Estimación de la eficiencia de detección de la red total de rayos de Earth Networks para el territorio colombiano

Abstract

This research study estimates the detection efficiency (DE) of the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) in Colombia for cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges using records collected in 2021. The study begins with a description of the operation of lightning detection networks, covering fundamental concepts related to atmospheric electrical discharges and the propagation of electromagnetic fields generated by this phenomenon. Additionally, it describes the detection and localization systems, which utilize methods such as Magnetic Direction Finding (MDF) and Time of Arrival (TOA), both of which are widely used in private and open lightning detection networks worldwide. The analysis focuses on the ENTLN network, detailing its infrastructure and the spatial distribution of its sensors throughout Colombia. A general overview of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is provided, as they are essential for understanding the nature of the available data supplied by the network. Based on this information, a data extraction and processing methodology is proposed, incorporating classification, filtering, and geospatial processing techniques. The goal is to construct detection efficiency (DE) maps and ground flash density (GFD) maps. For DE estimation, the study applies the CIGRE C4.404 procedure, which allows for the assessment of detection efficiency based on the cumulative current distribution of CG discharges occurring within a defined area. This procedure is implemented through a Python-based algorithm that facilitates the classification, filtering, and visualization of both data and results. This algorithm is integrated into a computational tool called ED4LLS, which also enables the generation and visualization of DE and GFD maps. The results are presented through detection efficiency maps, showing values exceeding 80% across most of the Colombian territory, with some regions reaching efficiencies close to 100%. These high-efficiency areas correlate with regions of intense CG lightning activity, such as Antioquia and Chocó. Finally, to validate the findings, the results are compared with previous studies and other academic sources. Based on these analyses, the study concludes that the ENTLN network demonstrates a high performance in detecting cloud-to-ground discharges in Colombia. Additionally, future research directions are proposed to further enhance the accuracy of lightning detection and monitoring systems in the country.