Ingeniería Electrónica
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11349/2043
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Ítem Diseño e implementación de una placa de desarrollo como una herramienta de bajo costo basada en un sistema embebido para apoyar la enseñanza de programación y robótica.(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Garnica Roa, David Esteban; Hernández Suancha, Johan Darío; Perdomo Charry, Cesar AndreyThis project presents the design and development of an educational kit based on the ESP32 microcontroller, oriented to facilitate the learning and implementation of programming and robotics projects. The main objective is to promote the efficient reuse of devices, accelerating the educational process through a versatile, accessible and low-cost tool. The document covers the definition of the project, the design and development of the prototypes, the development of the support material, as well as the results obtained during the validation of the kit with the target audience, with the purpose of evaluating its performance and relevance in educational contexts.Ítem Interfaz humano-máquina desarrollada en LabView para el control de la plataforma opal-rt en el laboratorio de microrredes eléctricas de la Universidad Distrital(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Martínez Montoya, Andrés Camilo; Lizcano Ramos, Jorge Alejandro; Guacaneme Moreno, Javier Antonio; Guacaneme Moreno, Javier Antonio [0000-0002-5480-8588]Currently, simulation in engineering plays a crucial role in the design process by anticipating potential problems or future challenges. In this context, the execution of real-time simulations emerges as a key tool for achieving more accurate results in our applications. The electrical microgrids laboratory at the Universidad Distrital faces various challenges in power converter-based electrical systems, relying on the real-time simulation platform OPAL-RT. This highlights the need to improve the monitoring and control of its experiments through the OPAL-RT platform. To address this need, the development of a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) has been undertaken to enable efficient monitoring and control of these applications. Currently, researchers at the electrical microgrids laboratory of the Universidad Distrital use Simulink to implement human-machine interactions with the OPAL-RT 4510 platform. However, several limitations have been observed, including restricted accessibility, delays caused by signal processing and visualization in Simulink, and the lack of necessary tools for effective control and monitoring of the applications in the laboratory. In this context, LabVIEW was chosen as the communication software between the OPAL-RT 4510 (a real-time controller and simulator of analog and digital signals) and MATLAB, which is used by researchers for project design. This strategic decision facilitates integration and workflow within the laboratory. Furthermore, it improves overall operation, optimizes coordination between the simulation and design systems, and provides a more intuitive user interface, thereby enhancing the monitoring and control experience.Ítem Diseño e implementación de un prototipo bajo en costos de cámara climática controlada para el crecimiento próspero de plantas con incorporación de IoT(Universidad Distrital Francisco José Caldas) Parra Quintero, David Fernando; Maldonado Molano, Juan Esteban; Plazas Nossa, LeonardoThe purpose of this undergraduate thesis is the design and implementation of a low-cost prototype of a climate chamber capable of recreating the natural conditions required for plants to grow and develop properly. The goal of this prototype is to meet various needs without requiring significant changes in specifications or energy consumption, while taking into account the different factors and environments in which it might operate. At the same time, it allows for control over key environmental variables. Inside the chamber, conditions such as temperature, light, airflow, and humidity will be simulated to create the necessary environment for germinating and growing small plants. This will be achieved through the use of sensors, a microcontroller (ESP32), construction elements made from various materials (wood, plastic, among others), and circuitry.Ítem Diseño de un sistema de reconocimiento facial y localización de personas basado en cloud computingHernández Cordón, Mónica Tatiana; Orjuela Orjuela, Andrés Felipe; Perdomo Charry, Cesar AndreyThis document presents the design and implementation of a facial recognition and person localization system using cloud computing tools. The development considered key criteria such as accuracy, scalability, performance, integration with other services, and the analytical capabilities of various cloud service providers. After selecting the most suitable provider, a system was implemented to capture images using an IP camera and compare them against a preloaded database, displaying the match percentage and corresponding location through a web interface. The results demonstrate high accuracy, with an average match rate of 99.92% and a standard deviation of 0.233, indicating low variability and strong consistency in facial recognition performance.