Examinando por Autor "Espinel Ortega, Álvaro"
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Ítem Análisis Técnico Económico del Rediseño de Instalación, Iluminación y Seguridad Eléctrica en el Edificio “Paulina Ponce De León“ del Hospital San Juan de DiosCassandro Apraéz, Laura Daniela; Moreno Bermúdez, Fabián Steven; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroThe San Juan de Dios Hospital was built 300 years ago and is currently abandoned. It has 24 buildings which provide fourth level services for the city of Bogotá. In addition to being a Colombian medical and scientific research center, the redesign instalallation, lighting and electrical safety for “Paulina Ponce de León” Plastic Surgery Pavilion, explaining the design and compliance procedure of the current electrical standards in the country, visualizing in the space of modern equipment and networks with high energy efficiency, for a benefit of excellent quality service. This allows for the technical and economic analysis that would involve implementing the redesign in the building and thus establishing a parameter (Va / m2) of similar design in the architecture pavilions and similar use for the sizing of a dedicated medium voltage substation. evaluates special laboratory parameters for clinical and research laboratories, lighting system for LED technology, electrical grid and regulated grid with UPS replacement, electrical safety systems such as grounding system, lightning protection system, area classification, coordination of protections, substitution and emergency systems.Ítem Analisys and implementation of media comunication for internet audio transmission over(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Gaona García, Paulo AlonsoÍtem Desarrollo de la coordinación de protecciones en la red de AT y MT de la empresa CODENSA S.A, mediante el software de simulación Digsilent Power Factory. Caso de estudio zona nororiental BogotáAyala Delgado, Paula Andrea; Vega Escobar, Adriana Marcela; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; García, Luis FernandoIn recent years, energy operating and distributing companies (OR) have had to improve their time of service impact drastically due to regulatory requirements, market competitiveness, demand from investors, business customers and in some cases even through the influence of social networks; these reductions in time entail performing many actions in the operation, planning and management of the technical tasks associated with the distribution. Within the possibilities that the OR has, they are entering the world of the digitalization of information, which brings great benefits in reducing analysis times, flexibility of information and opportunity to obtain results. Taking into account the above, it is important that an OR as CODENSA S.A. have a digitalized electrical diagram through the use of Digsilent Power Factory® that offers a great performance to incorporate different analyzes in the following fields of technical knowledge: Coordination of Protections, analysis of technical losses, contingency analysis, reliability analysis, load flows under contingencies, analysis in condition N-1 and N-2 and location of electrical discharges.Ítem Diseño de estrategias para la viabilidad de incorporación de energía fotovoltaica en Mipymes de Bogotá, en el marco de la Ley 1715 de 2014Angulo Angulo, Aneider Sahedy; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroThis research work aims to propose alternatives for the incorporation of photovoltaic solar energy in the micro, small and medium colombian companies, in the context of Law 1715 of 2014, for this in the first instance characterize the energy consumption of the MSMEs of the city of Bogotá, taking as sample the entrepreneurs of the manufacturing sector belonging to section C of the Uniform International Industrial Classification -CIIU- established by the DANE and supervised by the Chamber of Commerce of each city, evaluating technical, economic and environmental aspects of possible solutions solar energy applied to MSMEs in order to improve the efficiency of production processes, taking advantage of the incentives of Law 1715 of 2014. Countries such as México and Spain are recognized worldwide for having a broad development in renewable energy. In the research project, a state of the art is developed that allows comparing these countries with ours, with topics to be discussed such as regulations, technology and important projects related to renewable energies, mainly solar photovoltaics to find techniques, ideas, methods and potential projects that allow our companies to improve at the energy level. A survey is carried out to the MSMEs of the manufacturing sector of Bogotá, in order to know the consumption, costs, billing and energy needs, also included questions about the knowledge of Law 1715 of 2014, and if they are interested and willing to participate of projects to implement this technology that involve the incentives offered by the Law to generate their own energy in the productive sectors. The survey was the basis for proposing energy solutions through technical and economic analysis to MSMEs to formulate solar photovoltaic backup prototypes and thus meet the energy demand in the company. The incentives offered by Law 1715 of 2014, are evaluated through the prototypes presented, making known the returns and savings that, at the time of implementation in MSMEs, it improves the competitiveness of the provision of services and the production of product at the energetic. Finally, some strategies are shown, based on the results of technological surveillance and competitive intelligence and the analysis of prototypes, integrating the bonds of Law 1714 of 2014, and incorporated into the productive chains of photovoltaic solar energy, providing the necessary tools and precautions for the productivity and competitiveness of the MSMEs.