of the test bench. In turn, it is evident in the diagnosis process that the main failure of the test bench is the lack of maintenance and deterioration of components over the years. Likewise, the durability of other components is checked, such as: the structure that supports the engine, the block, cylinder head, pistons, exhaust manifolds, etc. In addition, it allows you to know the different elements that contribute to the operation of the engine in a theoretical-practical way, understanding each of these components and the role that each one of them plays.Ítem Propuesta de mejora mecánica para un molino penagos TH-6(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Poveda Blanco, Miguel Angel; González Colmenares, MauricioThis project proposed a mechanical improvement for a sugar cane mill, focusing on increasing its extraction efficiency. To address this problem, several improvements were proposed, including the static study of the shafts of the three roller masses, the change of roller material to increase their durability, the optimization of the grooving to maximize extraction, the modification of the dimensions of the openings between the rollers, and the design of a feeder tray to ensure uniform and constant feeding. In addition, a finite element simulation was performed to analyze the stresses and deformations in the rollers, validating the proposed improvements. These interventions sought not only to strengthen the milling process, but also to increase the production of products such as honey and panela, promoting a more efficient and sustainable use of agroindustrial resources.Ítem Elaboración de manuales de operación y mantenimiento para los equipos del laboratorio de soldadura de la Facultad Tecnológica(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Briceño Sicacha , Nicolás David; Chuquen Estupiñán, Fabián Camilo; Gonzales Colmenares, MauricioThis monograph focuses on the preparation of operation manuals and maintenance for workshop welding equipment, specifically focused on electric arc welding, and other processes such as TIG and spot welding. Its main objective is to implement clear documents and detailed instructions that guide both students and technical personnel in the use proper use of this equipment, promoting safe and efficient practices. The work ranges from the technical characterization of the equipment to the creation of step-by-step procedures for its operation, including safety standards safety, use of personal protection elements (PPE). It is also develop specific instructions for preventive maintenance and corrective, in order to prolong the useful life of the equipment and avoid failures unexpected.Ítem DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA HIDRÁULICO PARA UN ELEVADOR DE CARGA EN LA INDUSTRIA DE MÁQUINAS DE COSER, MERCANCÍAS Y REPUESTOS DE CONFECCIÓN CON UNA CAPACIDAD DE CARGA DE 1.5 TONELADAS(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Tunjacipa Pulido , Juan David; Ramirez Saavedra, David Santiago; Muñoz Bello, Nicolas GabrielThis project focuses on the design and calculation of a hydraulic system for a cargo lift; this system will be used for the transport of goods, industrial sewing machines and clothing parts, with a maximum capacity of 1 ton. The design considers a total load of 1.5 tons, adding the useful weight and the dead weight of the cabin, which is 500 kg. In addition, the design will be governed in its diagrammatic plans by the ISO 1219 standard. The project aims to optimize operating times and reduce manual effort in the handling of heavy loads. The development addresses the integration of hydraulic elements, such as actuators, following the ISO 3320 and ISO 10100 standards. In addition, it includes the selection of the pump, the storage tank, and the valves necessary to control the hydraulic network. Detailed calculations of working pressure, stroke, piston diameter and material dimensions are performed for the given lifting and load requirements. In the project design, a hydraulic power unit will be developed that will take into account crucial aspects such as working pressure, electric motor and pressure and flow control components. In addition, an electrical control system will be created that will efficiently manage the lift operations, covering functions such as starting, stopping, direction and lifting speed. Automation will be based on the IEC-61131 standard, implementing a PLC to structure and coordinate the operations of the hydraulic control system, ensuring effective and precise integration of all system components.Ítem Evaluación y recuperación de funcionalidad del sistema automático separador de perlas por color del equipo HAS-200 de la Facultad Tecnológica de la Universidad Distrital(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Higuera Saenz, Jesus David; Martinez Gonzalez, Yosid Estevan; Forero Casallas, John AlejandroThe project focused on evaluating and restoring the functionality of the HAS-200 automatic pearl color sorting system, developed in 2013 by mechanical engineering students at the Technological Faculty of the Francisco José de Caldas District University. The main objective was to restore this equipment for educational use, ensuring that it meets the required standards and optimizing the students' learning experience. The main focus was to evaluate and restore the functionality of the equipment through a systematic process that included a thorough visual examination, review of maintenance records, and performance of functional tests. After this initial evaluation, specific problems were identified such as sensor failures, problems with the pearl feeding system, software errors, and mechanical wear. Understanding these failures was essential to developing effective and long-lasting solutions. Once the problems were diagnosed, a comprehensive repair plan was developed that included replacing defective parts, updating software, cleaning and lubricating mechanical parts, and recalibrating sensors. This plan was designed in a systematic manner, with written instructions for each stage and interim tests that ensured the proper functioning of the equipment. The project also included updating technical documentation, preparing installation, operation and maintenance manuals, as well as implementing a preventive maintenance program. In addition, training of technical staff and students was recommended to ensure proper use and basic maintenance of the equipment, which improved efficiency and allowed early identification of potential problems. Finally, the complete restoration of the HAS-200 equipment was achieved, providing a significant educational tool for laboratory practices, improving student training in an industrial production environment and avoiding the purchase of expensive new equipment. This project not only promoted the reuse of resources and responsible practices, but also contributed to educational sustainability and strengthened the reputation of the University in the field of technological education.Ítem DIseño del sistema de ventilación del edificio Lectus de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Sede TecnológicaRodriguez Ardila, Johan Alexander; Guzman Soler , Daniel Santiago; Muñoz Bello, Nicolás GabrielThe purpose of this degree project is to design a ventilation system for the Lectus building of the Francisco José de Caldas District University, specifically (Technological headquarters); This building does not have a ventilation system in most of the complex, therefore the implementation of a ventilation system is of utmost importance, since this building functions as a library for the same headquarters, where a constant flow of clean air must be established to guarantee the well-being of the people in this space, as well as the effectiveness of this system to reduce the humidity of the environment. What the project offers to the district university is the design of a ventilation system, where the Lectus building has constantly clean air that complies with what is established by the Ministry of Health and with the Colombian health regulations, and in turn the "ASHRAE 62.1" standard on which the Colombian ventilation regulations are based. To carry out this project, an investigation of the different ventilation systems will be carried out, the components to be used will also be analyzed to carry out an efficient system, where the different types of fans will be taken into account, also the pipe that best suits to avoid losses of efficiency and also the necessary motor, to obtain a great conservation of the available energy and that adapts to the needs of the project required by it; Design calculations will be taken into account to ensure good air quality inside the building. The plans for the building's ventilation system and the design of the ventilation system will also be drawn up. This will be done with the support of design software.