Sistema de aprovechamiento de agua lluvia mediante cubiertas para uso en cultivos de tomate de invernadero, caso Vía Villa de Leyva - Santa Sofía Departamento de Boyacá

Abstract

Water is an essential resource for the survival of human beings and animals, its average annual availability in the world is 1,386 million km3, of these 2.24% is fresh water and of this value only 0.26% is found as water. sweet accessible to humans (García, 2018). In recent years, demographic growth, industrialization and the expansion of agriculture have progressively and drastically increased the demand for water, aspects that added to climate change have affected its scarcity, which affects more than 40% of the population. anticipating that this percentage will increase (UN, 2021), the latter being a major problem that must be addressed in a timely manner, since without this vital resource, there are effects such as conflicts over the use of water or its cost, as well as as a decrease in food security, among others. For its part, in Colombia, despite being called one of the richest countries in water, according to studies carried out by IDEAM of the 1,103 municipalities, 391 are already exposed to the risk of water scarcity and the long-term trend indicates that many more they will suffer the same fate; For example, those municipalities belonging to the department of Boyacá, which as of the year 2000 already had 49 of them with high and very high water availability vulnerability in dry years (IDEAM, 2000). Given the above and also taking into account that, according to the IDEAM, the demand for water grows annually by 4-8%, the need arises to look for alternatives that allow the use of other sources of obtaining water, this in order to give it a better use. more efficient to the resource, reduce pressure on water sources and increase resources, thus reducing conflicts over their use and associated costs and maintaining food security, among others; These alternatives should focus mainly on socioeconomic activities that do not require the exclusive use of drinking water for their development, such as, for example, in the case of activities in the agricultural sector, which require 16,760.3 million m3, 46.6% of the total. of the amount of water used in Colombia (SIAC, 2021), in the face of this last aspect, is that the present project arises, which as an alternative solution to the aforementioned problem, is based on rainwater harvesting systems through roofs. , for use in greenhouse tomato crops, case via Villa de Leyva - Santa Sofia, department of Boyacá; These systems will allow greenhouses to be prepared for the imminent effects of climate change, given that they will have an alternative source of water availability for the development of their processes and in turn reduce the costs associated with the aqueduct service or fees for use of water, if these derive directly from a concession, will also allow them to comply with Law 373 of 1997.