Licenciatura en Química

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/47

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Análisis de la eliminación de detritus urinario de pacientes con cáncer, tratados con virus oncolítico Wt1-5.
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Guarín Molina , Leidy Mariana; Ayala Fajardo, Adis; Guerrero Fonseca , Carlos Arturo
Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer research. In this study, the elimination of the oncolytic virus Wt1-5 in the urine of five cancer patients treated with this virus was evaluated by detecting viral proteins and assessing its ability to infect U937 cells in culture. Urine samples were collected at different post-application times (24–504 h), and the presence of viral particles was analyzed through SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and capture ELISA. Viral proteins were detected in urinary debris, indicating virus excretion through this route. Additionally, part of the eliminated virus retained its infective capacity, as it successfully infected U937 cells in vitro. Results showed that the highest amount of viral particles in urine occurred between 24–96 hours post-application, with a progressive reduction starting at 72 hours, and complete elimination at approximately 21 days. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed variations in cellular infection depending on urine collection time, suggesting dynamic viral shedding. The capture ELISA indicated the presence of free viral proteins, suggesting that part of the virus is eliminated as non-infectious fragments. It is concluded that the oncolytic virus Wt1-5 is excreted in urine and that part of it retains infective capacity, highlighting the need to evaluate its elimination and persistence in biological fluids.
Un acercamiento lúdico y experimental a la química en población que batalla contra el cáncer o enfermedades que requieren un largo tratamiento
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rodríguez Lesmes, Jhon Sergio; Delgado Gómez, Miguel Ángel; Delgado Gómez, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-5832-5831]
This internship project focuses on facilitating the continuity of the educational process in chemistry and stimulating the motivation for learning in out-of-school youth with prolonged medical treatment at the HOPE Foundation. The initiative arises from the problem of educational disruption and the emotional impact faced by these students. It is justified by the need to guarantee their right to education, mitigate academic and psychosocial disadvantages, and promote their comprehensive development, drawing on pedagogical theories such as active learning (Piaget, Vygotsky), metacognition (Flavell), and the importance of the sociocultural context (Bourdieu). To achieve the proposed objectives, a personalized pedagogical support program was proposed, integrating playful activities, virtual laboratories, and the promotion of autonomy. The activities carried out include individualized diagnosis, the design of an adapted program, the selection of a methodology that included participant observation, the design of playful and interactive activities, the use of virtual laboratories, the development of adapted didactic materials, personalized tutoring, promotion of participation and autonomy, and continuous and formative evaluation. It is expected that the implementation of this program will improve the understanding of chemistry, promote critical thinking skills, increase participation and autonomy, and contribute to the emotional well-being of the students, guaranteeing their right to education and preparing them for current challenges.
Análisis preliminar y síntesis de MOF HKUST-1 y MOF-5 para la adsorción de diclofenaco en solución acuosa
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Bulla Martínez, Santiago Nicolás; Ramos Rincón, Jaiditn Marizol; Moreno Piraján, Juan Carlos; García Barreto, Germán Alberto (Catalogador)
This study presents the preliminary synthesis and characterization of the Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) HKUST-1 and MOF-5, aimed at evaluating their potential for the adsorption of the pharmaceutical compound diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution, considered an environmentally persistent emerging contaminant. Both materials were synthesized through a solvothermal reflux method, using Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O and trimesic acid (H₃BTC) for HKUST-1, and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and terephthalic acid (H₂BDC) for MOF-5. The materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The results confirmed the correct structural formation of both MOFs, highlighting HKUST-1 for its high surface area (1560 m²/g), predominant microporosity (70%), and total pore volume of 0.69 cm³/g. These parameters indicate a strong potential for diclofenac adsorption. In contrast, MOF-5 exhibited lower yield and structural stability. Finally, concludes that HKUST-1 is a promising candidate for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater and recommends further structural characterization and adsorption testing.
