Tecnología en Saneamiento Ambiental
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/2020
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Ítem Caracterización del vertimiento proveniente de la purga de caldera en la Empresa Decowraps para su posible tratamiento y reutilización(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Parra Arias , Andrés Felipe; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan Pablo; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan Pablo [0000-0002-3761-8221]Decowraps is a global company specializing in packaging and decoration solutions for the floral and plant industry. Founded in 2005, the company focuses on offering innovative and sustainable products that help present flowers and plants in an attractive way. Its portfolio includes wraps, sleeves, bows, bags, ribbons, and other accessories designed to meet the needs of customers such as florists, supermarkets, and wholesalers. Its portfolio includes wraps, sleeves, bows, bags, ribbons, and other accessories designed to meet the needs of customers such as florists, supermarkets, and wholesalers. Some of the packaging manufactured by the company is made from corrugated cardboard. To obtain this type of material, the cardboard is subjected to a steam heating process to make it more flexible and adaptable to the corrugated shape of the corrugator machine's rollers, which give it the characteristic shape of corrugated cardboard. To generate this steam, the company uses a boiler that utilizes water previously treated with chemicals for its proper functioning. Boiler purging is a necessary operation to remove dissolved solids and accumulated sediments, ensuring proper operation. However, the resulting wastewater often contains high concentrations of salts, chemicals used in water treatment, and suspended solids, which can have negative environmental impacts if not managed properly. Decowraps needs to know the physicochemical characteristics of this wastewater in order to propose sustainable strategies that include treatment and possible reuse.Ítem Diagnóstico y Propuesta de Mejora para el Componente Atmosférico Interno y Recurso Agua en la Fabricación de Pellets de la Empresa CARBOCOM CL S.A.S(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Pérez Castillo , Laura Sofía; López Santana, Edgar Leonardo; Mojica Hernández, Matha LucíaThis thesis was developed at CARBOCOM CL S.A.S., a company dedicated to the production of smart plastic compounds. The purpose of this thesis was to diagnose and propose improvement alternatives for two critical environmental components: indoor air quality and the efficient use of water resources in the pellet manufacturing process. The methodology implemented was structured in four phases: characterization, diagnosis, document review, and proposal design, integrating field observation, regulatory analysis, and technical calculation tools. In the indoor atmospheric component, five main sources of pollution were identified (calcium carbonate dosing bag, gates and lids, vehicles in operation, dust accumulation, and poor filters), which generate emissions of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and CO₂. Although direct measurements were not possible due to technical limitations, proposals were designed based on the EPA-recommended source control strategy, accompanied by an indoor air quality (IAQ) index model adapted to national and international regulations, to establish reference limits and guidelines for future monitoring. Regarding the water component, the existing infrastructure was characterized, and the demand flow and rainwater harvesting capacity were calculated based on IDEAM rainfall data and hydrological equations. The analysis demonstrated the technical feasibility of implementing a rainwater harvesting and storage system by restructuring downpipes, channels, and connections, with sufficient capacity to supply production and cleaning processes, thus reducing dependence on tanker trucks. The results obtained support the relevance of the proposed proposals, which will contribute to optimizing the company's environmental performance and strengthening its operational sustainability. This work also allowed for the application of environmental diagnostic and technical design tools, consolidating professional competencies in environmental sanitation.Ítem Propuesta de identificación de residuos sólidos urbanos para la clasificación en la fuente mediante la técnica de visión artificial(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) López Castiblanco, Luis Jesús; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloThis research proposes the identification and classification of municipal solid waste at the source using artificial vision, aligning to the regulatory classification methodology of resolution 2184 of 2019. A convolutional artificial neural network (ANN) was developed using Teachable Machine, structured in two layers, with an input of 224×224 pixels and 3 RGB channels. The model processed 2600 training images and achieved an accuracy of 80% and a sensitivity of 71%. To optimize classification, labels were grouped according to normative and visual criteria, reducing the categories to 11 labels or classes. The graphical user interface (GUI) facilitated user interaction by allowing real-time identification via camera or analysis of stored images. This solution represents a breakthrough in the management of urban solid waste in Colombia, promoting its correct classification and improving its reincorporation into the circular economy, thus contributing to environmental sustainability.