Ítem Diseño de la Instalación Eléctrica con Criterios de Eficiencia Energética para la Bodega 40 en el Parque Industrial Gran Sabana, con el Fin de Aplicar a los Incentivos de la Ley 1715 de 2014Villa Aroca, Carlos Andrés; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroThe internship project is about the design of final use electrical installation of cellar 40, located in the industrial park Gran Sabana, Tocancipá. Looking for the calculations and design principles conform to terms presented in the article 10.1.1. of the Reglamento Técnico de Instalaciones Eléctricas – RETIE, the colombian technical standards – NTC 2050 and other normativity to wich they relate. In this way, is complete the company’s goal that consist on certify the installation through an accredited inspection organism, in this case, “Certicapital”. Who generates a RETIE inspection report that must be approved for the installation to accomplish the regulation mentioned above. Additionally, it seeks that the installation complies with energy efficiency criteria in order to apply tax incentives mentioned in the law 1715 of 2014. For the particular case of the cellar 40, the energy efficiency can be achieved through the electric devices that save energy costs, for example led lighting, moving sensors and high efficiency motors.Ítem Diseño de un sistema de supervisión y monitoreo en tiempo real para agentes contaminantes en el aire, aplicado a la vereda Mochuelo Alto aledaña al Relleno Sanitario Doña Juana (RSDJ) de Bogotá - ColombiaRojas Pulido, Stiven Orlando; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro [0000-0002-7747-7718]This document is a research around the gas emissions problem of Hydrogen Sulfide- H2S, Methane - CH4 carbon dioxide - CO2 and ammonia NH3 (polluting compounds), generated by the works of the Doña Juana landfill that affects the around communities; for instance, La Vereda el Mochuelo Alto(little town) is one of them because over the last ten years they have showing their disagreement with significative amount of protest, generating the interest for the implementation of technologies of the information and communication in this problem.Ítem Diseño e implementación de un software para el seguimiento, análisis y protocolos de mantenimiento de transformadores de potencia y distribuciónGrosso Ramírez, David Santiago; López López, Johan David; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Grosso Galindo, Hansel RaúlIn this document there is the methodology used for a software desing, using computational tools based on an oriented programming objects language and database management systems and their practical implementation, which main purpose is to register and analyze the results of the activities of maintenance of power transformers and distribution made by the company in which the internship was developed. In addition, to generate a diagnostic equipment and present the results in PDF format, framed, in applicable rules and regulations in the Colombian scope for this type of field.Ítem Diseño e instalación de sistemas fotovoltaicos en Buenaventura- Valle del Cauca que garantice el suministro de energía eléctrica teniendo en cuenta aspectos técnicos y condiciones ambientales de la zona.Bautista Aguilar, Paula Alejandra; Córdoba Poveda, Jenny Katherine; Vega Escobar, Adriana Marcela; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroPhotovoltaic solar energy in Colombia has had great relevance since the 70s, with the commercialization of photovoltaic electricity generation plants, since then the largest applications have been in rural sectors, which have high generation costs because they are the most sections. In the last decade, projects of various applications have been implemented, benefiting not only rural areas but also urban areas, expanding installed capacity, along with the development of photovoltaic plants in the country; Examples of large applications are the first photovoltaic plant in the country Celsia Solar Yumbo- Valle del Cauca with a capacity of 9.8MW (2017) and the new Celsia Solar Bolívar plant (Santa Rosa de Lima- Bolívar), with an installed capacity of 8.06 MW. Current Colombian regulations, such as Law 1715 of 2014, have encouraged the use of non-conventional sources of renewable energy, establishing tax incentives (Law 1715, 2014). From this, the possibility arises of using these sources as alternative generators that can supply the demand of certain areas of the country that are affected by the continuous unavailability of electric power service due to different factors, such as geographic location, the difficult access to some areas of the country that have these energy deficiencies, as well as the lack of infrastructure, together with the deterioration and lack of maintenance of the electrical