Tecnología en Saneamiento Ambiental
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/2020
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Ítem Contextualización bibliográfica de la obesidad, sus mayores consecuencias y como un etiquetado frontal busca disminuir esta epidemia mundialBurgos Cardozo, Asly Lizeth; Acero Bonilla, Leidy Yohanna; Melo Brito, Nadenka Beatriz; Melo Brito, Nadenka Beatriz [0000-0002-4255-8470]The steady increase in ultra-processed foods with high levels of sodium, sugars, calories and saturated fats has contributed to an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cancer, kidney disease. To mitigate these risk factors, different nations have implemented measures; front-of-package warning labels on foods have become an effective and economical tool to help consumers make more informed and healthy choices. This monograph focused on the review of documents to know the impact of front labeling in Latin America, additionally a survey was conducted with students of the Universidad Distrital to know their perception on this topic. The findings suggest that front labeling can be an effective tool to promote healthy eating habits and nutrition education, especially in a country like Colombia where these problems are frequent. This paper provides valuable information on the potential benefits of front-of-pack labeling and could serve as a basis for future studies in the field of nutrition and public health in Colombia.Ítem Evaluación técnica de las lagunas de estabilización del municipio de Zipaquirá (Cundinamarca)Restrepo Capera, Ingrid Lorena; García Díaz, Yubrasky Betzabeth; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan Pablo; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan Pablo [0000-0002-3761-8221]Years ago, stabilization ponds were nothing more than a pioneering technique for the treatment of domestic wastewater, insomuch as they had a low construction cost and great ease of handling, which made this system the most common designing municipal wastewater treatment systems. But as time has passed, some municipalities due to lack of monitoring and control have manifested various problems, we know that water is an important resource in the daily life of human beings, likewise the availability of this resource is reduced compared to the total water in the world, so the importance of its good use and preservation becomes a necessity for the future. An economic way to treat wastewater is through the construction and systematization of stabilization ponds, which allow us to reuse water for different purposes, such as crop irrigation or energy use. The treatment of wastewater through physical-chemical or biological processes is necessary to minimize the impacts of wastewater discharges and to favor the recovery of water bodies. In order to carry out the monograph, it is proposed to carry out a bibliographical review of documents and articles that contain related information, as well as to investigate and consult technical information on the design of the lagoons in order to later make a comparison of the information obtained from the consultation and the technical visit to the lagoons. stabilization of Zipaquirá.Ítem Análisis bibliográfico de los sistemas de remoción de cloruros en aguas residuales desde el año 2010 hasta la actualidadNúñez Galeano, Angie Lorena; Guerra Rodríguez, JayerthThis monograph focuses on the bibliographic analysis of chloride treatment systems in wastewater, in order to identify the most effective and viable systems for the elimination of these compounds and to improve water quality, in compliance with environmental and public health standards. To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives were proposed: to describe the types of chloride removal treatment, to identify the parameters that influence the efficiency of the treatment systems, and to establish which is the most adequate system for the removal of chlorides in wastewater. The methodology used consisted of a bibliographic review of scientific and technical articles published from 2010 to the present, using search engines specialized in the subject. The results obtained made it possible to describe the different chloride treatment systems, their characteristics and efficiency, identify the parameters that influence their performance and compare the different systems to establish which is the most appropriate according to the application context. It is concluded that there are several chloride treatment systems that can be effective in the elimination of these compounds in wastewater, but the choice of the most appropriate system will depend on the specific conditions of each situation, so during the development of this work these different systems are grouped into physical, chemical, biological, and special treatments, in order to present their main characteristics, efficiency, and other important factors for their development.