Diseño de un prototipo de máquina de corte hidrodinámico a alta presión con desplazamiento automático

Abstract

The development of automated mechanical solutions in academic and production environments represents a significant advance in the optimization of industrial processes, especially in contexts where precision, energy efficiency, and operational safety are crucial. Under this premise, this project addresses the design of a prototype high-pressure hydrodynamic cutting machine with automated movement, with the aim of improving the operating conditions of the Mechanical Workshop of the Technological Faculty of the Francisco José de Caldas District University. The proposed system is based on the principles of fluid mechanics, high-pressure hydraulics, and automation, integrating a positive displacement pump capable of generating pressures of up to 350 bar, a precision nozzle, and a guidance system driven by NEMA 23 stepper motors. A cutting head was designed to channel the fluid through a nozzle, allowing the sectioning of low- and medium-hardness materials without generating heat or altering the microstructure. CAD/CAE modeling and simulation tools such as ANSYS Fluent were implemented to develop the prototype to validate fluid behavior and analyze pressure and velocity distribution in the outlet channel. Selection criteria and dimensional constraints were also considered, ensuring durability, mechanical compatibility, and ease of maintenance. The result is a design geared toward both educational and pre-industrial needs, notable for its modularity, ease of operation, dimensional accuracy, and relatively low-cost construction feasibility. The solution offers a safe, ergonomic, and technically robust alternative to traditional cutting methods currently used, increasing efficiency, precision, safety, and quality in part cutting.