networks that cause continuous failures in the electricity supply, in addition to the damage caused to the electricity grids by groups outside the law in the context of the armed conflict, which affect the supply of public services to large areas of the territory. According to data from DANE, there are areas that are not interconnected to the national electricity grid, these have alternatives for electricity supply such as diesel generating plants installed by the community; but these present a negative environmental and economic impact due to the limitation of the availability of fuels, the noise generated, the pollution produced, the expenses represented in the maintenance, together with the inefficiency of the combustion engines, added to the limitation of the provision of the service in prolonged periods of time. One of the most viable alternatives to meet the energy demand in remote populations such as Buenaventura-Valle del Cauca, is the implementation of non-conventional energy sources such as photovoltaic systems, currently they are being developed in a massive way in the country, since For every 10 energy projects registered with the UPME, 6 are for photovoltaic solar energy. However, when they are implemented, on many occasions there may be power outages when the panel is in operation, due to the fact that these systems are not sized in an ideal way In this way, the need to evaluate the viability of designing and installing photovoltaic systems in Buenaventura - Valle del Cauca is seen, taking into account the conditions of the sector and energy demand, because photovoltaic systems, despite being considered generic They can be adapted to the different needs that need to be supplied.Ítem Estrategia pedagógica para la formación en sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica en el sector aeronáuticoBáez Buelvas, Iván Darío; Ávila Calderón, David Ricardo; Vega Escobar, Adriana Marcela; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Gómez Gómez, Edgar LeonardoIn the present work, the design of a pedagogical strategy was implemented to be implemented in civil aeronautics. This strategy consists of a course of photovoltaic solar energy that has a thematic guide for the students, the guides and practices of laboratory, the industrial designs of the same realized in AutoCad and finally the description of the software designed in Labview for the elaboration of certain practices.Ítem Estudio de factibilidad para implementar proyectos para generación solar fotovoltaica en pequeñas empresas colombianas con el fin de acceder a los beneficios de la Ley 1715 de 2014Sabogal Venegas, Cristian Camilo; León Cardozo, Edixon; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Vega Escobar, Adriana MarcelaThe project of degree presented below addresses the panorama of the energy matrix of Colombia and from this proposes to carry out a study to implement photovoltaic solar generation projects in companies in the city of Bogotá, making data capture and designing solutions to meet a demand specific energy. After this, a technical, economic and financial analysis of the presented scenarios is carried out to determine which solution is most feasible to finally propose a guide that serves as a road map for the entrepreneur to have the basic guidelines to initiate this type of project.Ítem Estudio técnico y económico para el suministro de energía de la Universidad DistritalCamen González, Juan Sebastian; Arévalo Rivera, Paula Camila; Vega Escobar, Adriana Marcela; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroIn this document it is going to be evaluated the viability of the change from regulated to unregulated user of the Administrative, Technological, Macarena and Bosa Porvenir headquarters of Francisco José de Caldas District University by analyzing the technical requirements demanded by the CREG (Energy and Gas Regulation Commission) and its economic impact on the University. Initially, a compilation of the different regulations was made. It describes the process and technical requirements, administrative and documentary conditions to make the change from regulated to non-regulated users, allowing the University to freely negotiate prices through fixed-term contracts with any energy marketer in the wholesale market. Subsequently, a technical analysis was made to verify compliance with these conditions using the monthly energy bills of the headquarters from 2016 to 2020, and afterwards, another analysis was carried out of the possible marketer that offer the sales services of energy in Cundinamarca and 5 candidates were chosen to carry out the economic feasibility analysis, where it was found that the University by 2019 could have saved about $ 500 million of pesos and by 2020 about $ 350 million of pesos; it could be made by carrying out a procedure that only involves the implementation of an energy meter with tele measure in each of the headquarters and choose a marketer to represent the University in the Wholesale Energy Market of Colombia.