Ítem Evaluación del larvicida de extracto de Cannabis Sativa sobre larvas de cuarto estadio de mosquito Aedes Aegypti en condiciones de laboratorioAlfonso Mendoza, Mónica Stephannie; Turriago MartíneZ, Lizeth Melissa; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás [0000-0002-5840-6957]Currently, one of the most serious problems in public health is the increase in the distribution of Aedes aegypti in America, since to date, it is the only transmitter of the dengue virus, this and other diseases are produced by the bite of this mosquito, due to its easy adaptation to the environment for its reproduction. Therefore, a larvicide based on Cannabis Sativa was developed to control the proliferation of this vector. The main objective is to determine the optimum concentration of Cannabis sativa extract for the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. For this purpose, they evaluated and tested 7 concentrations of Cannabis Sativa extract obtained by means of the Soxhlet extractor and then the rotoevaporator. The results showed that for the biological control of A. aegypti IV stage larvae in laboratory conditions, the optimum concentration is 600 ppm, since it achieved 100% lethality of thelarvae after 12 hours of exposure to the extract, while at a concentration of 1ppm, 63% lethality of the individuals exposed to the extract was achieved after 48 hours. The analysis by means of linear regression showed that the exact concentration to reachthe LC50 of the sample in A. aegypti is 0.2 ppm of the extract and to achieve the LC90 the individuals must be subjected to a concentration of 544 ppm, to achieve the effectiveness of the extract of C. sativa as a larvicide.Ítem Análisis de la generación y composición física de los residuos sólidos en los cluster comerciales en la localidad de Kennedy, Bogotá.González Cortes, Johana Andrea; Orozco Gutiérrez, Carlos JaimeThis report presents the results of the study carried out by the field operational technicians and other professionals of the Special Administrative Unit of Public Services (UAESP). During a period of two months, operational tasks were carried out to identify the critical points of waste generation in the town of Kennedy, in Bogotá. In addition, information on the location of the containers was provided. The report also includes graphs that illustrate the composition of the waste and its behavior at different points, as well as the potential for using solid waste from commercial clusters in the same location. In addition, effective alternatives for the degradation of this waste are explored, such as composting and vermiculture, which allow efficient use of organic matter.Ítem Análisis de la generación y composición física de los residuos sólidos del clúster comercial de la localidad Engativá Bogotá D.CSarmiento Parra, Paula Andrea; Rojas Bolaños, Erika Dahianna; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloThe composition of this document is based on the results that were obtained as a result of the work that was carried out in the field by technical operators of the Special Administrative Unit of Public Services (UAESP). Therefore, it is possible to show the points of waste generation, in the different separations of the containers; the composition of the waste that shows graphs of how the type of material behaves in front of the different points and the potential use of solid waste in the business cluster in the town of Engativa, Bogotá, subscriber to this, recommendations are provided use for different types of materials.Ítem Asistencia técnica en el aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos generados por el Colegio Nacional Nicolás Esguerra- IEDRozo Beltrán, Laura Alejandra; Ballesteros Sánchez, Cristhian Camilo; Corradine Mora, Diego TomásThis internship was held at the Colegio Nacional Nicolás Esguerra I.E.D. both in the monitoring and disposal of solid waste, and in raising awareness of the student community in the proper handling of these and the different methods of which are generated within the institution. Activities were carried out separation, characterization and weighing of waste generated, together with educational work towards tenth grade students. Through this project it was sought that the institution and especially the teachers who make up the School Environmental Project, know the amount of waste that is generated and also the methods and places for exploiting them, as well as creating awareness raising links between the students and their environment, thus reinforcing respect for nature, acquiring a role of responsibility and awareness. This internship enabled the institution to gain first-hand knowledge of the methods of separation and disposal of waste, and thus benefit from something so common in society as is the generation of solid waste.Ítem Diseño y formulación de la planificación de un SGA, bajo la norma NTC ISO 14001:2015 en la Empresa PPC Temkin Flexible Packaging Colombia S.A.SBello Tafur, Laura Dayana; Bonilla Sánchez, Natalia Andrea; Martínez Abello, Jairo MiguelThe PPC Temkin company does not have environmental standards, the objective of this work is to design and formulate the planning phase of an SGA, under the NTC ISO 14001: 2015 standard. Four phases were carried out: the RAI, strategic, managerial and operational planning. In the RAI, a survey was carried out identifying the current state of the company; in the strategic planning it is proposed to the company to develop a proposal regarding compliance with environmental policies. For the planning, the matrix of Environmental Aspects and Impacts, the matrix of legal requirements, the matrix of internal and external parties with their needs and expectations were made. Finally, in the operational planning phase, design mitigation mechanisms and operational controls for the company. The results showed four affected resources: energy, water, air quality and hazardous waste. On the other hand, processes such as; domestic discharges with discharge to the sewage, electricity consumption and the generation of polluting gases by fixed sources are processes where the company must include programs with environmental goals and objectives so that these processes do not affect the environment. In conclusion, the company must implement management programs to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and improve the current condition of the company with the planet, mainly benefiting from the efficient use of energy, water, air and environmental education resources to achieve the scope of the ISO 14001:2015 standard.