Apoyo técnico y pedagógico en el desarrollo industrial de emprendimientos mediante la asistencia, el uso de equipos, reactivos y materiales en laboratorios de Tecnoparque - SENA nodo Bogotá
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Gamba Castañeda, Bander Orled; Muñoz Albarracín, Liz Mayoly; Muñoz Albarracín, Liz Mayoly [0000-0002-7486-8166]
During this undergraduate project in the internship modality, it is possible to observe an incursion into the professional world of the chemical analysis industry, particularly in relation to the development and production of various natural and synthetic products. This report presents the results of the internship carried out at SENA’s Tecnoparque, Bogotá Node, during the second half of 2023. It describes the experience gained through professional, pedagogical, and technical support provided in the areas of chemistry and production processes to the Entrepreneurs (Talents) who are part of the Tecnoparque institution, in the industrial development of their products. During this period, activities were carried out with a focus on product development, among which the creation and production of nail polishes for aesthetic use, the production and refinement of Cayenne pepper as a food seasoning and its derivatives (such as insecticide), among others, stand out. As part of the work done at Tecnoparque, integral support was provided in the maintenance of the development laboratory, including the use and handling of instruments such as the rotary evaporator, distillers, stirrers, protein analyzers, scales, among others. User-friendly manuals were developed for these instruments to facilitate their correct use by the Talents and others who may need them. Additionally, part of the laboratory work involved the management of reagents, including their proper classification and storage.
Estudio y análisis funcional: Identificación de ARNc Y ARNlnc en tejidos meristemáticos dentro del transcriptoma de clones de Solanum tuberosum del grupo Phureja colombiana
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Medina Amaya, Andrés Felipe; Becerra Galindo, Luis Francisco
Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja, commonly known as papa criolla, is a key crop in Colombia due to its distinctive traits. In this study, solid mutants generated by Cobalt-60 mutagenesis, specifically MV6-17, MV6-39, and MV6-43, were evaluated alongside their progenitor (“Flor Blanca”) and the control (“Cultivar Criolla Colombia”). RNA-Seq characterization enabled the transcriptomic profiling of each individual, identifying both coding RNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The analysis revealed significant interactions between coding RNAs and lncRNAs associated with molecular and cellular functions, including transcripts related to phytohormone-mediated regulation of dormancy. The bioinformatic workflow included quality control using FastQC v0.12.1 (Andrews, 2010), read trimming with Trimmomatic v0.39 (Bolger et al., 2014), alignment to the DM 1-3 516 R44 v.6 reference genome (from SpudDB) via TopHat2 v2.1.1 (Trapnell et al., 2009), transcript assembly with Cufflinks v2.1.1 (Trapnell et al., 2012), lncRNA identification using AWK v5.2.1 (Aho et al., 1988) and CPC v2.0 (Kang et al., 2017), co-expression network construction using PyWGCNA v2.0.0 (Rezai et al., 2023), and functional enrichment analysis with G:Profiler. This research, conducted within the BIOMOLc group at Universidad Distrital, focused on identifying co-expression relationships in papa criolla mutant clones. Findings were disseminated at national and international conferences, contributing to the advancement of bioinformatic applications in this crop.
