Evaluación de las condiciones ambientales por el cambio en la dinámica de los cultivos de Guayaba en la provincia sur de Vélez, Santander

Abstract

Guava is a fruit of great importance for manufacturers of the famous “Bocadillo Veleño” and in general for farmer's economy of the regions of Vélez, Puente Nacional, Guavatá and Barbosa. Here, we present a study whose main goal is to assess the environmental conditions responsible for the reduction in guava crops production in the southern province of Vélez, Santander. The towns of Vélez, Puente Nacional, Guavatá and Barbosa were taken as sampling provinces. To achieve this goal, the optimal environmental conditions, which allow the successful growth of guava crops were analyzed and subsequently compared with the environmental characteristics of the sampling provinces. The optimal environmental factors allowing the development of the pests affecting the guava crops and the RCP scenario 6.0 raised by the IDEAM are also analyzed. Thereby, the social, economic and environmental impacts produced by reducing the production of this fruit are pointed out, as well as its effects on the sustainable development of the region. We show that while the environmental conditions of the region are optimal for the suitable growth of guava crops, they result also optimal for the development of the pests that affect this crop. However, the lack of agronomic management is, in the first place, the main cause of the decrease in the production of guava crops.