Ítem Diseño e implementación de estrategias sanitarias y ambientales para el fortalecimiento de los diferentes programas desarrollados en el marco del proyecto de inversión 7846 de la Subdirección de Abastecimiento Alimentario.Mora Casallas, Jhonnan; Mojica Hernández, Martha LuciaThe District Secretariat for Economic Development (SDDE) is associated with processes related to the formulation, management and execution of policies related to economic development which are aimed at strengthening competitiveness, business development, the rural economy, employment and food supply, through the implementation of strategies that lead to continuous improvement and generation of income for people or companies, seeking in this way, the progress and improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants of the city of Bogotá. In this internship, accompaniment was carried out in some of the programs corresponding to the Subdirectorate of food supply developed in the framework of the investment project 7846, related to the sustainability of the supply and distribution of food in the Capital District, where the peasant markets and the district market squares, it was possible to demonstrate the different problems that our city faces in terms of waste management solids, losses and waste of food thanks to sensitization and other strategies carried out in some of the parties involved, consumers and producers. In addition, support activities were carried out in external programs in collaboration with local mayors, specifically in the Classroom program Environmental within Schools of the district.Ítem Apoyo en la construcción del estudio de línea base de los estilos de vida sostenible de la población de Bogotá D.CDiaz Chávez, Catalina; Martínez Abello, Jairo Miguel; Bello Herreño, TatyanaThis document contains information collected from a period of time from 2016 to 2022 from district and national entities, aimed at Sustainable Lifestyles related to the five areas recognized by the Environment Program of the United Nations, which are, mobility, leisure, housing, food and consumption of goods and services, obtaining these data sought to establish what was the relevant information for each area and identify the missing information at the district level, also recommendations were given on what kind of data is missing in each area and how each of these could be improved.Ítem Soporte en actividades técnicas y financieras relacionadas con el saneamiento básico y el agua potable, pertenecientes a la línea del recurso hídrico en la Empresa R&R Knowledge, Engineering & LAB S.A.SDiaz Infante, Gysell Stefanya; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloKELAB S.A.S, is a company that has more than 8 years of experience in the hydrocarbon, pharmaceutical, food and industrial sectors, which focuses on strategic and innovative environmental management, offering comprehensive services in; basic sanitation plans, comprehensive solid waste management plans, container and packaging management plan, environmental awareness programs, design and construction of water treatment systems, wastewater discharge permits, soil and body modeling services of water, water reuse systems, bioremediation, maintenance and design of grease traps and water concession permit processing, procedures and services that are provided by qualified professionals who carry out technical and economic analyzes to define the most viable option in the which there is an optimization of resources. Due to the lines of work that the company manages, such as water resources management, solid waste management, knowledge management and basic sanitation, qualified personnel are required to develop market studies that can expand the company's connection with different allies that develop within the different fields mentioned above. The activities to be carried out as an Environmental Sanitation Technology intern within the company will be: Follow-up and management of the services of the water resource line focused on the design, construction and implementation of treatment systems and grease traps, Concession permits for water, water reuse permits, sanitary installations, discharge procedures and water characterization, preparation of purchase requests, service orders and budgets.Ítem Actividades de apoyo para la clasificación y etiquetado de la colección de líquenes del laboratorio de ecología y zoonosisTriana Rodríguez, Julián Alejandro; Forero Santos, Jhoam Sebastián; Corradine Mora, Diego TomásIn the present project, which was carried out in the Ecology and Zoonosis laboratory of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, the taxonomic identification of lichens collected in field trips was carried out. In this process, 97 lichenized organisms were classified with the help of optical equipment that allowed us to observe the microscopic and macroscopic morphologies of each specimen, as well as using the taxonomic keys of Moncada & Lüecking, R. (2021) and Barreno, E, & Pérez-Ortega, S. (2003), it was possible to obtain a more accurate classification in the repository. On the other hand, during the course of this internship it was possible to observe certain difficulties in the process due to the poor preservation of the organisms in the laboratory as well as the way they were stored, which is why an attempt was made to identify the lichens in conditions for the consolidation of a future collection.