Formulación de criterios para un modelo de evaluación ambiental estratégica (EAE) para el plan básico de ordenamiento territorial del municipio de la Calera Cundinamarca

Abstract

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is established as a critical analytical tool for decision-making in complex Policies, Plans, and Programs (PPPs). This tool significantly enhances the environmental performance of PPPs, particularly those with diverse spatial and temporal dimensions and potentially unpredictable environmental consequences. This research aims to formulate criteria for an ex-ante SEA model specifically for the Basic Land Use Plan (PBOT) of La Calera Municipality. A qualitative approach was adopted to investigate the correlation between SEA concepts and Land Use Planning (LUP) within a specific context. The research comprised three phases: analyzing the environmental context, comparing international and national SEA models, and finally, proposing criteria for an SEA model tailored to this specific territory. The resulting criteria promote strategies that support the continuous improvement of the municipality's LUP, facilitate the resolution of environmental conflicts, and contribute to the environmentalization of this planning instrument through the integration of SEA methodologies and procedures. These criteria are applicable to diverse territorial contexts with similar planning instruments, such as POT, PBOT, or EOT. It is concluded that developing criteria for an SEA model can significantly improve planning processes, particularly in the field of LUP where significant contributions at the Colombian level have been limited. Moreover, this approach facilitates the integration of economic, social, and environmental considerations while actively involving interested and affected stakeholders in the decision-making process