Del conocimiento a la tierra: revisión bibliográfica con enfoque en la transferencia de saberes sostenibles. Síntesis y uso del biocarbón para su aplicación en el suelo agrícola
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José De Caldas) Acosta Bogotá, Angie Lorena; Monsalve Sarmiento , Jeymy; Monsalve Sarmiento, Jeymy [0009-0007-3033-8095]
This monograph analyzes the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of biochar, an organic material obtained through biomass pyrolysis, with emphasis on its potential in agriculture and climate change mitigation. Through an exhaustive review, production methods such as slow and fast pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization are highlighted, and its physicochemical properties are explored using advanced techniques. Biochar is presented as a key tool for improving soil structure and fertility, storing carbon, and treating pollutants, making it an important resource for agro-environmental sustainability. Furthermore, its integration into rural pedagogy is proposed, aiming to promote its use in farming communities through formative and participatory strategies, strengthening local autonomy and contributing to the regeneration of agroecosystems and climate change adaptation. Biochar emerges as an agroecological alternative that, beyond its technical benefits, is linked to ecological and social justice in the Colombian countryside, promoting peasant technological sovereignty and community empowerment. In this context, its implementation requires not only a technical approach, but also a pedagogical transformation that recognizes the peasantry as active and epistemic agents, capable of generating knowledge from and for their territory. Critical pedagogy and territorial co-research, inspired by Paulo Freire, are essential to overcome the vertical model of technological transfer, creating a space for experimentation, reflection, and collective action that promotes social and environmental justice. However, implementation faces challenges such as process standardization and the lack of clear regulations, which requires comprehensive collaboration among institutions such as SENA, the Field Schools (ECAs), and the Rural Development Agency (ADR), to scale up the adoption of biochar and ensure its long-term sustainability.
Estrategias didácticas para optimizar la preparación en biología: competencias clave para el ICFES en ciencias naturales
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Saavedra Cortés , Laura Lizeth; Mosquera Suárez , Carlos Javier; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier [0000-0001-8640-0803]
This thesis is being conducted as an internship, in accordance with Agreement 012 of December 13, 2022, at the Instituto Bolivariano Esdiseños S.A.S., located in Soacha, a municipality with significant population growth and urban expansion on the southern outskirts of Bogotá. This diverse social and economic context presents particular challenges in terms of access to education, making the institution a fundamental bridge for many young people and adults. The institute offers programs aimed at validating high school diplomas, providing a second educational opportunity to people of different ages and backgrounds. Furthermore, because many of its students combine their studies with work responsibilities, the institution adapts its academic offerings through flexible schedules, favoring access and retention for those who require a study option compatible with their professional life. This project is being developed virtually, with the support of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), with the goal of strengthening students' skills and competencies in preparation for the ICFES State Exam. This test, administered by the Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education (ICFES), is a fundamental requirement for obtaining a high school diploma and has a significant influence on access to higher education. Among the areas assessed, the natural sciences have a significant weight, as they not only measure students' level of knowledge but also their ability to apply these concepts in diverse situations.
Análisis del contenido de nitrógeno y parámetros composicionales en relación con la productividad en líneas avanzadas de Solanum tuberosum Grupo Phureja
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José De Caldas) Carvajal Medina , Karen Tatiana; Corredor Puentes, Laura Jimena; Becerra Galindo, Luis Francisco
The creole potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja) represents one of the most important native crops in Colombia, both for its nutritional value and for its high adaptability to Andean agroecological conditions and short vegetative cycle. In this context, genetic improvement through mutation induction, such as cobalt-60 irradiation, has enabled the selection of advanced lines (MV6) with agronomic and compositional potential. These lines allow the exploration of new dynamics in the efficient use of nutrients, such as nitrogen, a key macronutrient in the physiological processes of the crop and its impact on agronomic yield. This study evaluates the relationship between nitrogen content (organic and total), compositional parameters (moisture, ash, and protein), and agronomic parameters (productivity) in MV6 advanced lines of Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja, with the aim of establishing correlations between nitrogen accumulation and productive performance.The research was carried out at El Pino farm, located in Subachoque (Cundinamarca). Seven mutant clones (MV6-07, MV6-33, MV6-37, MV6-39, MV6-42, MV6-43, MV6-FB) were used, selected based on their productivity level (high, medium, and low), along with the Colombia variety as the non-irradiated