Examinando por Materia "Acero - Pruebas"
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Ítem Análisis de la Resistencia a la tensión y dureza de un acero SAE 1045 sometido a diferentes tratamientos térmicos: temple, criogenia y revenido a 400 ºCAlfonso Guzmán, Nicolás; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoCryogenics is the method par excellence used industrially for Different materials at temperatures close to -170ºC producing Change in microstructure not observable at other temperatures. It is well known that metals exposed to high temperatures vary Its physical and mechanical properties; Knowledge is relatively inferior Of the variation of such properties at temperatures below 0, and more specifically less than 100K. To eliminate such a gap, in the university Francisco José de Caldas faculty Technological studies have been carried out on the subject of Cryogenics, showing different types of trials. To continue said Research, the present work aims to show the change of properties Physical and mechanical properties of the cryogenic steel and bringing it to Less than 100 K.Ítem Análisis de la resistencia al desgaste de un acero 1020 templado desde temperatura intercrítica 740 °C y revenido a diferentes temperaturasSánchez Talero, Carlos Enrique; López Suárez, Daniel Camilo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThe purpose of this degree project is to do a 1020 steel microstructure and abrasive wear analysis; the material’s study was carried out from its natural form to a 740°C quenching and different temperatures tempering. That is why this project wants to know the 1020 steel behavior under some wear conditions and hardness phase. There were optic microscope analysis, mass percentage loss, and SEM study and hardness test in order to stablish material properties’ values. For investigative purposes, this material was selected due to its Carbon low content and its common usage in the Colombian industry.Ítem Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de tensión, tenacidad y dureza de un acero SAE 1045 mediante los procesos de tratamiento térmico de temple, criogenia y revenidoPinzón, William Alexander; Ramos Rosero, Gustavo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoPurchased the material was commanded to machine according to standards on which we base, then the heat treatments were performed to then do the tests as tension impact and tenacity for the last to do our analysis of results.Ítem Análisis fractográfico de un acero al carbono SAE 1045 sometido a cargas de tensión, flexión e impactoMedina Silva, Edwin Alberto; Castellanos López, Raúl Andrés; Dueñas Rojas, Jonny RicardoThis project shows the results got from a SAE Steel with and without heat threating subjected with loads of tensión, bend and impact; In which is compared the data with the registered fractography of each specimen through of and estereoscope and sweep electronic microscopy for genereting a relationship associated with the stress changes,mechanical properties and microestructural conditions of the Steel.Ítem Análisis microestructural del tratamiento termoquímico de cementación y temple a temperaturas intercríticas, con revenido posterior, en un acero 1020.Rodríguez Peña, Miguel Ángel; Ramírez Cortés, Christian Camilo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThe present document aims to show the results of a research in which a microstructural characterization of an AISI 1020 steel has been carried out. This steel has previously gone through to a carburizing treatment with a subsequent water quenching. After this, the steel has been submitted to an annealing process at a temperature of 390°C through three different amounts of time: 5, 10 and 15 minutes, being quenched in water afterwards. The aim of this research is to evaluate the microstructural behavior of the base material with the treatment of cementation and tempering at intercritical temperatures, since these are not commonly used in the industry when carrying out such treatments, and the effect of different annealing times using the temperature obtained by calculating a martensite start temperature (Ms). In order to achieve these objectives, after the previous thermal treatments, the samples of treated steel are analyzed microstructurally with a metallographic microscope and this study is complemented with the use of electronic scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the hardness profiles of each one of the samples will be evaluated from the outer edge towards the center, taking into account the phase change of the material after being exposed to the carbon. Finally, the obtained microstructures and the percentage of carbon present in each of them will be analyzed.Ítem Análisis y evaluación de las propiedades microestructurales del acero naval Astm A-131, sometido a prueba de impacto, con tratamiento de temple a temperaturas intercriticas y un revenido A 550 ºcPinilla Algarra, Juan Camilo; De Los Rios Garzón, Fredy Daniel; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis investigation has like main objective to analyze the influence of the tempering and tempering thermal treatments to certain temperatures, to carry out analysis of hardness, microhardness, impact tests and metallographic study, besides to determine the relationship of this change with the mechanical properties of the naval steel astm a-131. To achieve this achievement, tempering heat treatments will be performed using an austenitizing temperature, a holding time and a cooling medium. Afterwards, treatment will be carried out using a high temperature and three