Ítem Guía práctica para la comunicación bajo la norma IEC61850 para relés ABB y SIEMENSPrada Ríos, Óscar Mauricio; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Ramos Santos, Juan ManuelThis document presents the development and results of the internship "Practical guide for communication according to the IEC61850 standard for Relays ABB and SIEMENS, which is proposed after identifying the need to make communication adjustments that allow the correct communication between intelligent electronic equipment, the SCADA and the substation equipment, according to what is stated in the IEC61850 standard, thus allowing the company SPT ingeniería S.A.S. to be at the forefront in the communication models used in the electric substations and allowing to generate a high degree of competitiveness in the electricity market, according to the new technological trends that are being implemented in the design of substation protection and control systems. As a final result of the process carried out, a manual or instructive is generated that details each of the steps to follow for the adjustment of the protocol, guaranteeing the correct communication and interoperability of the equipment, as well as providing technical concepts that will contextualize the reader about the procedure that which is being developed and verified with practical case studies that demonstrate the veracity of what is described there.Ítem Metodología para evaluación de ciber vulnerabilidad en sistemas de transmisión de energía eléctrica “EVULCIB”, estudio de caso subestación eléctrica de 230kV ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá-ColombiaCarreño Pérez, Juan Carlos; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroThe incorporation of information and communication technologies in the systems of control, supervision, measurement and protection of the electrical infrastructure has caused the energy sector to present a vulnerability at level of computer security, so that, if cyber attacks occur, they could affect the energy supply for the community in general. In this degree project, a method for the evaluation of vulnerability in electric power transmission systems in the field of cybersecurity is proposed. From the analysis of the regulations, guides of good practices and vulnerabilities related to computer security specifically for the electrical infrastructure of Colombia. Based on the results obtained in this research, the developed methodology was applied to evaluate the cyber vulnerability of a 230kV electrical substation of the Colombian national transmission system, showing a diagnosis of the system and determining the degree of exposure of the system. With the methodology proposed in this research, you can have an evaluation guide that will strengthen the capacities of the energy sector in the field of cybersecurity and facilitate the execution of a diagnosis in electric power systems.Ítem Metodología para la Elaboración y Presentación de Proyectos Eléctricos de Subestaciones Tipo LocalSalamanca Gaviria, Sergio Iván; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; García González, GustavoIn the thesis, is set a specified methodology, based in systemiced recopilation of the necesary information for carry out the process of elaboration and presentation of local type substation electrical projects, and their subsequent approval by the many companies that provides energy, completly applicable to substations projects presented to any companies that provides energy. in conclusion, the final document is a first input looking for the unification of the normative and process for the development of electrical projects in Colombia.Ítem Modelo para el análisis de datos y estimación de costos en el presupuesto de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de CaldasHurtado Hidalgo, Charles Andrés; Guerrero Urrea, Johan Sebastián; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro [0000-0002-7747-7718]The purpose is to carry out a data analysis model and estimation of time series, examining the history of the evolution of the items since 2012 to analyze the operating expenses of the District University such as personal services and general expenses. With these data, it is proposed to carry out a projection of indicators with decision-making algorithms, generating statistics and graphs based on the results found. The implementation of the model will be carried out in software with a web interface programmed in Ruby, HTML, JavaScript, with a PostgreSQL database engine, in addition, it will be open to the integration of other university services and other tools that allow the feeding of the software database through a DTS (Data Transformation Services). In addition to the above, it lists and explains the operation of the application generated for the purposes and its location in a respective GITHUB repository where information can be considered if necessary.Ítem Propuesta para Capacitación en Tecnologías Web: Paso Fundamental para Implementar Programas de Educación Virtual(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Pérez Castillo, José Nelsón; Angulo Chavarro, Jaime HumbertoÍtem Prototipo de Instalación Eléctrica Residencial Gestionable para Integrar el Uso de Fuentes de Energía Renovable en Colombia.Diaz Ospitia, Brian Norberto; Bautista Aguilar, Paula Alejandra; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroImplementation of a prototype of variable topology electrical installation using solid state and / or electromechanical devices, in order to incorporate renewable energy sources and improve the efficient management of energy in regulated users within the guidelines stipulated in Law 1715 of 2014 of the Republic of Colombia.