Análisis ambiental de uso de paneles fotovoltaicos en una casa del Municipio de Cogua - Cundinamarca
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Renewable energy can be considered as a type of clean energy, generated from natural resources from sources such as: the sun, water and wind, which has an impact on the reduction of environmental impacts. Currently, energy consumption worldwide has increased considerably, but in some areas the supply of any type of energy is minimal, even reaching almost zero coverage. For countries like Colombia, being cataloged with a high solar potential is quite useful since it could reach remote areas of the country or achieve an alternation in the energy supply, which leads to reducing the cost of the service and improving the quality of life of people. (Giraldo, M. Vacca, R. Urrego, A. (s, f)). Of every 100 Colombian households, 97 have access to electricity service (PIEC 2019). According to the Indicative Plan for Expansion of Coverage, PIEC 2019-2023, published in December 2019, by the Mining-Energy Planning Unit, UPME, for the 2019 term, it is estimated that there are 338,383 homes located in isolated areas or Zones Non-Interconnected, ZNI of the country, which do not have electricity service, with a total population of 1,184,340 inhabitants without a sustainable energy solution. According to the documentation consulted, it was shown that there is no single figure for the number of dwellings in ZNI. This condition has generated situations in the population such as: incipient access to public electricity service; restricted access to opportunities for education, health, productivity and information technology; limited labor supply situation that generates unemployment; poverty and inequality; increased living costs and poor use of infrastructure and public services. (National Department of Planning & Ministry of Mines and Energy, s.f.). This is how photovoltaic solar systems are proposed as a solution to the supply of energy in Colombia, for the Colombian case, the information sources of the solar resource indicate that the country has an average irradiation of 4.5 kWh/m2 /d, which it exceeds the world average of 3.9 kWh/m2 /d, standing out from the average of countries such as Germany (3.0 kWh/m2 /d). (UPME, 2015). That is why photovoltaic solar energy stands out among other non-conventional energy sources (Abella, 2016). For this work, the environmental study of the use of photovoltaic panels will be carried out in a rural house normally inhabited by four people who need to cover an electrical consumption of at least 3 Kilowatts for the following appliances: a refrigerator, a motorized pump and two cell phones, among others, in the municipality of Cogua, Cundinamarca. This work provides the research opportunity to consider photovoltaic systems as an option to cover the unsatisfied electrical energy needs in rural areas of the country.