Dinámicas de los sistemas socioecológicos de bosques altoandinos en Áreas Bajo Protección Privada (APP) de la Provincia del Tequendama

Abstract

The High Andean Forests are highly vulnerable socio-ecological systems due to various anthropogenic pressures, which is why conservation strategies such as Private Protected Areas (PPAs) have been implemented. This research focuses on evaluating the dynamics of Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) in the transformation of high Andean forests into PPAs over the last 20 years, in relation to nature tourism and its conservation achievements. A bibliometric analysis, a multi-temporal analysis of land cover for the years 2000 and 2021, an analysis of socio-ecological relationships, and the proposal of a conceptual model of nature tourism dynamics were carried out. The results revealed that the determining factors in land use within PPAs in the high Andean forests are grouped into five main themes: Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, Management, Land Cover, and Land Ownership. Over the last 20 years, significant changes in land cover were observed in the municipality of San Antonio del Tequendama and in the parks. The socio-ecological relationship between People and Nature Tourism is related to the spatial configuration of areas allocated for different uses by stakeholders in socio-ecological units. The two PPAs allow visualizing the dynamics, temporality, and complexity of the interactions of socio-ecosystem components to implement management and governance alternatives.