Ítem Prototipo de Sistema para la Gestión de un Electrodoméstico y una Salida de Alumbrado Utilizando Protocolos y Convergencia IPHerrera Aguilar, Nicolás Enrique; Clavijo Camargo, María Alejandra; Espinel Ortega, Álvaro; Vega Escobar, Adriana MarcelaThe Internet of Things incorporates intelligent devices in the daily lives of people in order to provide information to make decisions that improve the quality of life. For this reason prototypes of an iron and blub lighting were developed in order to monitor parameters such as voltage, current, power and cost, in addition to controlling the on and off in real time using a web page. Having as to reduce power consumption by increasing the quality of life of making energy efficiency processes users. For the development of Hardware the Arduino® plate was implemented with the Ethernet Shield card, allowing attributed an IP address, therefore bidirectional communication, additionally is coupled to a system of data acquisition that makes measurements of electrical facings ADE using the integrated circuit 7763. Similarly a web application was developed using a set of languages jointly called LAMP in which it is possible to monitor the electrical measurements and perform the process control this by using the power line communication PLC. This research enables user-interaction technology, seeking that the population become more aware of saving electricity.Ítem Realizar el Análisis del Sistema de Distribución Local (SDL) Bajo la Inclusión de Plantas Cogeneradoras con Base en el Sistema SPARD®, en la Electrificadora del Meta S.A E.S.P.Romero Sierra, Edwin Julian; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroThe optimization of electrical power systems allows the best use of resources, reduce costs and achieve better effectiveness. In Colombia, the quality of energy and the reliability of the service is a fundamental theme for both the network operator and its users. Making projects feasible can become very extensive and complex; As the aspects to be evaluated in many cases, go hand in hand. This is the case of the implementation of an electric power supply, from an external source to the distribution network. Since this contribution, can generate variation of the voltage at the point of connection decreasing the quality of energy or in the worst case an increase of system losses, eventually over time, to unimaginable losses. The inclusion of cogeneration plants in the power system of the Meta Electrificator was studied in order to determine the favorable and unfavorable aspects that are presented when including this type of generation. Studies were carried out such as: distance to the connection point, evaluating relevant aspects such as zones of ecological impact, servitude and the existence of external electricity networks; Of variation of losses, in different scenarios (Maximum, Average and Low Demand); Compensation to the worst served user, among others. The relevance of the research translates into several points: Determine favorability or non-favorability for the electrical system of EMSA S.A. E.S.P. When power cogeneration units are incorporated; To prepare a report with the results of the study, in order to make known to the officials in charge of the operation of the system so that they have a document as support of decision making. Finally, a series of recommendations will be delivered based on the analysis of the results obtained in the study.Ítem Sistema de monitoreo de variables ambientales para gestionar alertas tempranas en la Ciudad de BogotáHinestroza Conrado, Dirson Yair; Espinel Ortega, ÁlvaroThe early warning systems are configured as the result of the lessons learned from the different disasters that humanity has faced. At present, they have a great impact on the way risk management is carried out and the emergency plans are addressed. proposed contingency and the analysis of the different threats present. This evolution has been directly related to the development of technology and has allowed the development of legal guidelines for the establishment of alerts, alarms and structuring of action plans. In the research work, the design and start-up at the prototype level of a low-cost monitoring system that would allow the measurement of the behavior of different environmental variables and with the use of information and communication technologies to contribute to the management of early warnings and decision making for risk prevention in the city of Bogotá DC - Colombia. To this end, the study and analysis of the legal provisions on risks and early warning systems existing in Colombia was taken as a basis, and variables such as pollution, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation were defined due to their importance and impact on the life of the human being, the different sensors that are used for the measurement were analyzed and chosen. The developed prototype was tested and its measurements compared with those thrown by systems that were already in operation and are used by different government agencies as a mechanism to check the accuracy of measurements. As a final result, a scientific article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLE MONITORING SYSTEM WITH LOW COST HARDWARE" was structured. COMPARISON BETWEEN BOGOTÁ, MEDELLIN AND UBATÉ