Construcción e implementación de una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de las ondas mecánicas en el Centro Interactivo Maloka

Abstract

In this paper, the importance of educational processes in museums and their role in society as a disseminating element of the sciences, in the process of scientific and technological literacy and in the formation of citizens, is revealed. From this stage, 3 prototypes are planned, designed and built together with two workshops that allow a study of the mechanical waves in the Maloka interactive center. The activities that make up the proposal allow a historical look at the Pythagorean ideas about harmony expressed through music and mathematics. This is achieved by a musical instrument tuned by means of air pressure, 12 pendulums that synchronize their movements and the effect of the sound on the material to form symmetrical figures (Chladni figures). Following the constructivist pedagogical current, the activities are executed using an active learning methodology in the formation of mediators as well as of general public, where the participants play a leading role in the learning process. The use of problem situations allows the emergence of explanations about the phenomena of mechanical waves, which allow us to glimpse a pre-theory network in the conformation of hypotheses, which when confronted by the experimentation generate new questions or explanations to the physical phenomenon and their understanding. The execution of the prototypes, the execution of the workshops and the editing of the module reveal a way in which we learn by doing, saying, in group work, in the conversation, in the emergence of different reasoning, in the creation of hypotheses and through experimentation. Activities seen from the "Edgar Dale pyramid" have a greater impact on the learning process, in contrast to the passive and memoristic methods of education