Ítem Dimensionamiento y operación de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales para una empresa cosmética a cargo de la empresa INGEPROL S.A.S.Romero Aroca, Kevin David; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloThe cosmetic industries use water in their production to carry out a process of elaboration of such products. These waters contain different types of pollutants that are discharged into a water body for reuse. For this type of cases there are certain standards that must be met to generate a minimum impact on the ecosystem in use and also an optimization of the resource so that it can be reconciled with the activity in which it will be reused. Therefore, these waters must be treated to achieve the required optimization. Consequently, the consultancy to meet this objective is really important and it is the moment when INGEPROL S.A.S. enters to collaborate with the aforementioned industry with the studies and technical documents of the wastewater treatment system required in the cosmetics factory.Ítem Análisis de la generación y composición física de los residuos sólidos del clouster del comercio en la localidad de Bosa, Bogotá.Puentes Puentes, Rafael Arturo; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloThis document contains the results obtained from the field work carried out by the technical operators of the Unidad Administrativa Especial de Servicios Públicos (UAESP) showing the points of waste generation, evidencing the composition of the waste through graphs of how the type of material behaves at the different points and the potential for use of solid waste in the clouster of commerce in the town of Bosa, Bogotá, also considering the efficient alternatives to degrade these wastes such as biodigester technology.Ítem Actividad antimicrobiana del extracto acuoso de ajo sobre algunas bacterias gramnegativas: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y P. fluorescensCarvajal León, Iván Steven; Acosta Peñaloza, Gloria Stella; Acosta Peñaloza, Gloria Stella [0000-0003-0166-3490]Garlic has several virtues, both culinary and pharmaceutical, which arouse great interest in natural medicine, especially for its antimicrobial activity. Because of this, this experimental study was proposed to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of the aqueous extract derived from garlic maceration against some Gram-negative bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. These bacteria were obtained from the strain colletion of the microbiology laboratory, Ciudadela Universitaria El Porvenir, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. For antibiosis tests, we worked with the garlic species Allium sativum, which was obtained from a market place. For the evaluation, the chemical compound allicin from garlic was activated through a maceration process. The evaluation method used consisted of exposing the bacterial strains to the aqueous garlic extract in Müller–Hinton agar. The mass cultivation method was made with an inoculum of 0.5 following the McFarland standard. This method use the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous garlic extract on some Gram-negative bacteria was achieved by qualitative readings; presence or absence of inhibitory halos. The entire process carried out maintaining asepsis in the work and following the good laboratory practices. Once the results were obtained and the laboratory tasks were completed, the biological material was neutralized and finally disposed of.Ítem Revisión de los efectos oncológicos en caninos domésticos por la contaminación con principales micotoxinas en alimento concentradoBuitrago Moya, Laura Fernanda; Palomino Serrano, Carol Ximena; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas; 0000-0002-5840-6957; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas [0000-0002-5840-6957]The present degree work as a monograph contains a review of the relationship between the contamination of concentrated dog food by aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fumonisins and the toxic and cancerous effects that these can generate in domestic canines. Therefore, it is expected that through the search for information, research and analysis of different studies that describe the mechanisms of action of mycotoxins, an answer can be given to the research question which is related to the oncological affectation in said animals. company due to the consumption of concentrated feed contaminated with secondary metabolites. Taking into account the above and based on the consultation carried out in the different bibliographic sources, it was possible to gather information that proves the frequent presence of fungi that produce aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fumonisins in different distribution brands of concentrated foods for canines, regardless of price, quality. , distributed in bulk or in sealed packaging. The above poses a considerable risk to the health of pets due to the types of toxicological, mutagenic effects and the increased production of carcinogenicity in relation to the ingestion of mycotoxins. Finally, it is demonstrated that the different sanitary interventions for the correct handling and hygiene of concentrated foods play a fundamental role in the mitigation and control of mycotoxins and it is recommended to increase the level of research in this area of sanitation.