Formulación de un procedimiento operativo estandarizado (POE): metodología estandarizada para la caracterización de síntomas visuales en laminas foliares y el análisis foliar de especies latifoliadas
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The study of plant nutrition has its roots in authors such as Hippocrates and Aristotle, who strove to answer initial questions about nutrition processes in plants. Throughout history, numerous scientists have dedicated their research to understanding the processes, nutrients and metabolisms that influence plant nutrition. One of the most notable contributors was Justus von Liebig, who in 1840 proposed the Law of the Minimum, which establishes that the growth of a plant is limited by the essential element present in the smallest quantity (González, Martínez & García, 2014. Page. 3-7). This idea of Liebig marked the beginning of research on plant nutrition, especially with regard to foliar analysis of plants. Plant nutrition is an essential field of study in disciplines related to plant physiology and soils, since it focuses on how plants obtain the nutrients necessary for their growth and development, these nutrients include both macronutrients, such as potassium, phosphorus . and Nitrogen, as micronutrients, such as manganese, iron and zinc (Collilles, 1997. Page 242). The lack of any of these elements can limit the growth of plants and reduce their quality and productivity (Kalra. 1997. Page 16). Leaf analysis plays a fundamental role in plant nutrition, as it allows you to evaluate the health of plants and determine if they are receiving the necessary nutrients. This process involves visual identification, sampling, and laboratory analysis to determine nutrient content; Foliar analyzes are essential to identify nutritional deficiencies and take corrective measures before they affect quality and yield, both in individuals and in crop measurements, they are useful to optimize the application of fertilizers, since, by knowing the specific requirements of the floors. , it is possible to adjust the quantities and types of fertilizers applied (Torri, 2005. Page 46). Therefore, plant nutrition and foliar analysis play a crucial role in the training of foresters or related careers, as it is essential to understand the nutritional needs of plants and use foliar analysis methods to ensure that individuals, crops and The plantations will receive adequate nutrients for better performance. To carry out the Standardized Operating Procedure (SOP), the species of Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk & Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn are selected. Samples of these species were collected from individuals found within the Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources of the Francisco José de Caldas District University. Leaf processing and analysis were carried out in the soil laboratory of the same institution. As an annex and teaching material, a dichotomous key was formulated for the diagnosis of visual symptoms due to deficiencies of nutritional elements in broadleaf plants.