Ítem Análisis e implementación de una plataforma para el estudio de las comunicaciones de una microrred eléctrica mediante un sistema embebido(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Jiménez Beltrán, Diego Santiago; Díaz Salazar, Alexander; Flórez Cediel, Oscar David; Flórez Cediel, Oscar David [ 0000-0002-0653-0577 ]This monograph presents the design and simulation of a smart grid with device interconnection using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and embedded platforms based on Raspberry Pi. The main objective is to analyze and validate communication architectures that enable distributed, resilient, and efficient management of renewable energy resources in simulated urban environments. Photovoltaic and wind generation models are implemented using discrete-event simulation in Simulink, whose data is transmitted to physical nodes managed by Raspberry Pi computers in charge of monitoring, visualizing, and exchanging energy information. Different communication topologies, particularly star and mesh, are evaluated, analyzing their advantages and limitations in terms of latency, fault tolerance, and scalability. Additionally, a cross-platform graphical interface is developed in Python to represent the state of each node, enable decentralized decision-making, and simulate energy lending logic between nodes. The results obtained demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed solution, as well as its potential for application in real-world environments where energy autonomy, remote monitoring, and resilience to communication failures are required.Ítem Robot móvil autónomo basado en control óptimo para el seguimiento de barreras vegetales laterales(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) López Aguilar, Juan José; Jutinico Alarcón, Andrés Leonardo; Jutinico Alarcón, Andrés Leonardo [ 0000-0001-9146-9637 ]This research focuses on a comprehensive study on the development and implementation of an autonomous mobile robot designed for precision agriculture, specifically for navigating crop rows using optimal control techniques. The research addresses the global importance of agriculture, emphasizing its role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as zero hunger (SDG 2), industry innovation (SDG 9), and responsible consumption (SDG 12). This research outlines the design and implementation of a differential-drive mobile robot capable of navigating crop rows using optimal control methods, specifically Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers. The robot is equipped with sensors such as a LiDAR for distance measurement, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for orientation, and encoders for motor control. The Robot Operating System (ROS) is used as the middleware to integrate sensors, actuators, and control algorithms [1, 2]. The study includes a detailed methodology for sensor and actuator characterization, ROS insta-llation and configuration, and the implementation of optimal control algorithms. Several experiments are conducted to validate the robot’s performance in different scenarios, including following a wall, navigating around obstacles, and tracking crop rows. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the LQR and LQG controllers in maintaining the robot’s trajectory and correcting deviations caused by disturbances. This document concludes with a discussion of the results, comparing the performance of the LQR and LQG controllers in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) for distance and angle. The LQR controller achieved an RMSE of 0.1206 for distance and 0.1884 for angle in the final experiment with a simulated crop row, while the LQG controller with adjusted noise covariance (𝑅𝑛 = 1 ∗ 10−6) achieved an RMSE of 0.0862 for distance and 0.1324 for angle, showing superior performance in scenarios with varying light conditions and obstacles [3, 4]. The study underscores the potential of autonomous robots in precision agriculture, offering a scalable solution to improve productivity and reduce labor costs in the agricultural sector [5, 6].Ítem Prototipo de tarjetas electrónicas para integración con el módulo inbio 160 para la detección de aperturas en los armarios del sistema de semaforización en BogotáGuerrero Zárate, Jhon Jairo; López Sánchez, Wilson Ricardo; López Sánchez, Wilson Ricardo [0000-0002-1377-0667]The document presents the development of an electronic card prototype designed to integrate with the InBio 160 biometric access control module, aimed at enhancing security and detecting unauthorized openings in the cabinets of the traffic light system in Bogotá. It addresses a key challenge in urban mobility management by providing a solution that not only increases the security of the cabinets but also improves the maintenance and efficiency of the traffic light system. Through an exhaustive process of research, design, testing, and adjustments, the developed prototype is a viable proposal to reduce the frequent failures in the reset systems of these cabinets, with the potential to scale into very robust solutions in the future.Ítem Diseño e implementación de un nuevo método para mitigación de ataque sybil con blockchainLeguízamo Muñoz, Miguel; Pava Diaz, Roberto; Pava Diaz, Roberto [0000-0003-0440-892X]This paper presents a new Sybil attack mitigation model designed for blockchain technology, using oracles and a reputation system, with the goal of strengthening application security. A detailed review and analysis of existing Sybil attack mitigation systems powered by blockchain is provided, as well as systems designed to manage reputation on a red blockchain. The objective is to understand the limitations and vulnerabilities present in these systems, in order to develop a solution that effectively addresses the needs identified in the evaluated platforms. This approach seeks to provide greater robustness and reliability to the proposed new system, raising security standards in the decentralized application environment.