Ítem Análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la degradación de materia orgánica mediante la bioestimulación lumínica en bacterias mesófilas de lodos de agua residual doméstica(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cabrera Ramírez, Miguel Ángel; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucía; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucía [0000-0001-8329-9033]Why is it necessary to focus on sludge and wastewater? Currently, wastewater treatment plants are used throughout the world to reduce pollution in different bodies of water. However, the organic matter present in these plants is often quite difficult to treat. Therefore, more effective and economical methods are increasingly required to help degrade this type of organic matter and prevent it from becoming another source of contamination in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate another alternative in order to streamline the processing of this organic matter or transform it from the ground up in an effective and safe mannerÍtem Apoyo en la gestión ambiental empresarial para la implementación de normativas, evaluación de impactos y política ambiental, en la Empresa COMPLASESA S.A.S. -2025(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) García Puentes , Santiago; Chaves Hurtado , Julian Leonardo; Martínez Abello, Jairo Miguel; Martínez Abello, Jairo Miguel [0000-0003-1791-408X]This internship was conducted at COMPLASESA S.A.S., a company dedicated to the manufacture and marketing of multi-material packaging. The objective was to support corporate environmental management through the implementation of the ISO 14001:2015 standard, environmental impact assessments, and the strengthening of internal environmental policy. A comprehensive analysis of operational areas was conducted, highlighting the development of a matrix of environmental aspects and impacts that guided the actions of the Environmental Management Plan. The methodology included diagnostic assessment, document updating, checklists, and coordination for proper waste disposal. Despite limitations such as the lack of updated technical data, progress was made in the formulation of environmental improvement proposals. The results allowed for the identification of significant impacts and the definition of mitigation measures, promoting more sustainable production consistent with the company's mission and vision.Ítem Optimización del Sistema Integral de Gestión en Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Sandoval Rojas, Wendy Valentina; Martínez Abello, Jairo Miguel; Martínez Abello; Jairo Miguel [0000-0003-1791-408X]Alimentos Cárnicos S.A.S from Nutresa group is well known for its products diversity, since cold meats and sausages until vegetables alternatives. But not only its products but its sustainable commitment and operational excellence is why this organization stands out. This project is focused on improving activities into the sourcing area through analyzing integrated management system, the development of training programs, and the promotion of the constant upgrading quality, environment, and security. The results included a reduction in the strange material risks, and in raw material waste, the strengthening of a preventive culture and the consolidation of training spaces, demonstrating that constant training and data-driven decision making are key to maintaining operational excellence in large organizations.Ítem Acompañamiento a la gestión del área HSEQ en la Empresa BSI Colombia - 2025(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Trejos Gañán, Juan Estevan; Martínez Abello, Jairo Miguel; Martínez Abello; Jairo Miguel [0000-0003-1791-408X]This documents the development of an academic internship carried out at BSI Colombia S.A. during 2025, aimed at supporting the management of the HSEQ area (Health, Safety, Environment, and Quality). The activities focused on strengthening the Integrated Management System through regulatory compliance verification, implementation of the Strategic Road Safety Plan, adjustment of technical documentation, and development of training and awareness strategies for employees. These efforts led to significant progress in information systematization, improved document management, and the strengthening of the company's commitment to occupational and environmental well-being. This work represents a valuable technical and educational contribution for audits, continuous improvement plans, and the maintenance of integrated management systems in service sector organizations.Ítem Aplicabilidad de los parámetros técnicos de macro y micro localización en estaciones de monitoreo tipo tráfico para fuentes lineales en las localidades de Tunjuelito y Ciudad Bolívar de Bogotá D.C.(Universidad Francisco José de Caldas) Cabarcas Ramos , Natalia Andrea; Murad Pedraza, José Alejandro; Murad Pedraza, José Alejandro [0000-0003-4211-2601]This document presents a technical study on micro and macro-scale siting for the installation of traffic-type air quality monitoring stations in the localities of Tunjuelito and Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá D.C. The objective is to strengthen the Air Quality Surveillance System by identifying strategic points to measure air pollutants from mobile sources, such as PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO₂, SO₂, and black carbon. The research was conducted as part of an academic internship and is based on national and international regulations, including Resolution 2154 of 2010 and CFR 40 Part 58. The document includes technical siting criteria, road network characterization, station prototypes, and cost estimates for implementation.