Análisis de la calidad del aire en Bogotá durante el periodo de incendios forestales en 2024 usando técnicas de teledetección

Abstract

This study presents a comparison of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), tropospheric ozone (O₃), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) levels detected by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5P satellite during 2024, with a focus on the dates when wildfires associated with the El Niño phenomenon were recorded. The wildfires were identified using PlanetScope satellite imagery, from which spectral indices such as NDVI, BAI, NDWI, and OSAVI were calculated to detect areas with the greatest changes in land cover through the creation of multidimensional mosaics. Subsequently, the information obtained from TROPOMI images was compared with air quality data from monitoring stations operated by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) using interpolation methods to generate digital difference maps. The analysis revealed that CO and NO₂ exhibited similar patterns in both TROPOMI data and IDEAM monitoring station data. In contrast, O₃ showed a very stable behavior with no significant variations in either data source. However, SO₂ did not display a consistent pattern or clear trend across the two datasets. The results of this study highlight the usefulness of applying spectral indices to Planet imagery for delineating areas affected by wildfires and emphasize the importance of integrating TROPOMI satellite measurements with ground-based data to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of air quality during wildfire events.