times of maintenance. Measures of tenacity and maximum resistance will also be made. The chemical composition was studied using optical emission spectroscopy (oes), the microstructure will be performed by scanning electron microscopy (sem). To demonstrate the comparative analysis will be manufactured 18 test tubes of which 3 will be left untreated thermally, then the remaining machining material will be made a temper and will be left 3 of these for the comparative analysis and finally the remaining probes will be applied a restored at 550 ºc at different times (5, 10, 15, 30) leaving 3 samples for each time. With the above, it is desired to perform a study of microhardness and metallographic analysis in search of martensite in its crystalline structure, all these results in classification will be used to observe the mechanical properties acquired by a shipyard steel astm a131, after the entire process.Ítem Aplicación de la herramienta svm en matlab para la cuantificación de ferrita y perlita en el acero AISI/SAE 1045Salamanca Ramírez, Diego Fernando; Correa Murillo, Luis HernandoThe following project opens a more detailed door to using the SVM support vector machine tool with Kernel gaussiano in matlab for data that is not linearly separable, to classify two metallographic properties, particularly ferrite and pearlite, in addition to working on matlab with image processing through the Image Processing Toolbox on a metallographic image of AISI / SAE 1045 steel in its commercial state through the identification of colors to quantify the amount of ferrite and pearlite present in the steel. The metallographic image to work in matlab is taken from the institutional repository of mechanical engineering degree projects of the Francisco José De Caldas District University of the project Microstructural comparison of 1020, 1045 and 8620 steels tempered from intercritical and tempered temperatures. In general, the analysis of metallographic image processing is done through other software such as statistical R or Excel, likewise the application of the SVM (support vector machine) is also done analytically or through software such as Excel, but In the case of matlab, the use of this tool is not very common, due to this, deepening the study of the SVM tool and the processing of metallographic images in matlab will optimize processes in the study of steels. Usually, matlab can work with the SVM tool for data that are linearly separable, and for data that are not linearly separable, it can make use of different types of Kernel, in this project due to the Cartesian arrangement of the ferrite and pelite points. The Gaussian kernel was worked. It is important to establish that the method to work for the processing of the metallographic image to quantify the amount of ferrite and pearlite is based on the application of the image Processing Toolbox. With this matlab tool, a logical matrix is first established by binarizing the metallographic image In order to determine some characteristics of the colors, the number of pixels determines the quantification of the ferrite and pearlite of the metallographic image for AISI / SAE 1045 steel in its commercial state.Ítem Automatización del análisis cuantitativo de imágenes metalográficas de aceros hipoeutectoidesCastañeda Agudelo, Cristian Camilo; Ramírez Moreno, Andrés Felipe; Forero Casallas, John ForeroThis project presents the development of a software (UDmetaL Handbook) for the quantitative micrographic metallographic analysis of hypoeutectoid steels.The software is able to determine the type of steel according to the percentage of carbon and based on it find the mechanical properties of the material with a database that is incorporated into the software.The software operation is through computational analysis by the digital processing of metallographic images obtained through experimental laboratory processes. The application was developed using NI LabVIEW software from National Instruments® which is a graphical programming environment (G) that uses icons, terminals and cables instead of text to facilitate programming.Ítem Caracterización microestructural de un acero SAE 1045 con un tratamiento termomecanicoAvila Prado, Kevin Santiago; Chaves Olmos, Joan Fernando; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThe purpose of this paper is to study and identify the effects of thermomechanical treatments on SAE 1045 material in coal diffusion, the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of this phenomenon, in addition to defining the sequence of compressive loads and time of thermal treatment, which allows to obtain the closest property values to define an induced transformation in the steel. For the analysis of the mechanical properties of the material, tools such as micro hardness and electron scanning microscopÍtem Comparación microestructural de los aceros 1020, 1045 y 8620 templados a temperaturas intercríticas y revenidosMoreno Sanchez, Sender Nicolas; Español Marroquin, Uriel Alejandro; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis work shows the results of a comparative analysis between the AISI 1020, 1045 and 8620 steels, being quenched at intercritical temperatures and later tempered. Through images obtained by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness tests, the microstructures present in each material are analyzed and identified after each thermal treatment, as well as the volumetric percentages of the phases present in each sample. The results obtained from hardness tests for each material are also analyzed, establishing their relationship with the thermal treatments carried out.