Instructivo para el cálculo de emisiones generadas y evitadas de CO2 para los sistemas energéticos que operan en las zonas no interconectadas

Abstract

Industrialization, the accelerated and exponential growth of the world population have brought with them problems such as air pollution, gases from a large number of sources, ranging from industrial chimneys and the automobile fleet, to the use of cleaning products, household cleaners, chemicals and paints. Even animal and plant life plays an important role in this problem, which has led to research and science, to generate strategies to deal with it. Taking into account the above and the complexity of the pollutants present in the air, their identification and quantification is required, therefore, generating emission inventories and methodologies to calculate them becomes a necessity to plan the route that results in the prevention , mitigation or compensation of the derived environmental impact, thus, one of the most used strategies in these cases is compensation, since the impact is impossible to prevent or mitigate since it is necessary to provide energy to areas that are sometimes affected by the Latin American reality or of the third world, inefficient and indifferent governments have given rise to ZNI (non-interconnected zones), geographical areas far removed from urban areas or populated centers that are not reached by the SIN (national interconnected system), that is, they do not have with electricity to carry out and supply basic activities for human development. In response to the situation of these populations, alternative electrical power generation systems are generated, such as Diesel plants, a viable solution taking into account the economic, social, technical and geographical context of the ZNI; solving the energy problem of marginalized populations, however, the implementation of these plants generates emissions from diesel combustion, which constitutes an environmental impact that must be considered. That said, it is intended, initially, to prepare the inventory of carbon dioxide emissions that allows determining the amounts of pollutants emitted, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the sources, additionally, an instruction manual will be built that explains and standardizes the way of calculating CO2 emissions. generated by diesel plants, through the contrast and synthesis of methodologies that allow the generation of reliable data and finally define the strategy required to compensate for the impact caused by the implementation of energy systems with diesel plants; The foregoing represents a benefit for the entity, taking into account that quantifying emissions is essential in complying with Colombian environmental regulations, hand in hand with the benefit that this implies in environmental terms, which is framed by the mission of the IPSE which is based on boosting sustainable development, mitigating climate change and creating opportunities for a better quality of life for the ZNI; which is also the reason for this internship.