Ítem Estudio comparativo de tres protocolos de comunicación en IoT: implementación y análisis en entornos de laboratorio(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Zuluaga Aguirre, Brayan Stiven; Cárdenas Velandia, Angie Paola; López Sánchez, Wilson Ricardo; López Sánchez, Wilson Ricardo [0000-0002-1377-0667]The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way devices collect, process and share information, from environmental sensors to automation systems in homes and industry, increasing the number of connected devices every day. However, efficient communication between these devices becomes a major challenge that often goes unnoticed: choosing the right protocol at the application layer level. Choosing the wrong protocol can lead to performance, power consumption or security problems, especially when it comes to projects that require high efficiency or operate with limited resources. This study focuses on the comparison of three of the most widely used communication protocols in IoT environments: HTTP, MQTT and CoAP, with the objective of analyzing their advantages and limitations in laboratory environments, evaluating variables such as latency, energy consumption, bandwidth usage and security. To this end, three versions of an air quality monitoring station were implemented, each using one of these protocols. The tests were carried out with the ESP32 microcontroller, where temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration (PPM) parameters were measured.Ítem Diseño y simulación del sistema de control de la excitatriz de una máquina síncrona mediante un algoritmo de inteligencia artificialCubillos Cruz , Sara Vanessa; Novoa Pinzón, Johan Alexander; Florez Cediel , Oscar David; Florez Cediel, Oscar David [0000-0002-0653-0577]This work addresses the design and implementation of artificial intelligence-based algorithms for controlling the exciter of a synchronous machine, using the direct current excitation models DC1A and DC2A from the IEEE 421.5 standard of 2005 and 2016. Two models based on fuzzy control and two models based on machine learning are proposed, with the aim of comparing their performance and identifying which one offers the best results in relation to three evaluation tests: dynamic load changes, reference voltage variation, and peak phase voltage under nominal voltage operation. Overall, the fuzzy control-based models showed better performance compared to the machine learning-based models.Ítem Desarrollo de un software para programación dinámica e integración de módulos de inteligencia artificial en autómatas programables para la división de innovación de la empresa Orange SAArdila Medina, Dely Catalina; Florez Cediel, Oscar David; Florez Cediel, Oscar David [0000-0002-0653-0577]This document describes the design of software focused on dynamic programming and the integration of artificial intelligence modules in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The design process covers an exploration of the current landscape and key features of cyber-physical systems, with an emphasis on implementing artificial intelligence and various types of connectivity with PLCs. The development of algorithms aimed at optimizing the performance of a cyber-physical system through the integration of an artificial intelligence module on a PLC is proposed. Additionally, in the semi-real environment, a predictive and self-corrective maintenance model was implemented. The testing environment was developed using Docker containers, integrating OpenPLC, InfluxDB, Node-RED, and Grafana, which allowed for efficient management of fault monitoring and correction. The entire system was linked and tested in an application called FactoryIO, which simulates the semi-real environment and, through a custom-designed menu, facilitates the evaluation of the predictive and self-corrective system. This ensures the robustness and responsiveness of the system in real-world scenarios.Ítem Diseño de un sistema de monitoreo para troncales de una red de comunicaciones ópticas mediante analítica de datos(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Parra Cubides, Santiago; Flórez Cediel, Oscar David; Flórez Cediel, Oscar David [0000-0002-0653-0577]Azteca Comunicaciones Colombia manages a fiber optic network that is essential for the country's connectivity, facing challenges such as equipment failures, external damage, and geographical difficulties. To minimize interruptions, it is essential to implement a robust and automated monitoring system that enables real-time analysis of the network, facilitating proactive management. Additionally, improvement strategies in the infrastructure would enhance performance and response capacity to incidents. This project aims to ensure service continuity and strengthen the telecommunications ecosystem in an increasingly digital world.Ítem Evaluación de estrategias de modelado para la predicción y reconstrucción de variables meteorológicas en estaciones costeras(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Vargas Vargas, Jhon Edison; Acero Cuéllar, Juanita; Gaona Barrera, Andrés EduardoThis monograph addresses the importance of collecting meteorological data using drifting buoys to understand and predict ocean behavior and climatic conditions in coastal areas. It analyzes how, due to the remote location and various technical and environmental factors, periods with missing data occur in the time series. To tackle this challenge, modeling approaches were investigated that first allow for the reconstruction of incomplete series and then for the prediction of the same variables—air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction—up to a two-week horizon. The study developed and implemented a comprehensive strategy based on preprocessing (interpolation of missing data, error elimination, outlier correction, and normalization) and the evaluation of methods such as KNN, ARIMA, ARMA, and recurrent neural networks (RNN). The results indicate that, by enriching RNNs with exogenous information, complex patterns are captured, achieving significantly superior metrics in the reconstruction and prediction of the series, at the expense of a higher computational cost in terms of execution time and memory consumption.