Ítem Determinación de la influencia de tiempos de revenido en la resistencia a la tracción de un acero Aisi Sae 1020 tratado térmicamente a temperaturas intercríticasGutiérrez Ramírez, Juan Camilo; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis paper presents a study carried out for AISI SAE 1020 steel, which was subjected to heat treatment of tempering at intercritical temperatures as well as to a tempering with different heating times. An analysis is made of the influence that these thermal treatments exert on the properties of tensile strength for the selected material. An initial hardening effect is observed due to the hardening procedure to which the material is subjected, subsequently an initial positive impact on the tensile strength property is observed in the annealed material, the material subjected to this procedure showing a better performance than The base material. However, as the tempering time increases, the material tends to approach its original state in terms of strength, but retaining a greater degree of deformability. A metallographic analysis allows an approach to the microstructure of the treated material, which is reinforced with a verification in its constituent changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Ítem Digitalización de la estructura metalográfica de un acero simplemente aleado tratado intercríticamenteSalgado Martinez, Andres; Rodriguez Santos, Andres Alberto; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis document presents the objectives to be fulfilled of the project with its respective duration, methodology to follow, budget, sources of financing, etc. The work includes the physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical properties of SAE / AISI 1020 steel available in the Colombian market. It also includes the conditions required for the heat treatment (intercritical annealing) to be applied to steel (SAE / AISI 1020) as is the temperature, the treatment time and the cooling method (water cooling). Additionally, the work carried out for the characterization of the SAE / AISI 1020 + intercritical thermal treatment and the advances in computer simulations by finite elements of the microstructure of some steels in their commercial state, this information will serve as an input element for the development of the project.Ítem Efecto de diferentes porcentajes de deformación sobre un acero con contenido de carbono menor al 0.2% y manganeso mayor al 1.0%Copete Daza, Alfredo Jhoan Sebastian; Gonzalez Duarte, Miguel Angel; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoIn this work, for a steel with content of 0.184% in carbon and 1.141% in manganese, it is intended to determine the influence of plasticity-induced transformation in its properties at the microstructural level before and after being subjected to different percentages of deformation. For this, samples of the compression material were initially deformed with loads between 25 and 40 tons. Subsequently a two-stage heat treatment was carried out, in the first the material was heated for a time of 8 minutes at 750oC, which temperature is 22o above the intercritical temperature Ac1 and corresponds to the transformation point of ferrite-pearlite to ferrite -Astenite. The second stage was to keep the material for 3 minutes at the start temperature of bainitic transformation at 561oC, so that part of the austenite was transformed into martensite. Finally the cooling was carried out at room temperature.Ítem Efecto de las velocidades de enfriamiento sobre la resistencia a la corrosión en juntas soldadas de acero al carbón AISI SAE 1045Paredes Gaviria, Andrés Esteban; Gómez Díaz, Julio César; Dueñas Rojas, Jonny RicardoIn this project were analyzed AISI SAE 1045 steel specimens welded for electric arc to joints T, top and overlap, which through thermographic pictures taken during the welding process and analyzed in the FLIR software temperatures were identified in three points each specimen, one in the melting zone, the other on heat affected zone and the last point in the base material, this allows make cooling graphs respect to time, these results were compared with the TTT diagram of the study material and also with the metallographic analysis were observed and analyzed the micro structural components in the base material was perlite while the fusion zone and the heat affected zone is bainite due to the isothermal transformation from austenite to each specimen type. To conclude this analysis the samples were subjected to non-destructive testing hardness profiles following the norm ASTM E18 and microhardness following the norm ASTM E384, nothing that in the heat affected zone toughness was improved compared with other areas of the material. Finally, was studied the behavior of the samples against corrosion by testing salt spray tested in accordance with ASTM B-117 carried out for a period of one hundred hours thus determining the loss of material in inches lost per year (mpy) concluding that the temperatures reached in the welding process did not influence the corrosion resistance.