Estudio de viabilidad de producción y comercialización del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, utilizando residuos agroindustriales

Abstract

Orellana (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an edible mushroom with high nutritional value and growing market demand. This type of mushroom is the second most used mushroom worldwide and has quite outstanding nutritional characteristics, in addition to providing fiber through its consumption (Barbosa, J. & Prieto, A., 2022). It has high protein contents, between 10 % and 30 % in addition to some vitamins such as B, B2, B6 and a digestibility of 96.87% (Ruíz, D. et al., 2011), characteristics similar to those of meat; and being organic, it does not require fertilizer or pesticide for its planting. Its production has important advantages such as low investment cost, adaptation to different spaces and ease of cultivation, which is carried out using agro-industrial waste such as wood chips and sawdust. Currently, the management of these wastes, generated by the timber industry, represents a growing environmental and economic concern, highlighted as a problem because of its difficult final disposal and potential environmental impact, since it ends up in a landfill or incinerated. However, this waste can be of great value thanks to its capacity to become a suitable substrate in the process of fungi cultivation, in this case, we will evaluate the Pleurotus ostreatus, known for its decomposing function, as it feeds mainly on Lignin (contained by wood) which catabolizes through the production of cellulose and enzymes transforming it into its main source of carbon and energy, promoting soil regeneration and offering a sustainable alternative for food production. Taking all this into account, we seek to develop a business plan through which it will be possible to determine the technical, financial and environmental feasibility for the creation of a project whose objective is the cultivation, production and commercialization of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Orellana), through the use of agro-industrial waste sawdust and wood chips, in the city of Bogotá D.C.