Evaluación del Aceite Esencial Extraído de dos Especies de Albahaca: Comercial (Ocimum basilicum L) y Silvestre (Ocimum campechianum Mill) Aplicado a Soporte de Papel Patrimonial. Aspectos Químicos y Microbiológicos

Abstract

Biodeterioration is one of main degradation factors in heritage documents. In libraries as National Library of Colombia, using different substances and methods to avoid deterioration of these documents. However, several substances cause damages in paper components as color, acidity and cellulose, causing crumbly texture. For these reason, National Library is founding substances with microbicide activity without changing paper physicochemical characteristics as essential oils, which are volatile substances responsibly of plant odor and containing for a mixture of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated compounds. This investigation has the purpose looking microbicide activity of essential oils obtained on two basil species: Ocimum basilicum L and Ocimum campechianum Mill, and its effects on heritage paper. For this, this developing work was divided in five stages: species recollection and taxonomic classification; extraction, control and physical properties of essential oils; characterization of essential oil components by GC-MS; microbicide activity evaluation of essential oils under heritage paper sample and determination of essential oils effects under heritage paper samples. Obtained results shown the main common components of Ocimum basilicum L essential oil are linalool, (E) methyl cinnamate and estragol and it was fungicide activity with microorganisms of genus Sytachybotris, Fusarium and Penicillium. The main common components of Ocimum campechianum Mill essential oil are methyl eugenol, (E) 9-epi-caryophyllene, α-bisabolene and (Z) methyl isoeugenol and it was fungistatic activity in the same evaluated microorganisms and this essential oil didn´t change physicochemical composition of paper as pH and color when it was subjected to accelerated aging.