control. Foliar samples were collected during the flowering stage, and tubers at harvest. Total and organic nitrogen content was determined using two methods: elemental CHN analysis and the Kjeldahl method. Moisture, ash content, and protein precipitation by isoelectric point were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that foliar tissue presented higher nitrogen concentrations (4.27–5.21% total and 0.34–0.96% organic) compared to tuber tissue (0.80–1.07% total and 0.10–0.16% organic), with statistically significant differences among genotypes (ANOVA, p<0.001). Proximal composition revealed characteristic values of moisture (85–88% in leaves vs. 72–81% in tubers) and ash content (12–17% in leaves vs. 3–4% in tubers), while protein precipitation exhibited marked variability between tissues (4–10% in leaves and 6–23% in tubers). In terms of productivity, clones MV6-37 (30.55 t/ha) and MV6-43 (28.66 t/ha) significantly outperformed the control COL (17.64 t/ha), although correlation analyses did not reveal strong relationships between nitrogen parameters and yield (R²<0.47). Exploratory PCA highlighted complex patterns in the interaction between chemical composition and agronomic performance, showing that MV6-07 was associated with high nitrogen and protein contents along with high productivity, whereas MV6-43 presented the highest productivity, reporting low nitrogen contents in leaves and moderate levels in tubers.These findings suggest that, beyond nitrogen content, other physiological and environmental factors influence yield, underscoring the need to adopt integrated approaches for the genetic improvement and agronomic management of creole potato in Colombia.
Diseño de una unidad didáctica para la enseñanza de los modelos cuánticos de Bohr y Schrödinger a partir de estudios históricos, epistemológicos y socio científicos asociados a modelos atómicos en contextos de paradigmas del psicoanálisis y la neuroeducación
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Díaz Lamprea, Julieth Vanessa; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier [0000-0001-8640-0803]
This thesis proposes the design of a didactic unit aimed at pre-service teachers, which seeks to guide the teaching of quantum and contemporary models, such as Bohr's atomic model and Schrödinger's, in lower secondary education settings. At present, physics and quantum chemistry, due to their abstract nature, represent a real challenge for teachers. To address this difficulty, the proposed unit adopts as its main strategy the use of the Nature of Science (NOS) from the perspective of scientific thought construction according to Giere’s epistemology. In addition, it incorporates learning approaches grounded in the paradigms of neuroeducation and Jacques Lacan’s psychology of symbolism and the imaginary.
La evaluación de cambios didácticos a nivel conceptual y metodológico en docentes en formación inicial de Biología y Química: el caso de la enseñanza de hábitos alimenticios saludables en educación básica y media desde una perspectiva Bioquímica
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Buitrago Moyano, Karen Dayan; Sáchica Calderón, Cristian Yoneisson; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier [0000-0001-8640-0803]
In Colombia, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially childhood obesity, have increased in recent years, which can lead to the emergence of various complications. Thus, the need for educational intervention based on adequate nutritional training has been highlighted. This research seeks to evaluate didactic changes at the conceptual and methodological levels in initial training teachers (DFI) of Biology and Chemistry, emphasizing the study of healthy eating habits through a biochemical perspective. The research is developed through three essential phases; the first and third phases are contrasted with initial and final questionnaires, observation grids, Likert-type questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The intermediate phase is where the training strategy is developed, which aims to promote didactic changes. It is based on a diagnosis that reveals views close to traditional trends, with a rigid and algorithmic emphasis both conceptually and methodologically, which hinders teaching and learning in the classroom. Following the implementation of the training strategy, significant changes in epistemological conceptions emerged, shifting from traditionalist perspectives to contemporary philosophical concepts that recognize history, interdisciplinarity, subjectivity, and nonlinearity as key components of science teaching and learning and scientific activity, contributing from a social perspective and emphasizing classroom contextualization. Regarding the methodological component, it initially reflects pedagogical practices focused on the transmission of scientific content that values replicability and summative assessment. Following the training strategy, there was a transition to a contextualized, constructivist approach grounded in science didactics and with a predisposition toward formative assessment. In conclusion, this proposal goes beyond classroom work; It consists of a strategy to strengthen the initial training of science teachers, by promoting a contemporary vision of the teaching-learning processes and a pedagogical practice aware of its social function, aligning itself with current Colombian regulations that seek pedagogical strategies that promote adequate nutrition and good eating practices based on a knowledge of the natural sciences, thus highlighting the relevance of integrating the teaching of science, biochemistry and school realities, thus contributing to public health, scientific literacy and the training of critical citizens.
