Evaluación de la viabilidad técnica y financiera en la reconversión productiva de ganadería a sistemas silvopastoriles en San José del Guaviare, Colombia

Abstract

In the department of Guaviare (Colombia), the Association of Producers for Economic Change of Guaviare (ASOPROCEGUA), is dedicated to the change of illicit activities for agricultural practices, selling products such as milk, meat and Amazonian fruits. Currently, the majority of farmers have traditional livestock as their main source of income, therefore, the present research work has the purpose of evaluating the technical and financial viability in the reconversion of a livestock production system to silvopastoral systems. To carry out the research, the technical feasibility was determined by adapting the FAO Land Evaluation methodology; In addition, to establish the models to be implemented and to group the producers, they were typified by a cluster analysis, based on their relevant production characteristics. Additionally, in order to determine the financial viability of establishing the proposed silvopastoral systems, the cash flow of the income and expenses of the models was calculated, as well as the determination of financial indicators such as IRR, NPV and benefit / cost ratio. Finally, the main results are the design of three silvopastoral models corresponding to three types of producers (small, medium and large producer), where the most viable species to implement technically were in the forest component the Achapo (Cedrelinga cateniformis) for the Model 1 and 2, and Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) for Model 3, in the shrub component was defined the Matarratón (Gliricidia sepium) and in the herbaceous component the Golden Button (Tithonia diversifolia) for the 3 models. At last, the cash flow determined that the 3 models are viable and profitable from the financial point of view, with benefit / cost ratios greater than 1, internal rates of return higher than the internal opportunity rates and with returns at present value for model 1 of $ 36,954,256.54 (IOR: 10%), for model 2 $ 36,954,256.54 (IOR: 12%) and in model 3 $ 88,460,885 (IOR: 15%).