Reducción de costos operativos en sistemas eléctricos de potencia mediante la conmutación de líneas de transmisión usando una estrategia heurística

Abstract

Electric power networks face new challenges due to growing demand, the expansion of interconnection between power systems, and transmission infrastructure constraints, which can lead to line congestion, energy losses, and increased operational costs. To address these issues, this document proposes transmission line switching as a strategy to reduce operational costs and improve system efficiency by strategically disconnecting certain lines to optimize power flow. This approach is formulated as an optimal power flow problem with binary variables and is solved using mixed-integer nonlinear programming. To evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness, power systems with 5, 118, and 3374 buses were analyzed using MATPOWER in MATLAB, demonstrating that this methodology enables power supply redistribution while respecting operational limits and reducing costs. In the 5-bus system, disconnecting Line 6 reduced costs by 13.61%; in the 118-bus system, disconnecting Line 104 led to a 0.0433% reduction; and in the 3374-bus system, disconnecting Line 1116 resulted in a 0.0729% decrease, representing a significant absolute savings due to the system's scale.