Modelo de evaluación de escenarios para la producción y venta de energía eléctrica generada a partir de biogás de rellenos sanitarios en Colombia

Abstract

The production of bioenergy has impacted the development of sustainable energy industry through i) Reduction in levels of atmospheric pollution; ii) The improvement in waste management; iii) Diversification of the energy matrix; iv) Mitigation of high dependence on finite non-renewable fossil fuels; v) Promotion of national independence in external fuel supply; and vi) the increase in employability in rural and industrial areas. This reflects a contribution of 12% to the world's primary energy supply. However, electricity generation from renewable sources is a relatively new industry, especially about biogas generation due to the low energy efficiency of the raw material compared to conventional forms of energy. This has resulted in i) high investment costs, pretreatment, and production; ii) an immature technology that is being developed to improve energy efficiency levels; and iii) facing political and social factors that affect Project implementation, such as weak regulation, limited governmental support for investment promotion, and low implementation of fiscal incentives and subsidies to reduce production costs and promote competitiveness. In this regard, this model allows the evaluation of scenarios in which a landfill-based bioenergy generation project is viable, considering technical, financial, and governmental factors within a defined environmental and social framework. The formulation and relationship of variables are based on the analysis of existing projects and models previously developed and applied in the literature