Modelado y estrategia de control para obtener la máxima producción de energía eléctrica en un sistema de generación a partir de residuos sólidos orgánicos

Abstract

The environmental detriment and the need for alternative sources of energy today and in the future mean that renewable energies are beginning to be a fundamental part of the energy matrix worldwide, therefore, the generation of electrical energy from organic solid waste is positioning itself as one of the main alternatives in the global energy panorama. The development of control strategies that lead to the improvement of the efficiency of energy production from organic solid waste plays an important role in the progress towards the implementation of this technology. This process is developed through two major stages, anaerobic digestion and the generation of energy from biogas. This Thesis is developed with the objective of improving the production rates of electrical energy generated from RSO; It begins with the determination of the Anaerobic Digestion model based on the AM2 model, subsequently the model for generating electrical energy from methane is proposed, the reactor is designed and implemented for validation tests and the conditions required for the maximum energy production. Subsequently, a control strategy for the variable dilution rate is designed and validated, which allows the process to be kept stable through linear control. The designed compensator is validated by comparing the responses of the linearized model with the responses of the nonlinear theoretical model around its operating point, through simulation in MATLAB. Finally, a PID-fuzzy control strategy for the stoichiometric concentration of methane is designed and implemented, which is validated through simulation in MATLAB and through implementation in the components at the laboratory level. Among the most relevant results of this Thesis are: • A method for determining the parameters of the DA AM2 process model, • A method for to calculate an observer for the dilution rate, D. • A method for to design a linear control strategy for the dilution rate to keep the biodigestion process stable, and • A method for to design a strategy that improves the production of electrical energy by controlling the stoichiometric concentration of methane. These results allow improving the efficiency of electrical energy production from organic solid waste and can be implemented in systems that are already operating, Salitre PTAR, as well as in systems that are designed with the solution incorporated.