Ítem Estrategias de entornos saludables a las familias de una finca avícola en la vereda Antioquia en mesitas del colegio(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Cardenas Vasquéz , Yessenia; Quiroga Vasquéz , Rubio Alejandro; Mojica Hernández , Martha Lucia; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucia [0000-0001-8329-9033]In this monograph, different sanitary problems were studied in the Las Tangas poultry farm located in the municipality of Mesita del Colegio in the Antioquia village at kilometer 7, where the entire population and its environment were analyzed to find the state of vulnerability due to the unhealthy conditions that are perceived in that area. This location presents several difficulties regarding basic sanitation services, due to its location in a rural area and far from the urban center. Therefore, according to the characterization and diagnosis of the place, different problems were found that affect the quality of life and the environment in which they live. For this reason, healthy environment strategies were developed to mitigate the environmental impact, improve the health and living conditions of the community, and all the information was included in an educational manual with all the strategies developed, thus achieving an easy access for the community through playful activities, images and summarized and easy-to-understand information.Ítem Diseñar el manual de operación de la planta de pirolisis de madera y plastico en Terra zan S.A.S. E.S.P.Gómez Jaramillo, Paula Andrea; Russi Fandiño, Jorge Alejandro; Rodriguez Miranda, Juan PabloThe internship at Terra Zan S.A.S. E.S.P., a Colombian company specializing in waste treatment, focused on improving the management of plastics and wood using pyrolysis technology. Given the lack of a manual and operating protocol for the pyrolytic reactor, a preliminary diagnosis was conducted, flaws were identified, and improvements were proposed. An operating manual and strategies were designed to optimize the process, contributing to environmental sustainability and aligning it with the principles of the circular economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Ítem Plan de negocio para una empresa dedicada a la transformación y comercialización de plástico pet triturado para disminuir la contaminación en Bosa PorvenirDuarte, Miguel Angel; Martinez Abello, Jairo MiguelThis project aims to structure a business plan for the creation of the company Industries Duarte de Colombia S.A.S., focused on the mechanical transformation (Crushing) of PET plastic by means of a crushing machine designed and manufactured by the student author of this project into granules. of different sizes, between 3-6 mm of PET plastic as semi-finished raw material for various industrial production processes. This project tends to become a solution to two problems, the unbridled generation of solid waste that causes public health problems and the social problem of unemployment due to the absence of job offers in the El Porvenir neighborhood (Bosa). The methodology used to achieve the objectives outlined in this business plan, was carried out based on different entities such as the Bogotá Chamber of Commerce, Bogotá emprende and law firm guides, taking the data that best suited the formulation of our business idea, which allowed us to synthesize this project in all its stages. Once all the information consulted was compiled, the business plan was established in various modules in an orderly manner, in such a way that they are articulated in a structure of general information, administrative part, legal aspects, market analysis, technical-operative aspects and topics. financial, that once analyzed together, it is possible to determine the economic viability of the business idea, which allows it to be implemented by being supported by projected profits in the short, medium and long term.Ítem Elaboración del programa de manejo integral de residuos sólidos ordinarios para el conjunto residencial Terrazas de Oriente de la localidad de San Cristóbal, Bogotá D.C.(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Forero Beltrán, Santiago Andrés; López Cruz, Oscar Daniel; Rodríguez Miranda, Juan PabloThis study develops a regular solid waste management program for the Terrazas de Oriente residential complex in the San Cristóbal locality of Bogotá, D.C., with the goal of reducing the environmental impact of inadequate disposal. The collection room was properly georeferenced and a preliminary study was conducted for the residential complex, along with a community census and waste characterization through gauging and quartering. As part of the program, awareness campaigns, community training, and a proposal for adapting the collection room were implemented in compliance with RAS Title F regulations . The results highlight the importance of environmental education, community participation, and infrastructure optimization to improve waste management in residential settings.Ítem Formulación del plan de saneamiento básico para la planta de Alimentos Cárnicos - BogotáCorrea Romero, Stephanie; Hernández Puentes, Nikol; Corradine Mora, Diego Tómas; Corradine Mora; Diego Tómas [0000-0002-5840-6957]A basic sanitation plan is essential for establishments and industries that, as mentioned in Resolution 2674 of 2013 (MINSA, 2013), manufacture, process, pack, package, store and sell food or its raw materials, because it reduces the risk of food contamination. The Alimentos Cárnicos plant is one of the leading processed food companies in Colombia, specializing in the production and marketing of deli meats, including sausages, brewers, and hamburgers.Ítem Apoyo en el diseño del proceso de seguridad y salud en el trabajo basado en la NTC ISO 45001:2018(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Figueredo Martín, Paula Andrea; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucía; Mojica Hernández; Martha Lucía [0000-0001-8329-9033]SUPPORT IN THE DESIGN OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCESS BASED ON NTC ISO 45001:2018 was developed during an internship within the integrated management system of Laboratorios Dr. Calderón. This work focuses on the creation and implementation of an occupational health and safety system that complies with the international standard NTC ISO 45001:2018. The process involved a thorough review of existing documentation, as well as the design and execution of corrective actions, in addition to the development of a performance indicator system to monitor progress toward regulatory compliance. The requirements established in sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 were addressed, which encompass organizational context, leadership and active participation of workers, appropriate planning of actions, and necessary support to achieve proposed objectives. The overall aim of the project was to facilitate the design of the Occupational Health and Safety Process (P-SST) in accordance with ISO 45001:2018, specifically concerning the aforementioned sections within the laboratory. Specific objectives included reviewing current documentation, making necessary modifications to the document base to comply with these sections, and creating performance indicators that allow for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented measures. The work plan outlined projected and executed activities to achieve the overall objective, including a detailed review of the standard, identification of applicable documents, pertinent modifications to ensure compliance, and effective development of indicators reflecting regulatory adherence. The results obtained from the project consisted of a comprehensive analysis regarding NTC ISO 45001:2018, as well as designing a specific format to demonstrate such compliance and effectively implementing key indicators. Substantial modifications were made to existing documentation to ensure its alignment with current regulatory requirements while also establishing indicators aimed at monitoring such compliance. Finally, the document includes conclusions and recommendations highlighting both the initial critical state regarding organizational documentation and actions taken to rectify identified deficiencies. Furthermore, it emphasizes a significant improvement in regulatory compliance following the implementation of suggested corrective actions. It is recommended that a thorough review be completed regarding pending sections corresponding to NTC ISO 45001:2018 and that training be provided for personnel on fundamental principles established by this standard.Ítem Evaluación de la eficiencia de adsorción de la cáscara de coco para la remoción del colorante amarillo ocaso FCF en aguas de un proceso industrial simulado(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Villalba, María Alexandra; Guerra Rodriguez, JayerthThere are over 100,000 different types of dyes used in various industries around the world, including the food, cosmetics, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. This wide range of applications makes dyes compounds of significant interest from a public health perspective, as their release into surface water bodies through industrial discharges can have detrimental effects on the environment. One such dye of concern is Sunset Yellow FCF, which is extensively used in food products, preservatives, liqueurs, cosmetics, confectionery, soft drinks, and a variety of other items. Due to its complex chemical composition, Sunset Yellow FCF has been classified as a toxic substance that poses a threat to public health, particularly in terms of its impact on water quality and overall health (Kong et al., 2017). In response to these concerns, environmentally sustainable technologies such as bioadsorption have emerged as promising alternatives for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with dyes of this type. Bioadsorption offers several advantages over conventional treatment methods, including reduced costs and the utilization of agricultural waste materials (e.g., fruit and vegetable peels, leaves) as adsorbents. The present study aims to evaluate the bioadsorption efficiency of coconut husk in removing Sunset Yellow FCF dye from simulated industrial wastewater. Coconut husk, a readily available and low-cost agricultural waste material, holds potential as an effective bioadsorbent for dye removal due to its high surface area and presence of functional groups that can bind to dye molecules. The aforementioned approach involves standardizing the analytical technique for UV spectrophotometric determination of the dye, followed by a series of batch tests under varying conditions of temperature, pH, agitation time, adsorbent material, particle size, and dye concentration. These tests aim to identify the optimal parameters for the bioadsorption of the target dye. Subsequently, the batch test with the highest dye removal efficiency is employed in a continuous fixed-bed column experiment. Coconut husk was utilized as the bioadsorbent in this study, achieving a remarkable dye removal percentage of 99.002% in batch tests. This exceptional performance was further validated in the continuous fixed-bed column experiment, where a dye removal efficiency of 98.021% was obtained. Finally, the adsorption capacity of coconut husk was further evaluated using a simulated wastewater solution representative of a canned food product. This experiment yielded promising results, with a dye removal efficiency of 97.914%. This outcome strongly supports the potential of coconut husk as an effective bioadsorbent for dye removal from various industrial wastewater streams.Ítem Apoyo en el desarrollo de las actividades en la planta de tratamiento de agua residual PTAR FunzaCortés Hernández , Kevin Rolando; Rodríguez Miranda , Juan PabloSupport at the Funza Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) focuses on ensuring the proper functioning of the treatment system. This includes process monitoring, preventive maintenance of equipment, personnel training, and proper waste management. In addition, environmental awareness is promoted in the community, emphasizing the importance of responsible water management. These actions are key to ensuring effective and sustainable wastewater treatment in the region.Ítem Apoyo a la inspeccion, vigilancia y control sanitario de los establecimientos especiales de comercio e industria en el municipio de CotaMora Valero , Mariana de los Angeles; Mojica Hernández , Martha Lucia; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucia [0000-0001-8329-9033]This internship took place in the municipality of Cota, Cundinamarca, a growing economic center that houses a diversity of companies. Given industrial and commercial expansion, it is imperative to ensure compliance with environmental regulations to protect natural resources and public health. The main objective of this internship was to collaborate with the health surveillance and control activities of the Mayor's Office of Cota, through inspections of companies from various sectors. During 192 hours, 45 visits were made to verify compliance with Law 9 of 1979. The inspections revealed that, although many companies have implemented sustainable practices, there are areas of opportunity to improve waste management, water consumption, discharges, and the worker safety system. Based on the findings, some environmental challenges facing the municipality are identified and recommendations are proposed to strengthen the environmental management system.Ítem Análisis de la generación y caracterización física de los residuos sólidos de los clústers comerciales de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en la ciudad de Bogotá.(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Moreno Hernández, Mebelem Islena; Rodriguez Miranda, Juan PabloThis work contains information on what was carried out in the joint field work with the special administrative unit of public services (UAESP). Information is found such as the location of the solid waste generation points in the commercial clusters of the town of Ciudad Bolívar, as well as graphs showing the behavior of this waste at the points and information on technologies for its use.Ítem Revisión y análisis comparativo de los proyectos de investigación dirigidos al control alternativo de plagas realizados en el semillero Zoovector(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Beltrán Ruiz, Cristian Felipe; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás [0000-0002-5840-6957]Vector control is one of the biggest problems worldwide. The different types of existing conventional controls can generate problems for the environment and human health, which is why the research hotbed Zoovector has carried out different studies in the searCorradine Mora, Diego Tomásch for effective controls that in turn generate less impact, both environmentally and human health.Ítem Implementación de estrategias de control de moscas mediante el uso de un repelente natural a base de extracto eucalipto (eucalyptus globulus) en el barrio mochuelo alto(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Morales Vargas, Nicolle Karina; Diaz Ozorio, Brenda Sofia; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas [0000-0002-5840-6957]The present study focused on the development of a natural repellent based on eucalyptus extract (Eucalyptus globulus) to control the fly population. The study was conducted in the Mochuelo Alto neighborhood, Bogotá, due to its proximity to the Doña Juana garbage landfill in the Ciudad Bolívar locality. During the research, environmental issues caused by the landfill were identified through the implementation of surveys, particularly in the realm of health, including respiratory and skin diseases caused by the proliferation of vectors such as flies and rodents. Additionally, there is evidence of a lack of attention from the CGR (Landfill Management Center) towards the community. This leads to an evaluation of the few guarantees that the neighborhood residents have for living decently. Throughout the process, homes within the study area were selected to apply the repellent, using different concentrations of eucalyptus extract (5%, 10%, and 15%). Subsequently, comparisons were made between the results obtained with each concentration, verifying the effectiveness of the repellent against black garbage flies (Hydrotaea aenescens), using a humidifier as the application method. The use of the repellent is examined to assess whether it contributes to reducing health risks for the population, while also aiming to determine the potential presence of side effects in individuals. It is crucial to consider that the concentration of eucalyptus essential oil has shown its effectiveness in repelling flies, albeit with certain variations depending on the behavior of the insects and the application method of the repellent. It was found that the repellent time of eucalyptus extract varied according to its concentration. On average, these were the results: at a concentration of 5%, repellency lasted 17 minutes; increased to 26 minutes at 10%, and reached 46 minutes at 15%. Additionally, the conducted survey showed that the eucalyptus-based repellent does not present secondary effects in the households where it was tested.