Formulación de estrategias para mitigar los impactos ambientales generados por el Cambio Climático en el sector agrícola de plantas aromáticas en el centro poblado de Santandercito del municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama

Abstract

This graduate research analyzes the climate vulnerability of aromatic plant production systems in the populated center of Santandercito, municipality of San Antonio del Tequendama, and formulates integrated adaptation and mitigation strategies in response to climate change. A mixed-methods approach was implemented, integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis, peasant farm typification based on the methodology proposed by Jaime Forero Álvarez, semi-structured interviews, heuristic matrices, and participatory validation with local producers. Three productive units located at approximately 1,660 meters above sea level were characterized, presenting slopes close to 45° and clayey soils with high water retention capacity. The results indicate that all farms are located within a medium potential climate impact level for the 2011–2040 period, with projected reductions of more than 30% in surface runoff andtemperature increases of up to 1 °C. The main climate-related risks identified include excessive rainfall, severe dry seasons, occasional frost events, hillside mass movements, and increased pest incidence. In response to these conditions, three articulated strategies were formulated: an agroforestry strategy based on diversified native and aromatic species systems; an agroecological strategy focused on functional biodiversity and organic soil management; and a climate contingency plan including specific protocols for extreme weather events and institutional coordination mechanisms. The study concludes that strengthening adaptive capacity in peasant production systems requires an integrated territorial approach combining environmental management, agroecological transition, ecosystem conservation, and local governance in order to reduce climate vulnerability and improve rural resilience.