Ítem Efecto del tratamiento criogénico en la resistencia al impacto y la microestructura de un acero A 572Loaiza Tapiero, Dilan Estidt; Ruiz Murillo, Freddy Alejandro; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out on A 572 steel specimens, which sought to establish the influence of the quenching- cryogenics and tempering thermal treatments on the impact resistance and microstructure of the material. The sequence of treatments was established in this way: 4 specimens were treated in a quenching at 770ºC, 4 specimens in a quenching - cryogenics at 12 hours exposure and tempered at 400ºC, 4 specimens at a quenching - cryogenic at 24 hours exposure and tempering and 4 specimens without treatment. The results indicate that the hardness of the cryogenically treated material at 24 hours increases slightly with respect to the cryogenically treated probe at 12 hours and the untreated material, however, no change in the results of energy absorbed by the material with cryogenic treatment was observed compared the untreated material, because the microstructure of the material, in the tempered martensite grains is further refined and manganese precipitate appears, however, it does not influence the variation of the mechanical properties of the material, except in the hardness.Ítem Estudio comparativo de la resistencia al desgaste adhesivo del acero AISI/SAE 1040 con temple y revenidoAvila Herrera, Juan Camilo; Dueñas Rojas, Jonny RicardoThis project grade is based on the evaluation of adhesive wear of a material widely used in the industry such as AISI / SAE 1040 steel heat treated by quenching and then tempering by a standard test for that purpose called pin on disk , a machine designed to evaluate a specific type of wear such as the adhesive, which is called pin -on-disk tribometer. The trial is governed by the ASTM G99 standard and pin on disk type , so the specimens have to be in the form of discs and pins ; This test is usually based on sliding the pin perpendicular to the disk with a load exerted on this , and by certain formulas adhesive wear is calculated between the two pieces . The main formula for the deduction of adhesive wear mainly takes into account the amount of volume that loses each specimen .Ítem Estudio microestructural del acero pulvimetalúrgico Bohler K390 Microclean a diferentes secuencias de enfriamientoPérez Latorre, Tatiana Carolina; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoIn this study, a microstructural analysis of the Bohler K390 Microclean powder metallurgical steel is carried out at different cooling sequences, in which temperatures and tempering times vary. The analysis consists of a comparison between the samples obtained in relation to percentages of phase and precipitation. of carbides, percentage of each element of alloy present, observation of the geometry of the carbides generated and variation of hardness.Ítem Influencia de la temperatura de precalentamiento en la soldabilidad de un acero doble faseSuárez Rubiano, Jhoan Sebastián; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThe double phase steels present mechanical properties of high strength and ductility due to their ferritic matrix with a variable martensitic phase fraction. In the present study is stablished the influence of the preheating at 250° C and 400° C on the weldability of this type of tempered steel at an intercritical temperature and welded by the bow manual electrode process (LINCOLN GRINOX E 308L-16).From the resulting matrices from AISI SAE 1045 steel where obtained strain gauges, tensile, impact and metallographic samples were obtained in order to identify values corresponding to the mechanical properties obtained in each process. Were analyzed the areas affected by the heat were analyzed and related to the profiles of microhardness of welded joints. The obtained results indicate yield limits, strain values, deformation rates and different types of microstructure for each preheating temperature.Ítem Influencia de la temperatura de revenido en la energía absorbida para un acero 1045 tratado térmicamente desde temperaturas intercríticasPatiño Pérez, Jorge Enrique; Potes Diaz, Paula Andrea; Bohórquez Ávila, Carlos ArturoThis paper determined the behavior of the hardness and energy absorbed on the impact of a SAE 1045 steel by being quenching from intercritical temperatures and tempering above the bainitic transformation temperature with times of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. In addition to This was done the micrographs by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, concluding that For the realized temperings it is found that the energy absorbed to the impact increases significantly with increasing the time of tempering, this is best observed in the tempering done to The tempered specimens from temperatures close to the upper intercritical (AC3)Ítem Influencia de la temperatura de revenido en la velocidad de propagación del sonido en un acero AISI 1045Herrera Cruz, Diego Alejandro; Ortiz Santana, Oscar; Bohórquez Ávila, Calos ArturoThe parameters that influence the heat treatments of steels is a subject of constant research and development, whose importance lies in the correct manipulation and conjugation to obtain quality steels according to the different uses and characteristics desired. The variation in parameters such as temperature, heating and cooling rates, quench atmosphere, cooling medium among others, allows to achieve a desired microstructure, which is directly related to the final mechanical properties of the material such as hardness, tensile strength , Resistance to creep, resistance to fatigue, among the most important. Nowadays academic entities such as the Francisco Jose De Caldas District University, develops studies with variables such as the propagation of sound velocity, which can be influenced at the time of heat treatments specifically the tempering. In the present work, we study the influence Of tempering at temperature equal to Ms and greater at temperature Ms as a function of the time and the cooling medium on the velocity of sound propagation in an AISI 1045 steel