Diseño racional de fármacos derivados del 3-nitroxipropanol como alternativa para la inhibición de metano proveniente del microbioma metanogénico en ganado doméstico
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Umbarila Pinzón, Andrés Felipe; Guevara Pulido, James Oswaldo; García Ortiz , Josué Anselmo; Guevara Pulido, James Oswaldo [0000-0001-9134-3719]
The study focused on mitigating methane emissions from ruminants, a greenhouse gas, through the design of new molecules. Based on an existing patent, a QSAR approach was used to design 78 molecules, prioritizing aromatic and halogen structures that had not been previously explored. Using computational methods such as AutoDock Tools, VINA, Pre-ADMET, and physicochemical property analysis, the affinity energy, toxicity, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) characteristics of the candidate molecules were evaluated. The best candidate identified was 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl nitrate, which showed an affinity energy of -6.5 kcal/mol, an improved toxicity profile (with some negative mutagenic and carcinogenic results), and favorable physicochemical properties, such as good lipophilicity and solubility (Log P and Log S). Finally, two synthesis routes were proposed for this molecule based on a trisubstituted aromatic ring, concluding the viability of the compound as a potential drug for reducing methane emissions.
Estudio del potencial inhibitorio sobre Lipasa Pancreática de los constituyentes químicos provenientes de Piper Asperiusculum (piperaceae)
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Arguello Quevedo, Paula Alejandra; Silva Carrero, Diego Alejandro; Silva Carrero,Diego Alejandro [0000-0002-8577-8959]
Pancreatic lipase (PL) is a key enzyme in fat absorption; thus, its inhibition represents a relevant therapeutic strategy for treating obesity. However, the only approved drug with this mechanism, Orlistat®, presents adverse effects. In this context, species from the Piper genus have shown inhibitory activity against PL, although the specific compounds responsible for this action are still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the search for molecules with potential inhibitory effects against PL by chemically characterizing the inflorescences of Piper asperiusculum. The methodology included the fractionation of the ethanolic extract from P. asperiusculum inflorescences, purification of compounds through flash chromatography, and identification of the isolated compounds using spectroscopic methods. Subsequently, the extract, fractions, and some compounds were evaluated using a colorimetric enzymatic assay against PL, with 4-nitrophenyl dodecanoate as the substrate and Orlistat® as the positive control. As a result of the extract’s fractionation, four fractions of different polarities were obtained: DCM (73.4 g), AcOEt (31.4 g), IPA (26.5 g), and EtOH/H₂O (31.7 g). The chemical study of the DCM fraction led to the isolation of six chemical compounds, of which four were identified: a phenylpropanoid known as myristicin (Pa1), a fatty acid known as linoleic acid (Pa2), a chromene identified as 2,2-dimethyl-8-(3',3'-dimethylallyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid (Pa3), a dihydrochalcone dimer known as piperaduncin C (Pa4), and a sterol mixture composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and γ-sitosterol (MPa1). Except for the phenylpropanoid and the sterol mixture, the other compounds (Pa2 to Pa4) are reported for the first time in this species. Regarding inhibitory activity, the extract showed 67.0 ± 2.3% activity. Among the fractions, EtOH/H₂O and AcOEt showed the highest inhibitory activity, with values of 60% and 50%, respectively. Compound-level evaluation was conducted for Pa1 and Pa3, both of which showed inhibitory activity, with values of 65% and 84%, respectively. The IC₅₀ values were 39.76 ± 3.65 µM for Pa1 and less than 0.0012 µM for Pa3. This study is considered the first report to quantify the percentage of inhibition of the extract, fractions, and some isolated compounds against PL, validating the preliminary activity previously reported in the literature for the extract. These findings highlight the potential of P. asperiusculum as a source of natural compounds with promising PL inhibitory activity.
Fomento de la paz a través de la formación docente: Investigación Acción Participativa en un centro de reclusión
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Castañeda Ariza, Malcom Leonardo; Montenegro Guevara, Miguel Stiven; Delgado Gómez, Miguel Ángel; Delgado Gómez, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-5832-5831]
This document presents the final report of the internship developed within the framework of the Peace Education Program, implemented in a correctional facility. The experience sought to create spaces for personal reflection, where incarcerated individuals could reconnect with their emotions, life experiences, and inner resources as part of a process aimed at building a culture of peace. This was carried out through the implementation of ten thematic units provided by an external organization, along with three complementary units focused on teacher training. Throughout this process, we accompanied the participants on a journey where our voices, emotions, and silences intertwined, resignifying shared experiences from an ethical, pedagogical, and human perspective. Using a participatory action research methodology and a humanistic pedagogical approach, the internship revealed the transformative potential of an education based on active listening, respect for autonomy, and non-directivity. Changes were observed in participation, perceptions of freedom, the meaning of life in confinement, and the desire for personal reconstruction. These findings demonstrated how the program transcended the classroom and influenced the daily dynamics of the correctional facility. This report compiles the learnings of both participants and facilitators, as well as a series of recommendations for future implementations of the program, reaffirming the value of teaching committed to human dignity, peace, and social transformation.
Diseño de una unidad didáctica para la enseñanza de la educación sexual desde el sistema endocrino con apoyo de las TICS
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Caipa Ramírez, Laura Camila; Delgado Gómez, Miguel Ángel; Delgado Gómez, Miguel Ángel [0000-0002-5832-5831]
This thesis proposes the design of an innovative teaching unit for sex education in Colombia, approached from the perspective of the endocrine system and supported by the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The proposal arises in response to the challenges that sex education faces in the country, traditionally limited by cultural, social, and political barriers, despite legislative advances such as Law 1146 of 2007. By integrating scientific content on hormonal processes and topics such as puberty, the menstrual cycle, and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, the aim is to empower students to make informed and responsible decisions. This interdisciplinary teaching unit, adapted to the Colombian context, promotes a comprehensive, scientific, and participatory approach to sex education that contributes to the well-being and healthy development of young people.
Determinación de contaminantes emergentes tipo fármaco por medio de cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas de alta resolución
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Rodríguez Afanador, Ana María; Ramos Rincón, Jaidith Marisol; Ramos Rincón, Jaidith Marisol [0000-0003-0995-6327]
This document aims to present the key components in order to contribute to the optimization of liquid chromatography-based analytical methodologies for the determination of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. These contaminants have been a growing environmental challenge due to their concentrations and increased frequency in recent years, raising concerns about their potential for harm to both human health and the environment. Optimizing these methodologies is essential to improve the sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency of detecting and quantifying these compounds in various matrices. To achieve this objective, a literature review was initially conducted with approximately 15 articles, aimed at identifying and analyzing the different analytical methodologies established in recent studies. This phase provides a means of identifying current trends, advances in the field of liquid chromatography, and the most effective experimental conditions for detecting pharmaceutical contaminants as emerging contaminants. Likewise, experimental tests were carried out to execute the validation plan, assessing the accuracy, precision, and repeatability of the selected methods—in this case, full scan and PRM. Finally, the documents and records corresponding to the results obtained during the validation process were generated and consolidated, as in this case, this report. Overall, this work provides a basis for the implementation of optimized methodologies for the identification and quantification of pharmaceutical contaminants, providing more efficient and reliable analytical tools for environmental studies. Furthermore, it strengthens technical knowledge in the area, facilitating future research aimed at the management and mitigation of pharmaceutical residue contamination in diverse environments.
Diseño e implementación de una estrategia teórico-práctica para la enseñanza de química en grados décimo y undécimo del colegio Nueva Andalucía (CNA) ubicado en el municipio de Soacha: un acercamiento de conceptos teóricos en procesos industriales
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Bastidas Moreno, Zulay Yineth; Becerra Galindo, Luis Francisco; Becerra Galindo, Luis Francisco [0000-0002-9093-7213]
David Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning was applied in an activity at Nueva Andalucía School, where tenth and eleventh grade students developed food products and chemistry concepts. This allowed them to consolidate new knowledge through experimental methods, such as chemical solutions, chemical equilibrium, acidity and alkalinity, pH, chemical reactions, chemical concentrations, solutions, temperature, and classification of solutions. These concepts were focused on real-life experiences in everyday life. Tenth and eleventh grade students were organized into groups that developed food products such as yogurt, kumis, cheese, fermented beverages, and dairy products, and presented them on Science Day. This experience, through meaningful learning, strengthened research, communication, teamwork, and problem-solving skills. As a final result of the entire process, it was emphasized that it was a success, as their grades were achieved with outstanding grades. Therefore, by applying this theory, it is assumed that the students improved their learning processes. (Ausubel, Educational Psychology. A cognitive point of view., 1983).
Fortalecimiento de las competencias en ciencias naturales para la enseñanza de la química, orientado a la preparación de las pruebas icfes saber 11 en estudiantes con miras al ingreso a la educación superior
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Acosta Castellanos, Laura Daniela; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier; Mosquera Suárez, Carlos Javier [0000-0001-8640-0803]
This thesis document, whose main objective was to strengthen the scientific competencies of 11th-grade students in the area of chemistry, with a view to improving their performance on the ICFES Saber 11 tests and facilitating their entry into higher education. To this end, innovative pedagogical strategies were designed and implemented at the Instituto Bolivariano EDISEÑOS, including virtual classes, experiments, collaborative work, scientific modeling, and formative assessment. These activities focused on developing key skills such as the comprehensive use of scientific knowledge, explanation of phenomena, and inquiry. The results showed a significant improvement in student performance, increasing their scores by up to 55% compared to the initial assessment. Furthermore, a greater interest in chemistry was sparked, relating its teaching to real-life, everyday contexts. The work concludes that the use of active and contextualized methodologies is essential to effectively prepare students for these tests and foster meaningful learning.
Concordancia de tres pruebas espectroscópicas para el análisis fisicoquímico de cálculos renales
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Solano Rodríguez, Karen Alejandra; Matulevich Peláez, Javier Andrés; Matulevich Peláez, Javier Andrés [0000-0002-6346-510X]
This document is based on the research and techniques applied during an internship in the laboratories of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. The research project focuses on the characterization of kidney stones obtained from 22 individuals, analyzing their chemical composition and external morphology. Advanced spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Raman spectroscopy, were used to obtain detailed physicochemical analyses of the samples. Based on the results, kidney stones were classified into three main groups: oxalates, phosphates, and uric acid. In addition, a correlation was established between macroscopic characteristics such as color, texture, and shape of the stones and their chemical composition. The study included samples from Colombian individuals, which is necessary in the national context. The combination of applied spectroscopic techniques offered a robust approach, allowing for a comprehensive characterization that contributes to improving the understanding of kidney stones and strengthening the foundation for prevention and treatment strategies tailored to the Colombian population.
Desarrollo de un protocolo optimizado para la purificación y caracterización de la lecitina extraída de la yema de huevo
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Alvarado Calvera, Niccol Gabriela; Ocampo Cifuentes, Marisol; Granados Ramírez , Carmen Giovana; Ocampo Cifuentes, Marisol [0000-0001-9764-0052]
In this study, an accessible and sustainable protocol was developed and optimized for the extraction, purification, and characterization of lecithin from egg yolk, using basic laboratory infrastructure.The process began with extraction using ethanol: ether mixtures, followed by purification via Sílica gel column chromatography. Subsequently, the methodology was optimized by incorporating glycerol as an environmentally friendly solvent. This solvent was used to progressively decrease the proportion of ether and to reduce the need for large amounts of chloroform, acetone, and methanol used for column chromatography purification.With the incorporation of glycerol, a methodology was proposed that enabled the selective separation of some of the phospholipids present in the lecithin.The lecithin extracted by the different methods was characterized by thin-layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, assigning characteristic bands for N–H stretching (3438 cm⁻¹), C–H vibrations (2928 and 2851 cm⁻¹), C=O carbonyl (1740 cm⁻¹), phosphodiester groups (1248 and 1087 cm⁻¹), and specific signals for phosphatidylcholine (970 cm⁻¹) and phosphatidylethanolamine (N–H bending vibrations at 1640 and 1560 cm⁻¹). As a final result, a glycerol-based methodology was optimized, which allowed for the selective isolation of phosphatidylethanolamine and significantly reduced other contaminating lipids such as triglycerides. This made it possible to obtain a cleaner extract at lower cost through a new reproducible, economical, and eco-friendly method, with a positive impact on the reduction of toxic solvents.
Variación de los constituyentes químicos y potencialidad antifúngica de individuos de Piper eriopodon frente a fitopatógenos asociados a cultivos agrícolas
(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Moncada Sánchez, Johan Sebastián; Matulevich Peláez, Javier Andrés; Patiño Ladino, Óscar Javier; Moncada Sánchez, Johan Sebastián [0009-0000-3331-8662]; Matulevich Peláez, Javier Andrés [0000-0002-6346-510X]; Patiño Ladino, Óscar Javier [0000-0003-1290-7964]; García Barreto, Germán Alberto (Catalogador)
There is a growing commercial interest in the export of fruits or products derived from certain species of the Passifloraceae family, particularly those known as granadilla (Passiflora ligularis), gulupa (P. edulis var. edulis), and passion fruit (P. edulis var. flavicarpa). However, production yields are low compared to the main global producers, due to various factors, among which diseases caused by phytopathogenic agents in the crops stand out. To control these types of phytopathogens, chemical substances have been used, which tend to have low selectivity, are harmful to the environment, and often leave residues exceeding the concentration limits allowed by consumer countries. Piper eriopodon (Miq.) C.DC is a species belonging to the Piperaceae family that, based on previous research, has great potential for controlling fungi that affect commercially important crops. However, studies on its effects against phytopathogens associated with Passifloraceae crops are very limited. This study contributes to establishing relationships between the metabolomic profiles of P. eriopodon from different geographic regions of Colombia and its antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi of Passifloraceae. The methodology included collecting different samples of P. eriopodon from municipalities in Santander, Boyacá, and Cundinamarca. Ethanol extracts were obtained from the plant material, which were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The data were processed through multivariate statistical analyses to identify differentiating chemical patterns among individuals. In parallel, the antifungal activity of the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds was evaluated through in vitro assays, determining the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (%MGI) against the three fungi. The metabolomic analyses revealed high chemical diversity in P. eriopodon, with marked differences between organs but only moderate variations by locality and no clear relationship with altitude. Although some metabolites were more abundant in individuals collected above 2000 meters above sea level, this trend was inconsistent. Multivariate analysis allowed the identification of a possible antifungal marker (m/z 291.1597, retention time = 10.27 min), more abundant in the extract from the individual collected in Arcabuco (Boyacá), which showed the highest activity against the three evaluated phytopathogens. Stems and inflorescences stood out for their greater inhibition against Fusarium sp. Together, the results suggest that P. eriopodon is a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of natural fungicides, particularly against pathogens of Passifloraceae crops.

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