Ítem Diseño y formulación de la fase de planificación de un sistema de gestión ambiental bajo NTC ISO 14001:2015 para la Ferretería La FlorestaNúñez Herrera, Laura Sofia; Duarte Robles, María Alejandra; Martínez Avello, Jairo MiguelThis monograph includes the design and formulation of an environmental management system based on ISO 14001:2015, for the company Ferretería La Floresta, this system will allow to manage and control the environmental aspects and impacts present in the operation of the hardware store, since the environmental impact constitutes a significant alteration in the environment that may be beneficial or adverse to it. The design of the environmental management system contemplated the management and improvement of processes considered during the initial environmental review made to the company. When identifying the environmental aspects and activities that interact with the company’s area of influence, it was possible to identify those environmental aspects and impacts, such as the consumption of energy and water resources, fossil fuel consumption and waste generation, these are given possible solutions or mitigations, which are presented in environmental management programs focused on the efficient use and management of these aspects and impacts; which will represent an improvement in processes, greater efficiency and greater business possibilities for the company, taking advantage of its environmental responsibility.Ítem Gestión para el registro de la colección biológica de macroinvertebrados del Laboratorio de Zoonosis y Ecología de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas de la Sede Bosa El PorvenirFernández Ramirez, Stefania; Moreno Sandoval, Laura Yesenia; Corradine Mora, Diego TomasBiological collections are data banks, conceptually like libraries or documentation centers; It is considered a national heritage and of interest to humanity, as it is a source of knowledge and information about our biodiversity, which is why they must be protected, maintained and properly curated, guaranteeing their permanence over time (Simmons y Muñoz-Sabba, 2005). In accordance with the provisions of current regulations, biological collections must be registered in the RNC and keep their registry updated (MINAMBIENTE, 2015). In Colombia, biological collections are described in Decree 1076 of 2015 as “A set of specimens of biological diversity preserved under specialized curatorship standards for each of the groups deposited in it, which must be properly cataloged, maintained and organized taxonomically; in accordance with the provisions of the respective management protocol (MINAMBIENTE, 2015).Ítem Estrategia didáctica sobre el manejo de residuos sólidos en zona ruralGarcía Pedraza, Jhonny; Polo Sánchez, Nelly Geraldine; Hernández Mojica, Martha Lucía; 0000-0001-8329-9033This project addresses the problem of solid waste management in rural areas, for which it began with a bibliographic analysis that, firstly, collects national and municipal records on solid waste management in rural areas, and secondly, allows determining certain specific characteristics in relation to this, such as: solid waste generation, source separation and final disposal. In this way, with the information collected and ordered, an informative video will be made aimed at the population of rural areas, in order to provide the correct tools so that they help the preservation and environmental care, promoting an adequate realization of the final disposal of solid waste. Then, the content of the video will be about solid waste generated in rural areas, its comprehensive management and use strategies. In conclusion, what is sought with the development of this initiative is to produce a didactic tool with a high visual, conceptual and practical impact for communities in rural areas, in relation to the importance of proper management and control of solid waste.Ítem Informe final: asistencia para la disposición y aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos dentro de las instalaciones del Colegio Nacional Nicolás EsguerraRodríguez Molano, Edward Julián; Ordóñez Rojas, Santiago; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás; 0000-0002-5840-6957; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás [0000-0002-5840-6957]Currently, one of the most pressing challenges worldwide is the proper management of solid waste. With population growth, industrial development and changes in consumption patterns, waste generation has become a major environmental and social problem. For this reason, it is of utmost importance to raise awareness about the use and disposal of the solid waste that we generate in our homes, work and/or study areas, among others. Improper management of solid waste carries significant risks to public health and the environment. The accumulation of waste without control can cause the proliferation of diseases, contamination of water, soil and air, as well as affecting biodiversity and ecological balance. There are several types of waste, among the most characteristic are usable waste, usable organic waste and non-usable waste. In this report, the management, awareness and disposal of each of the solid waste will be explored in detail, analyzing its implications and presenting good practices for its sustainable management. Likewise, an interactive space is created with tenth and eleventh grade students from the Nicolás Esguerra school in order to strengthen their knowledge about the generation of solid waste, final disposal, use methods, also carrying out a brief historical and regulatory review of the topic in question. This is done through theoretical/practical classes, where students can apply the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes.