Tecnología en Saneamiento Ambiental

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/2020

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Formulación del plan de saneamiento básico para la planta de Alimentos Cárnicos - Bogotá
Correa Romero, Stephanie; Hernández Puentes, Nikol; Corradine Mora, Diego Tómas; Corradine Mora; Diego Tómas [0000-0002-5840-6957]
A basic sanitation plan is essential for establishments and industries that, as mentioned in Resolution 2674 of 2013 (MINSA, 2013), manufacture, process, pack, package, store and sell food or its raw materials, because it reduces the risk of food contamination. The Alimentos Cárnicos plant is one of the leading processed food companies in Colombia, specializing in the production and marketing of deli meats, including sausages, brewers, and hamburgers.
Apoyo en el diseño del proceso de seguridad y salud en el trabajo basado en la NTC ISO 45001:2018
(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas) Figueredo Martín, Paula Andrea; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucía; Mojica Hernández; Martha Lucía [0000-0001-8329-9033]
SUPPORT IN THE DESIGN OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCESS BASED ON NTC ISO 45001:2018 was developed during an internship within the integrated management system of Laboratorios Dr. Calderón. This work focuses on the creation and implementation of an occupational health and safety system that complies with the international standard NTC ISO 45001:2018. The process involved a thorough review of existing documentation, as well as the design and execution of corrective actions, in addition to the development of a performance indicator system to monitor progress toward regulatory compliance. The requirements established in sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 were addressed, which encompass organizational context, leadership and active participation of workers, appropriate planning of actions, and necessary support to achieve proposed objectives. The overall aim of the project was to facilitate the design of the Occupational Health and Safety Process (P-SST) in accordance with ISO 45001:2018, specifically concerning the aforementioned sections within the laboratory. Specific objectives included reviewing current documentation, making necessary modifications to the document base to comply with these sections, and creating performance indicators that allow for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented measures. The work plan outlined projected and executed activities to achieve the overall objective, including a detailed review of the standard, identification of applicable documents, pertinent modifications to ensure compliance, and effective development of indicators reflecting regulatory adherence. The results obtained from the project consisted of a comprehensive analysis regarding NTC ISO 45001:2018, as well as designing a specific format to demonstrate such compliance and effectively implementing key indicators. Substantial modifications were made to existing documentation to ensure its alignment with current regulatory requirements while also establishing indicators aimed at monitoring such compliance. Finally, the document includes conclusions and recommendations highlighting both the initial critical state regarding organizational documentation and actions taken to rectify identified deficiencies. Furthermore, it emphasizes a significant improvement in regulatory compliance following the implementation of suggested corrective actions. It is recommended that a thorough review be completed regarding pending sections corresponding to NTC ISO 45001:2018 and that training be provided for personnel on fundamental principles established by this standard.
Evaluación de la eficiencia de adsorción de la cáscara de coco para la remoción del colorante amarillo ocaso FCF en aguas de un proceso industrial simulado
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Romero Villalba, María Alexandra; Guerra Rodriguez, Jayerth
There are over 100,000 different types of dyes used in various industries around the world, including the food, cosmetics, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. This wide range of applications makes dyes compounds of significant interest from a public health perspective, as their release into surface water bodies through industrial discharges can have detrimental effects on the environment. One such dye of concern is Sunset Yellow FCF, which is extensively used in food products, preservatives, liqueurs, cosmetics, confectionery, soft drinks, and a variety of other items. Due to its complex chemical composition, Sunset Yellow FCF has been classified as a toxic substance that poses a threat to public health, particularly in terms of its impact on water quality and overall health (Kong et al., 2017). In response to these concerns, environmentally sustainable technologies such as bioadsorption have emerged as promising alternatives for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with dyes of this type. Bioadsorption offers several advantages over conventional treatment methods, including reduced costs and the utilization of agricultural waste materials (e.g., fruit and vegetable peels, leaves) as adsorbents. The present study aims to evaluate the bioadsorption efficiency of coconut husk in removing Sunset Yellow FCF dye from simulated industrial wastewater. Coconut husk, a readily available and low-cost agricultural waste material, holds potential as an effective bioadsorbent for dye removal due to its high surface area and presence of functional groups that can bind to dye molecules. The aforementioned approach involves standardizing the analytical technique for UV spectrophotometric determination of the dye, followed by a series of batch tests under varying conditions of temperature, pH, agitation time, adsorbent material, particle size, and dye concentration. These tests aim to identify the optimal parameters for the bioadsorption of the target dye. Subsequently, the batch test with the highest dye removal efficiency is employed in a continuous fixed-bed column experiment. Coconut husk was utilized as the bioadsorbent in this study, achieving a remarkable dye removal percentage of 99.002% in batch tests. This exceptional performance was further validated in the continuous fixed-bed column experiment, where a dye removal efficiency of 98.021% was obtained. Finally, the adsorption capacity of coconut husk was further evaluated using a simulated wastewater solution representative of a canned food product. This experiment yielded promising results, with a dye removal efficiency of 97.914%. This outcome strongly supports the potential of coconut husk as an effective bioadsorbent for dye removal from various industrial wastewater streams.
Apoyo en el desarrollo de las actividades en la planta de tratamiento de agua residual PTAR Funza
Cortés Hernández , Kevin Rolando; Rodríguez Miranda , Juan Pablo
Support at the Funza Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) focuses on ensuring the proper functioning of the treatment system. This includes process monitoring, preventive maintenance of equipment, personnel training, and proper waste management. In addition, environmental awareness is promoted in the community, emphasizing the importance of responsible water management. These actions are key to ensuring effective and sustainable wastewater treatment in the region.
Apoyo a la inspeccion, vigilancia y control sanitario de los establecimientos especiales de comercio e industria en el municipio de Cota
Mora Valero , Mariana de los Angeles; Mojica Hernández , Martha Lucia; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucia [0000-0001-8329-9033]
This internship took place in the municipality of Cota, Cundinamarca, a growing economic center that houses a diversity of companies. Given industrial and commercial expansion, it is imperative to ensure compliance with environmental regulations to protect natural resources and public health. The main objective of this internship was to collaborate with the health surveillance and control activities of the Mayor's Office of Cota, through inspections of companies from various sectors. During 192 hours, 45 visits were made to verify compliance with Law 9 of 1979. The inspections revealed that, although many companies have implemented sustainable practices, there are areas of opportunity to improve waste management, water consumption, discharges, and the worker safety system. Based on the findings, some environmental challenges facing the municipality are identified and recommendations are proposed to strengthen the environmental management system.
Análisis de la generación y caracterización física de los residuos sólidos de los clústers comerciales de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en la ciudad de Bogotá.
(Universidad Francisco Jose de Caldas) Moreno Hernández, Mebelem Islena; Rodriguez Miranda, Juan Pablo
This work contains information on what was carried out in the joint field work with the special administrative unit of public services (UAESP). Information is found such as the location of the solid waste generation points in the commercial clusters of the town of Ciudad Bolívar, as well as graphs showing the behavior of this waste at the points and information on technologies for its use.
Revisión y análisis comparativo de los proyectos de investigación dirigidos al control alternativo de plagas realizados en el semillero Zoovector
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Beltrán Ruiz, Cristian Felipe; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomás [0000-0002-5840-6957]
Vector control is one of the biggest problems worldwide. The different types of existing conventional controls can generate problems for the environment and human health, which is why the research hotbed Zoovector has carried out different studies in the searCorradine Mora, Diego Tomásch for effective controls that in turn generate less impact, both environmentally and human health.
Implementación de estrategias de control de moscas mediante el uso de un repelente natural a base de extracto eucalipto (eucalyptus globulus) en el barrio mochuelo alto
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Morales Vargas, Nicolle Karina; Diaz Ozorio, Brenda Sofia; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas [0000-0002-5840-6957]
The present study focused on the development of a natural repellent based on eucalyptus extract (Eucalyptus globulus) to control the fly population. The study was conducted in the Mochuelo Alto neighborhood, Bogotá, due to its proximity to the Doña Juana garbage landfill in the Ciudad Bolívar locality. During the research, environmental issues caused by the landfill were identified through the implementation of surveys, particularly in the realm of health, including respiratory and skin diseases caused by the proliferation of vectors such as flies and rodents. Additionally, there is evidence of a lack of attention from the CGR (Landfill Management Center) towards the community. This leads to an evaluation of the few guarantees that the neighborhood residents have for living decently. Throughout the process, homes within the study area were selected to apply the repellent, using different concentrations of eucalyptus extract (5%, 10%, and 15%). Subsequently, comparisons were made between the results obtained with each concentration, verifying the effectiveness of the repellent against black garbage flies (Hydrotaea aenescens), using a humidifier as the application method. The use of the repellent is examined to assess whether it contributes to reducing health risks for the population, while also aiming to determine the potential presence of side effects in individuals. It is crucial to consider that the concentration of eucalyptus essential oil has shown its effectiveness in repelling flies, albeit with certain variations depending on the behavior of the insects and the application method of the repellent. It was found that the repellent time of eucalyptus extract varied according to its concentration. On average, these were the results: at a concentration of 5%, repellency lasted 17 minutes; increased to 26 minutes at 10%, and reached 46 minutes at 15%. Additionally, the conducted survey showed that the eucalyptus-based repellent does not present secondary effects in the households where it was tested.
Hilos sostenibles: apoyo a la ejecución del plan institucional de gestión ambiental en la entidad de artesanías de Colombia S.A-BIC
Rozo Chiquiza, Laura Lisbeth; Mojica Hernandez, Martha Lucia
Humans have historically consumed natural resources out of necessity, comfort, and fashion, leading to the excessive exploitation of land, water, and air. To mitigate this impact, it is essential to adopt a responsible and collective approach to consumption, reducing the unnecessary use of resources and non-biodegradable products. This includes concrete measures such as reducing water and energy consumption through efficient technologies and repairing leaks, as well as promoting the proper reuse and recycling of materials. Programmes to reduce single-use plastics and training for correct waste separation at the source are fundamental in decreasing our environmental footprint and conserving natural resources.
Implementar la dimensión ambiental en el instituto para el desarrollo de las inteligencias múltiples en el municipio de Funza Cundinamarca.
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldás) Pulido Garzon, Daniela Alejandra; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucia; Mojica Hernández, Martha Lucia [0000-0001-8329-9033]
This final report summarizes the internship experience carried out at the Institute for the Development of Multiple Intelligences, as an integral part of my training in environmental sanitation technology. The objective was to apply the knowledge acquired during my career in a practical context, specifically providing support to the institute's environmental pedagogy. During the internship, he actively collaborated in enriching the school curriculum through the integration of school environmental projects. These projects are designed with the purpose of strengthening environmental education, combining elements such as scientific knowledge, research, critical reflection and participatory action. The primary focus was to protect the environment and promote sustainable development, thus achieving very favorable results. One of the main conclusions obtained is that environmental projects schoolchildren generated a deep sense of belonging within the community educational. This translated into greater awareness about the importance of care and environmental conservation, as well as greater social participation and citizenship by students and other community members. In short, the internship not only provided the opportunity to apply knowledge theoretical in a practical environment, but also allowed us to contribute significant to the strengthening of environmental education at the Institute for the Development of Multiple Intelligences and its community environment.
Evaluación del efecto larvicida del extracto etanólico de Illicium verum (anís estrellado) sobre larvas de cuarto estadio de Aedes aegypti en condiciones de laboratorio
Avella Hernández, Santiago; Amaya oñate, Juan Camilo; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas; Corradine Mora, Diego Tomas [0000-0002-5840-6957]
The search for chemical control alternatives against the Aedes aegypti mosquito is a topic of public health interest. In this project, the larvicidal effect of Illicium verum (star anise) extract was studied. The extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol as solvent. To determine the larvicidal action, bioassays were performed in which stage IV larvae of Aedes aegypti were exposed to different concentrations which were 10 ppm, 13.5 ppm, 17.5 ppm and 20 ppm and mortality controls were also performed at intervals of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours where mortalities were obtained at 48 hours of 9% with a concentration of 10 ppm, 46% for 13.5ppm, up to a mortality of 100% with concentrations of 17.5 and 20 ppm at 24 hours. By means of logarithmic regression, the effective lethal doses in the biological assays were estimated, obtaining LC 50 with a value of 13.38 ppm and LC 90 with a concentration of 17.71 ppm
Elaboración del programa de Manejo Integral de Residuos Sólidos Ordinarios para el conjunto Bonaire de la localidad de Engativá, Bogotá D.C
Mora Caicedo, Vanessa Alejandra; Diaz Rincón, Dayane Stefany; Rodriguez Miranda, Juan Pablo
The purpose of this monograph is to elaborate the program for the Integral Management of Ordinary Solid Waste (MIRS) of the Bonaire Residential Complex with the help of tools for the characterization and quantification of the ordinary solid waste belonging to the inhabitants of the complex, in addition to carrying out awareness-raising activities for the inhabitants on the premise of the proper management and disposal of solid waste.
Mejora e implementación del proyecto ambiental del Instituto Bolivariano Soacha (Cundinamarca)
Acosta Carranza, Julieth Katerine; Mojica Hernandez, Martha Lucia; Mojica Hernandez, Martha Lucia [0000-0001-8329-9033]
Within the work of environmental sanitation technologists, is contributing and collaborating with the community to carry out strategies, programs, projects and various activities aimed at improving the quality of the environment. The present work was developed with the purpose of updating and adjusting the PRAE document of the Bolivarian Institute in the municipality of Soacha, initially the document that the institute has was read and the shortcomings, opportunities for improvement and activities to be implemented were found, reason for which the objective is to carry out a good diagnosis of the institution and improve the environmental project. The environmental program of the Bolivarian Institute aims to train conscious environmental leaders who, through extensive experience and applied scientific methods, become aware of the research and conservation of the environment by making them aware, different workshops and activities were carried out with grades 6 °, 7th and 8th on responsible consumption, solid waste management and how they are classified, global warming, responsible water consumption among others and thus be able to propose solutions to environmental problems in their communities.
Elaboración de la guía técnica para el monitoreo de material particulado PM10 Y PM2.5
Fonnegra Acosta, Diego Alejandro; Mojica Hérnandez, Martha Lucia; Martha Lucia Mojica Hérnandez [0000-0001-8329-9033]
The topics of atmospheric emissions and air quality are very important for students of environmental curricular projects such as TSA, these topics are broad which makes learning and teaching methodology difficult; so sometimes students can finish these courses with some gaps in these topics. Because of this, it was decided to develop a simple and concise technical guide to illustrate the procedure of calibration, verification and operation of air quality equipment, which are the Wilbur Tisch and the BAM 1020 to achieve a better approach to the use of this equipment and complement what was seen in theory.
Propuesta de diseño de una red de acueducto convencional para el desarrollo urbanístico del barrio ilegal Portal de Cali, ubicado entre las localidades de Kennedy y Bosa
Ramírez Torres, Arlet Tatiana; Agualimpia, Yolima
We propose to design a drinking water distribution network to solve sanitary problems in the Portal de Cali neighborhood, located in the southwest of Bogota, since it is an illegal urban development which has different problems; one of them is the lack of a functional aqueduct system, where the inhabitants lack a drinking water distribution system. Currently, the community accesses the water resource through handmade aqueduct networks, whose hydraulics do not meet the minimum standards of pressure, velocity and water quality, which has caused a sanitary detriment in the sector and the overconsumption of this resource by the industries. In this way, with the help of the indicators classified in categories: environmental, urban, sociocultural, economic and political-institutional, the work of legal recognition is carried out according to the requirements of the neighborhood for its legalization in terms of drinking water supply; and field analysis of the study population by means of surveys, elaboration of an urban census, participation in conjunction with the community. Since, these parameters contribute to the solution of the problem in support with the leader of the community who is presented with an aqueduct network that meets the criteria of water luxury according to resolution 0330 of 2017, which is modeled through the EPANET and AutoCA programs.
Mapeo SIG y educación ambiental en la gestión de caninos en la zona urbana de Fosca cundinamarca
Riveros Morales, Marlon David; López López, Jhon Fredy
This report thoroughly documents each stage of the internship developed in the municipal mayor's office of Fosca Cundinamarca, where activities related to environmental education and the responsible management of pets in the urban area were developed, characterization of canines in the direction of the development office agriculture and environment. The main objective was focused to promote a greater degree of environmental awareness among the inhabitants of the municipality, various activities were carried out such as the preparation of brochures delivered to the population and training carried out for the students of the departmental school.
Adecuación del laboratorio de tratamientos de agua 404, con sistemas a escala de laboratorio para tratamiento de agua potable y agua residual
Vásquez Hernández, Andrés Felipe; Gil Garnica, Juan Sebastian; Mojica, Martha Lucia; 0000-0001-8329-9033
The objective of this document is to present the activities and learning acquired throughout the internship carried out within the Francisco District University José de Caldas, in laboratory 404, as a Sanitation Technology student Environmental. The development is framed in the conditioning of spaces and furniture suitable for the correct functioning of the equipment that will make up the academic space of drinking and waste water treatment systems on a laboratory scale which will have a flow rate of 10 L/min, in addition, it will have variables that allow altering the amount of flow rate used, in these systems it will be possible to visualize what happens in each component that It is made up of it, this in order to allow adequate academic experimentation of the treatment systems by students and their respective analysis. Therefore, the laboratory will have different equipment and elements to strengthen the learning such as the Jar test, analytical balances, reagents and other equipment complementary.
Minimización del impacto medio ambiental causado por la inadecuada disposición de residuos sólidos por los residentes del sector Villa Mateo, Soacha, Cundinamarca
Chia Tique, Angel Eduardo; Peña Gonzalez, Natalia; Peñaranda Galvis, Vidal Fernando; 0000-0002-0943-4492
Urban solid waste has decomposition processes that favor the emission of polluting products that can be a potential risk to the environment and health, so its proper disposal is essential to mitigate the possible conditions that may result from its mismanagement. In the Villas de San Mateo neighborhood, in the municipality of Soacha, the inhabitants of the sector have used two light poles as a deposit for their waste, which has caused the presence of insects, rodents and unpleasant odors during the decomposition of this waste, that affect the health and well-being of the community. The objective of this analysis is aimed at providing a solution to this problem, which makes it necessary to implement appropriate waste management measures and, in turn, carry out awareness campaigns to inform residents about the dangers of accumulation and inadequate separation of solid waste. The resolution of this situation will improve the environmental environment, protect the health of residents and promote a cleaner and safer environment in the sector. The active participation and collaboration of all the actors involved will be key to achieving positive results in solid waste management and environmental preservation.
Apoyo a las actividades técnicas que se adelantan en el marco de la operación del Sistema de Vigilancia de Calidad del Aire de la Universidad Distrital - SVCAUD
Lozada Rondón, Julián David; Murad Pedraza, José Alejandro; 0000-0003-4211-2601
The Universidad Distrital F.J.C. has an air quality laboratory on its property, which serves the academic community in the formulation of research projects associated with problems and phenomena presented by the air component in the city of Bogota. For this purpose, the laboratory has high-tech equipment for the measurement, monitoring and modeling of the different pollutants and meteorological variables to be assessed, such as PM 10 or PM 2.5, temperature and precipitation, respectively. To learn about the behavior of pollutants in the city of Bogotá, the air quality laboratory of the Universidad Distrital has an Air Quality Monitoring System. This system is made up of 3 stations located at the different university sites. Once the necessary information on the different pollutants and meteorological variables is collected through the monitoring equipment, this information is reported to a server that has a software capable of handling data and providing reports according to what is required, with the purpose of publishing valid and understandable information on the evolution of the different pollutants and meteorological variables present in the environment of Bogota. Therefore, the development of SVCAUD contributes to the knowledge and the proposal of solutions to the city's atmospheric problems, derived from the information obtained and managed by the system. However, today the Air Quality Monitoring System of the Universidad Distrital, considered as a communicative instrument for the academic community, requires a structural update in its monthly reports, which allows its readers an easy understanding of the information. For this purpose, the reports require a simple description of the equipment and pollutants monitored. Additionally, software is used that allows the selection and adequate implementation of tools contained in the same program to analyze data at convenience, where the objective is to synthesize the collected data into useful and easy-to-understand information. This is consolidated in the preparation and updating of monthly reports. Seen in another way, the information provided in the documents is, roughly speaking, an analysis that seeks to historically correlate such information based on the behavior of the pollutants monitored by SVCAUD. Based on the previous paragraph, the use of programs such as Rstudio, in question for the study, requires libraries and commands (scrip) capable of reading the information provided for the creation of figures and graphs. Example of this, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 monitored in the month of September 2023 and in which are evaluated under national and international regulations, where the days of exceedance are considered under the criteria of the standard adopted by the system itself. From there, the information obtained from the software is implemented in the new structuring of the report or monthly report, along with other descriptions and figures that make the office a robust document based on information related to air quality in the city of Bogota.
Comportamiento del PM10 y PM2.5 para el periodo 2019-2020 en Bogotá D.C. y su estado dentro de los sistemas de vigilancia de calidad del aire para Colombia y Latinoamérica
Mendoza Cardenas, Gennyfer Andrea; Carrillo Orduz, Diana Marcela; Murad Pedraza, Jose Alejandro; 0000-0003-4211-2601
This investigation work addresses the evaluation of the behavior of PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants during the period 2019-2020 in Bogota DC, as well as their condition within the air quality monitoring systems. Through an exhaustive analysis of the 18 stations of the Bogota Air Quality Monitoring Network, three methodological phases were carried out to meet the objectives set. It was evidenced that the confinement due to the pandemic in 2020 had a positive impact on pollutant concentrations, and the need for an integral air quality surveillance system in Colombia was pointed out, given the current insufficient distribution of monitoring stations. Additionally, the status of monitoring systems in Bogotá was compared with other Latin American cities, highlighting disparities in station distribution and the need to improve ambient monitoring infrastructure in the region.

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