Diseño preliminar de un prototipo de un acelerador de iones ligeros para BNCT.
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Currently, the use of medium- and low-energy particle accelerators has been extended to basic research laboratories in materials science, biomedical sciences, among others, and in terms of applications the main ones are in the generation of particle beams for imaging and therapy in different areas of medicine; in the industry they are in the characterization and optimization of materials. In this work, the physical foundations of linear accelerators have been studied, in particular different geometries and configurations of the electrodes for the acceleration system. A specific design was chosen in terms of configuration and geometry of electrodes, for its optimization through computational modeling of the acceleration system. Finally, a preliminary design for a compact linear acceleration column is obtained. Through a combination of experimental data taking and computational modeling, with the help of MATLAB-type calculation platforms, we study the equipotential lines, electric field vectors, and field lines to establish the different trajectories to be followed by deuterium ions, for the particular acceleration lines, given the different configurations and geometries of the electrodes that make up the accelerator column. To model the flow and acceleration of deuterium ions in an accelerating column. The purpose of this work is to determine whether the plasma meniscus and the beam interface can be properly modeled with MATLAB R2020a and thus, successfully predict the deuteron trajectory and beam shape over a wide range. Using MATLAB R2020a and based on experimental measurements of the electrostatic potential for a specific configuration and geometry of the accelerator column electrodes, a matrix of 6000 data characterized in electrostatic potential in 2d, i.e., V = V (x, y) was measured, which was taken as a basis to solve for the electric field: E = −∇V, using a central difference algorithm that allows one to find point by point each component of the electric field (Ex, Ey). Based on the above, we characterized the accelerating column in terms of the equipotential lines and the E field vector in the three acceleration zones, the trajectory of the particles (deuterons) accelerated in the extraction zone, the deuteron motion in the saturation zone, the kinetic energy of the ionized deuterium beam, and a 3D design based on the different columns studied. From the results obtained in this investigation, it is verified that the selected column and its electrode configuration fulfills the conditions to be used in medical application of BNCT. The column is characterized and the blueprint and three-dimensional designs are finally obtained, describing each of its parts and materials for its future construction.