Ítem Diseño de dashboard de seguridad perimetral para el centro de operación de redesLopez Castiblanco, Diego Fernando; Suarez Catama, Brayan Alberto; Gaona Garcia, Elvis Eduardo; Gaona Garcia, Elvis Eduardo [ 0000-0001-5431-8776]The project seeks to design a perimeter security dashboard to improve real-time monitoring and management of security events in a Network Operations Center (NOC). This dashboard will consolidate data from different sources, such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) and network event logs, allowing an intuitive visualization of key metrics such as network traffic, detected attacks and vulnerabilities. Its customization will facilitate resource prioritization, early threat detection and regulatory compliance, while providing visual tools for informed and proactive decision making. The scope includes the design of a graphical interface that centralizes critical information, configures security flows and metrics, and allows access roles to be defined. The expected impact includes improved visibility of perimeter security, rapid incident response, and optimization of technological and human resources. Based on frameworks such as ISO/IEC 27001 and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, the project will adopt international standards to ensure a proactive approach to protecting digital assets from growing cyber threats.Ítem Análisis de la calidad del servicio en redes de comunicaciones de datos 4G y propuesta para mejorarlaJoaqui Guzman, Jhoan Sebastian; Ferro Escobar, Roberto; Ferro Escobar, Roberto [0000-0002-8978-538X]This monograph describes the situation of the quality of service QoS in Bogota Colombia, which places it outside the top 100 countries in 2024 in 4G speed. Initially a compilation of results of studies on 4G networks in the world is made, going through the history of the technology from 1G, 2G, 3G, to 4G LTE, the information found for Bogota is presented with dates and mobile operators to authorized (claro, tigo, movistar, wom) by the CRC, its distribution in spectrum for the area, with the Resolutions: Resolution CRC 4000 of 2012, Resolution CRC 5050 of 2016, Resolution CRC 5400 of 2018, Resolution CRC 6000 of 2022, coverage maps are shown, average tables of indicators for each operator with upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss. Once given this context, the measurement system is chosen with the SIM7600G module and the G-net Track lite tool; these will be compared in 8 points of the city described with GPS coordinates, The SIM7600G system receives a python 3 script that will take the measurements, G-net Track will be used to contrast that they are within a close range; The SIM7600G system receives a python 3 script that will take measurements, G-net Track will be used to verify that they are within a close range; a driving test (vehicle displacement) is performed to verify the stability of the network in the face of displacement and finally with the average of samples with SIM7600G of the 8 zones of the city will be used to compare the data with those registered with the CRC page by the operators, conclusions are drawn from these results, From these results, conclusions and recommendations are drawn and a solution proposal is submitted based on the initial research, proposing the implementation of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) state collaboration in a pilot plan in selected areas of Bogota for adjustments and refinement to be made by specialized engineers to improve the quality of service QoS in Bogota or other areas of the country.Ítem Desarrollo de una solución integral para la medición de variables meteorológicas(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Fernández Velásquez, Camilo Antonio; Ramírez Buitrago, Salomon Felipe; Perdomo Charry, Cesar Andrey; Perdomo Charry, Cesar Andrey [0000-0001-7310-4618]This monograph consists of the research, design, and implementation of the hardware and software of an experimental prototype of an automatic weather station (EMA). In the development of the project, sensors such as a rain gauge and a wind speed and direction sensor are manufactured, long-distance communication technologies are applied, and operating modes are implemented for synchronizing the date and time in real time with the Internet, as well as the appropriate backup of the information to always guarantee the shortest consumption time and durability of the components. The power supply circuit allows the EMA to maintain 1.1 days of autonomy, reduce the cost, and have the freedom to choose various types of components for the solar panel and the battery. The prototype station was located at the IDEAM headquarters in Puente Aranda in Bogotá, Colombia. IDEAM allows comparison with a standard station. The results show interesting reductions in the manufactured sensors in terms of the resolution required by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Likewise, in general, all the sensors meet the measurement ranges appropriate for the tests. In general, the precision of the sensors did not comply with the WMO, but they show acceptable results for a prototype, implying that the average relative error is less than 15%.Ítem Diseño e implementación de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado UAV de bajo coste(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Guarín Ramos, Miguel Felipe; Gantiva Sanchez, Lorena; Alzate Monroy, Marco Aurelio; Garcia Barreto, Germán Alberto (Catalogador)This document describes a methodology to construct a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle from scratch. With the methodology proposed in this document, we can identify the different parts that a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle is composed of, its considerations, and the design method of each element. We show a coreless motor power management circuit and how it helps to reduce the distortion in the power supply stage of the UAV. Additionally, we explore the design of a PCB and chassis that allows connecting every element of the UAV. We observe the use of basic sensors to obtain 3 degrees of freedom of orientation and relative altitude, with the information from these sensors fused using a Kalman Filter and other techniques. We explore the complete kinematics and dynamics of a quadcopter and create a rough linearized model to control the orientation and altitude of the quadcopter UAV through the thrust of the motor-propeller system with a PID controller. Finally, we explore the implementation of a local web server using the ESP32, which enables a direct connection between a device (such as a smartphone or computer) and the UAV. This document provides the basic elements to get started in constructing a UAV and explores the different disciplines, from the fundamentals to understanding the basics of design and implementation of unmanned aerial vehicles.Ítem Diseño e implementación de un sistema IoT para la automatización y monitoreo de TDS (Total de Solidos Disueltos) en un módulo hidropónico a escalaDíaz Lozano , Jhon Michel; Reyes Yopasa , Wilmar Felipe; López Sánchez , Wilson Ricardo; López Sánchez; Wilson Ricardo [0000-0002-1377-0667]This project aims to design and implement a fuzzy control system for a lettuce hydroponic system, in order to maintain key parameters such as pH and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) within optimal ranges for plant growth. . The system consists of three tanks: one with a mixture of nutrient solution and water, another with just water, and the third with just nutrient solution. Solenoid valves and a pump are used to control the passage of water and nutrients in the system, adjusting injection times based on pH and TDS values. Fuzzy control is implemented using a Mamdani model with discrete centroid defuzzification, and measurements are performed every 10 minutes. The ideal pH and TDS values are 6 and 800 ppm, respectively, and the system is designed to maintain these values within an optimal range by continuously monitoring and adjusting the activation times of the solenoid valves. The solution is flexible, efficient and seeks to minimize resource waste while improving the growth of lettuce in the hydroponic system.Ítem Análisis de señales electrocardiográficas para la detección temprana del síndrome metabólico mediante machine learningArzuaga, Santiago; Peláez Grajales, Juan Andrés; Vega Osorio, EdmundoThis paper develops an innovative method for the early identification of metabolic syndrome (MetS) through the analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals and the use of advanced machine learning techniques. MS, characterised by a series of metabolic irregularities that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and strokes, is currently diagnosed through invasive and tedious methods for patients, such as the oral glucose tolerance test. This project aims to replace these practices with a non-invasive, agile and efficient approach based on automated analysis of ECG signals. Since MS affects the autonomic modulation of the heart, it generates detectable alterations in the ECG that can be used for early detection. The study encompasses the development of a system capable of processing ECG signals, removing noise and extracting relevant parameters in the time, frequency and non-linear domains. These parameters are used in the training and testing of two machine learning models: Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM).Ítem Implementación en hardware de un clasificador de señales electromiográficas de miembro superior(Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas) Díaz Moreno, Nicolás Daniel; Moreno Cortes, William Santiago; Gaona Barrera, Andrés Eduardo; Gaona Barrera, Andrés Eduardo [0000-0002-3966-5646]This work presents the development and hardware implementation of an electromyographic (EMG) signal classification model, through the selection of a preprocessing method and a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, evaluated on both a PC and a Raspberry Pi 4. The selection of these elements responds to a proposed global performance function, which integrates software and hardware performance metrics such as accuracy, execution time, and CPU usage, allowing the identification of the preprocessing method and the parameters of the CNN that present the best results obtained. The EMG signal classifier for the upper limb is implemented in hardware and is validated by a PC that emulates a MYO armband, sending the signal of the selected gesture via Wi-Fi to the Raspberry Pi 4 for real-time gesture classification.